Dyke intrusion between neighbouring arc volcanoes responsible for 2017 pre-eruptive seismic swarm at Agung

Using seismic data and numerical modelling, here, the authors characterize the three-month period of unrest occurring prior to the 2017 Agung eruption (Bali, Indonesia). They observe a large uplift signal located at ~5 km from Agung summit corresponding to the emplacement of a 10 km deep magma intrusion between Agung edifice and Batur caldera, suggesting a potential magmatic connection between the two volcanic systems

ANALISIS SPEKTRAL DAN PENENTUAN HIPOSENTER GEMPA GUNUNG LEWOTOBI DAN EGON SERTA KONDISI SEISMOTEKTONIK DAERAH SEKITARNYA

Abstrak Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang analisis spektral dan penentuan hiposenter gempa gunung Lewotobi dan gunung Egon serta hubungannya dengan gempabumi tektonik di daerah sekitarnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan karakteristik spektral, hiposenter gempa, b-value, serta menyelidiki hubungan antara gempa vulkanik dan gempa tektonik yang terjadi di daerah sekitar. Data kegempaan vulkanik diperoleh dari Pos PGA Lewotobi dan Pos PGA Egon dari tanggal 1 Januari sampai 31 januari 2016. Untuk data kegempaan tektonik diperoleh dari katalog international seismology center (ISC) dan U.S. Geological Survey National Earquake Information Center (USGS/NEIC) dari tahun 1965-2016. Analisis spektral dari gempa yang terekam di seismograf pos PGA digunakan untuk mendapatkan frekuensi dominan, untuk gempa vulkanik dalam, vulkanik dangkal dan tektonik lokal pada gunung Lewotobi digunakan untuk menentukan hiposenter gempa gunung Lewotobi. Untuk data gempabumi tektonik dilakukan analisis b-value. Hasil menunjukan bahwa frekuensi dominan setiap gempa yang terjadi pada gunung Lewotobi: gempa vulkanik dalam 10-13 Hz, vukanik dangkal 4,87-13,6 Hz, tornillo 1,69-16,8 hz, tremor harmonik 1,72-2 Hz, tektonik jauh1,041 – 5,282 Hz, tektonik lokal 1,80-2,79 Hz, hembusan 2,54-7,53 hz, low frekuensi 0,72-1,97 hz. Untuk gempa yang terjadi di gunung Egon: gempa vulkanik dalam 10-13,0 Hz, vulkanik dangkal 10-12,1 Hz, tremor harmonik 11-20,9 Hz, swarm 11-12,3 Hz, tektonik lokal 11,9-12,6 Hz, tektonik jauh 2,62-12,6 Hz, hembusan 4,88-12,8 Hz, low frekuensi 0,47-3,17 Hz, tornillo 12-12,6 Hz. Hiposenter gempa vulkanik banyak terjadi di gunung Lewotobi laki-laki dan tektonik lokal di baratdaya gunung Lewotobi. Nilai b-value yang diperoleh 1,12 ± 0,18. Dari hasil analisis tidak ditemukan korelasi langsung antara aktivitas vulkanik dan tektonik Katakunci: Lewotobi, Egon, Vulkanik, Tektonik, b-Value. Abstract Has done research on spectral analysis and determination of hypocenter Lewotobi and Egon and its relation to tectonic earthquakes in the surrounding area. The puporse of the research was to determine the spectral characteristics, hypocenter, b-value, as well as investigating the relationship between volcanic earthquake and tectonic earthquake that occurred in the area around. The data of volcanic seismicity obtained from the Lewotobi and Egon PGA Post on January 1st until January 31st 2016. And the data of tectonic seismicity obtained from International Seismicity Center (ISC) catalog and U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center (USGS/NEIC) on 1965-2016. Spectral analysis of earthquake that recorded on a seismograph in PGA post used to get dominant frequency, the deep volcanic earthquake, shallow volcanic earthquake, and local tectonic on Lewotobi used to determine hypocenter of earthquake of Lewotobi mount. For the data of tectonic earthquake obtained by doing analysis b-value. The results show that dominant frequency each earthquake that occurred on Lewotobi: deep volcanic earthquake 10-13 Hz, shallow volcanic 4,87-13,6 Hz, tornillo 1,69-16,8 Hz, harmonic tremor 1,72-2 Hz, far tectonic 1,041-5,282 Hz, local tectonic 1,80-2,79 Hz, blowing 2,54-7,53 Hz, low frequency 0,72-1,97 Hz. For earthquake on Egon: deep volcanic earthquake 10-13,0 Hz, shallow volcanic 10-12,1 Hz,9 harmonic tremor 11-20,9 Hz, swarm 11-12,3 Hz, local tectonic 11,9-12,6 Hz, far tectonic 2,62-12,6 Hz, blowing 4,88-12,8 Hz, low frequency 0,47-3,17 Hz, tornillo 12-12,6 Hz. Volcanic hypocenter erthquakemostly occurred in Lewotobilaki-laki and local tectonic occurred on southwest of mount Lewotobi. The value of b-value obtained was 1,12 ± 0,18. From the result of analysis not founded a direct correlation of volcanic and tectonic activity. Keywords: Lewotobi, Egon, Volcanic, Tectonic, b-valu

Tomographic Imaging of the Agung-Batur Volcano Complex, Bali, Indonesia, From the Ambient Seismic Noise Field

The Agung-Batur Volcanic Complex (ABVC), part of the Sunda volcanic arc, is the source of some of the most hazardous volcanic activity in Indonesia. The ABVC has undergone many small (VEI 1-2) eruptions since historical records began in the early 19th century, but Mt. Agung has experienced much larger (VEI 5) eruptions, both in the modern (1963) and historical (1843) eras, as well as several times during the past 2000-3000 years. The 1963 eruption caused more than 1000 deaths, and a more recent eruption in 2017 caused the evacuation of 140,000 people. Delineating the magma structure beneath ABVC is an important first step in understanding the physics of these eruptions. This paper presents the first local-scale study of Rayleigh wave group velocity structure and the seismic velocity structure beneath the ABVC using ambient seismic noise tomography. Seismic data were collected using 25 seismometers deployed across the ABVC during early January to March 2019. The local seismic network provides good resolution beneath both Mt. Agung and Mt. Batur. We obtained 158 Rayleigh Green's Functions, extracted by cross correlating noise simultaneously recorded at available station pairs. We used sub-space inversion to calculate group velocity at different periods and to estimate the lateral variations in group velocity for given periods. 2-D tomographic maps obtained from the inversion of the group velocity of Rayleigh waves clearly showed some pronounced velocity anomalies beneath the ABVC. We applied the Neighbourhood Algorithm (NA) technique to invert the Rayleigh wave dispersion curves to obtain shear wave velocity (Vs) vs. depth profiles. These profiles indicate a low Vs of about 1 km/s underlying the volcanic complex between Mt. Agung and Mt. Batur at depths up to 2 km, which we suggest is due to a combination of low-Vs volcanic deposits as well as a shallow hydrothermal fluids system associated with magma fluids and/or gases produced by magma intrusion at depths >7 km.This work was supported by the USAID’s PEER (Partnership for Enhance Engagement in Research) program with agreement number AID-OAA-A-11-00012, partially supported by P3MI of Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology 2019 awarded to ZZ. 20 of the instrument sets used in the Agung Seismic Experiment were from the Australia-Indonesia Tectonics Observatory, funded by the Australian National University Major Equipment Committee Grant 17MEC33

Insights into the recurrent energetic eruptions that drive Awu, among the deadliest volcanoes on Earth

International audienceAbstract. The little-known Awu volcano (Sangihe Islands, Indonesia) is among the deadliest, with a cumulative death toll of 11 048. In less than 4 centuries, 18 eruptions were recorded, including two VEI 4 and three VEI 3 eruptions with worldwide impacts. The regional geodynamic setting is controlled by a divergent-double-subduction collision and an arc–arc collision. In that context, the slab stalls in the mantle, undergoes an increase in temperature, and becomes prone to melting, a process that sustained the magmatic supply. Awu also has the particularity of hosting alternatively and simultaneously a lava dome and a crater lake throughout its activity. The lava dome passively erupted through the crater lake and induced strong water evaporation from the crater. A conduit plug associated with this dome emplacement subsequently channeled the gas emission to the crater wall. However, with the lava dome cooling, the high annual rainfall eventually reconstituted the crater lake and created a hazardous situation on Awu. Indeed with a new magma injection, rapid pressure buildup may pulverize the conduit plug and the lava dome, allowing lake water injection and subsequent explosive water–magma interaction. The past vigorous eruptions are likely induced by these phenomena, possible scenarios for future events