Perencanaan Kebutuhan Pangan pada Repelita VI di Tiga Propionsi di Indonesia (Penerapan Pedoman Pola Pangan Harapan)

IndonesianPola Pangan Harapan (PPH) adalah metoda perencanaan persediaan/kebutuhan pangan untuk konsumsi penduduk yang mampu menyediakan energi dan zat gizi lain yang dibutuhkan oleh penduduk dengan jumlah yang cukup, seimbang dengan mutu pangan yang lebih baik. Dengan menggunakan data Susenas 1990, untuk mendapatkan mutu pangan yang mengarah ke PPH, maka setiap orang harus mengurangi konsumsi pangan sumber karbohidrat dan lemak. Sebaliknya meningkatkan konsumsi pangan sumber zat gizi lain seperti protein vitamin dan mineral. Dengan demikian tantangannya adalah pangan yang disediakan di setiap propinsi pada Repelita VI harus mengikuti kecenderungan tersebut

Faktor Risiko Obesitas Sentral pada Orang Dewasa Umur 25-65 Tahun di Indonesia (Analisis Data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013)

Prevalensi obesitas sentral pada penduduk dewasa di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan pada periode tahun 2007 sampai dengan tahun 2013. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan obesitas sentral pada orang dewasa umur 25-65 tahun di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Riskesdas 2013. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional. Sampel adalah orang dewasa berumur 25-65 tahun dengan kriteria tidak cacat fisik dan mental, sampel wanita tidak dalam keadaan hamil. Jumlah sampel yang dianalisis adalah 434.970 sampel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan prevalensi obesitas sentral pada penduduk Indonesia umur 25-65 tahun sebesar 48,5 persen. Rata-rata lingkar Perut responden perempuan (81,92±9,45 cm) lebih tinggi daripada laki-laki (80,17±8,80 cm). Rata-rata umur responden adalah 42,50±10,43 tahun. Dari hasil analisis regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan obesitas sentral adalah umur, wilayah, status ekonomi, dan aktivitas fisik. Upaya untuk mencegah dan mengendalikan obesitas harus ditekankan di daerah perkotaan dengan status ekonomi menengah ke atas dan mulai dari usia dini. Di samping itu program berbasis populasi skrining dan program intervensi diperlukan, sehingga populasi berisiko obesitas sentral menjadi prioritas dalam penanganan program pencegahan

Suplementasi Daun Torbangun (Coleus Amboinicus Lour) Untuk Menurunkan Keluhan Sindrom Pramenstruasi Pada Remaja Putri (Supplementation of Torbangun Leaves [Coleus Amboinicus Lour] in Reducing the Complainst of Pre-menstrual Syndrome [Pms] Among Teenage G

Background: Torbangun leaves (Coleus ambonicus Lour) is one of type of species from Labiatae family which contains a lot of micronutrient and active element which have been examined as beneficial for human health and quality of life. The plants containing iridoid and flavonoid as well as phytochemical which deal with reproduction hormone is applicable to traditional medication toward PMS cases. Methods: The present study was aimed to assess the efficacy of CAL leaves in the management of PMS. An experimental clinical trial was conducted in 35 teenagers with PMS. Three intervention groups were defined: CAL leaves; commercial preparation; and placebo. Participants were followed-up individually for 1 month. Result: The results showed average menarche occurred around age 13 years, with menstruation lasting 5 days. During each successive treatment cycle, participants experienced a lower pain intensity score. Chi Square test, after adjusting each cycle for baseline pain, treatment compliance and other variables, showed that the group receiving CAL extract had significantly reduced pain intensity (p<0.05) compared with commercial preparation and placebo. Conclusion: The torbangun leaves supplement can be used as treatment to relief symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome. [Penel Gizi Makan 2010, 33(2):180-194

Measurement of Family Strength

Based on the family theory of structural functionalism, family is the first and the main porosity of human resource development. Family is the basic unit of society. The objectives of this study were to develop a measurement of family strength with high reliability and validity and to formulate policy implications to increase the family strength. 233 families from Leuwiliang district (19 villages) and Cibungbulang district (15 villages) were analyzed. Family strength data consisted of informations on physical resources, non-physical resources, family problems, copping mechanism, physical well-being, social welll-being, and psychological well-being. Applying Alpha Cronbach analysis, the family strength measurement had internal consistency coeficient of reliability 0.7 and applying factor analysis and Lisrel (Linear Structural Relationship) shared that there were there major latent variables of family strength, viz physical, social, and psychological. Strengthening the family should be an entegrated part of social economic, and family funcitioning development

Himpunan undang-undang perpajakan 2002

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Analisis Strategi Food Coping Keluarga dan Penentuan Indikator Kelaparan

. The research objectives were to analyze strategies in family food coping and to determine hunger indicators. The research design was retrospective and it was conducted in two difference area representing rural community (Village of Suka Maju, Cibungbulang District, Bogor Regency) and urban community (Village of Suka Resmi, Tanah Sareal District, Bogor Municipality), both in West Java Province. Samples of 120 poor families were drawn randomly out of 3340 families from both areas. The primary data was collected from samples using questionnaire which consist of food coping strategy, hunger indicator. The discriminant analysis to determine of hunger indicators. The results showed that the proportion of family suffering from hunger was 29.2 %. There were the differences in food coping strategies between the group of hunger and non-hunger families. The discriminant analysis based on the single variable showed that the family's hunger indicator was skipping eating for whole days. By the two variables, the hunger indicators were skipping eating for whole days, and reducing the habitual of food frequency. However by applying the one and two variables, the result of misclassifications were similar, Jl.47% hunger families classified into non-hunger families and 24.71% non-hunger families categorized into hunger ones

Analisis Status Gizi Anak Usia di Bawah Dua Tahun (Baduta) pada Program Jaring Pengaman Sosial Bidang Kesehatan (JPS-BK)

The objective of this research was to analyze the influence of the Social Safety Net-Health Sector Program (JPS-BK) on growth of under-two year children (baduta). The study was carried out in Kebumen, Purworejo and Sukohatjo of Central Java, and Lombok Timur and Sumbawa of West Nusa Tenggara. This study was designed as cross sectional with Posttest-Only Nonequivalent Group Study Design, This was applied considering the data was collected in a moment just afier JPS-BK program has been starting with two nonequivalent groups (one was target group and another was non target group of JPS-BK). The sample was mothers who had breast-feeding status and had been pregnant between October 1998 and ended in 2000. Total sample was 622 mothers, consisted of 544 mothers of JPS-BK and 118 mothers of Non JPS-BK. Growth of baduta of JPS-BK was not dgiterent from baduta of Non JPS-BK. Nutritional status of baduta (W/A) had positive and significant correlation with birth weight, immunization, and complementary feeding (MP-AS1 JPS-BK). Nutritional status of baduta (H/A) had positive and significant correlation with birth weight, MP-AS1 JPS-BK. immunization and mother's educational level. Nutritional status of baduta (W/H) had positive and significant correlation with birth weight, MP-ASI JPS-BK, immunization, income per capita, and mother's educational level

Analisis Peubah Konsumsi Pangan dan Sosio Ekonomi Rumah Tangga untuk Menentukan Indikator Kelaparan

. The objective of the study was to analyze determinants of hunger. The study design was a cross-sectional study. Research was conducted in four areas (Bogor Municipality, Garut, Karawang, and Pandeglang Districts) in July-October 2003. A systematic stratified random sampling was applied to select 400 households. The data collected included socio economic, perception on hunger, food expenditure and food intake. An Individual energy adequacy level was calculated by comparing actual intake to RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances). Qualitatively, a person was categorized as hunger, if his/her daily meal portion and/or meal frequency decrease, along with body weight loss. The t-test and Mann-Whitney test were applied to analyse mean difference of socioeconomic, demographic and food intake variables between hunger and not hunger groups. Discriminant analysis was used to analyze indicators of hunger. There were mean difference of household head's education and mother's education, household expenditure percapita, and individual's food intakes between hunger and non hunger groups. Based on the discriminant analysis, main indicators of hunger in.this study area were rice consumption frequency and staple food expenditure ratio.A Person was categorized as hunger if his or her rice consumption frequency < 14.76 times/ week or expenditure for staple food>23.15

The Influence of Family Strength on the Quality of Pregnancy

The Objectives of this study were to anaylize the influence of family strength on pregnancy quality. The data were analyzed from the study of "Effect of multinutrient fortified food suplement on pregnancy outcomes", which had been done previously by the Departement of Community Nutrition and Family Resources of IPB. Some additional information on family strength was also collected retrospectively. Of the 615 pregnant mothers in Luwiliang district (19 villages) and Cibungbulang district (15 villages), 233 mothers met the sample criterias were selected Pregnancy quality was measured by pregnancy weight gain. Family strength data (q=0.7) consisted of informations on physical resources, non-physical resources. Family problems, capping mechanism, physical well-being, social well-being, and psychologycal well-being. Applying a multiple linear regression model, body weight at the beginning of pregnancy and family strength has a significant effect on pregnancy weight gain. The items of Family strength are health factor, family goal, free from anger, and social support. The above results implied that, increasing family strength should he the important factor in pregnancy quality

Guideline for the diagnosis, treatment and long-term management of cutaneous lupus erythematosus

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an inflammatory, autoimmune disease encompassing a broad spectrum of subtypes including acute, subacute, chronic and intermittent CLE. Among these, chronic CLE can be further classified into several subclasses of lupus erythematosus (LE) such as discoid LE, verrucous LE, LE profundus, chilblain LE and Blaschko linear LE. To provide all dermatologists and rheumatologists with a practical guideline for the diagnosis, treatment and long-term management of CLE, this evidence- and consensus-based guideline was developed following the checklist established by the international Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) Working Group and was registered at the International Practice Guideline Registry Platform. With the joint efforts of the Asian Dermatological Association (ADA), the Asian Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AADV) and the Lupus Erythematosus Research Center of Chinese Society of Dermatology (CSD), a total of 25 dermatologists, 7 rheumatologists, one research scientist on lupus and 2 methodologists, from 16 countries/regions in Asia, America and Europe, participated in the development of this guideline. All recommendations were agreed on by at least 80% of the 32 voting physicians. As a consensus, diagnosis of CLE is mainly based on the evaluation of clinical and histopathological manifestations, with an exclusion of SLE by assessment of systemic involvement. For localized CLE lesions, topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors are first-line treatment. For widespread or severe CLE lesions and (or) cases resistant to topical treatment, systemic treatment including antimalarials and (or) short-term corticosteroids can be added. Notably, antimalarials are the first-line systemic treatment for all types of CLE, and can also be used in pregnant patients and pediatric patients. Second-line choices include thalidomide, retinoids, dapsone and MTX, whereas MMF is third-line treatment. Finally, pulsed-dye laser or surgery can be added as fourth-line treatment for localized, refractory lesions of CCLE in cosmetically unacceptable areas, whereas belimumab may be used as fourth-line treatment for widespread CLE lesions in patients with active SLE, or recurrence of ACLE during tapering of corticosteroids. As for management of the disease, patient education and a long-term follow-up are necessary. Disease activity, damage of skin and other organs, quality of life, comorbidities and possible adverse events are suggested to be assessed in every follow-up visit, when appropriate