Pemurnian Fikosianin dari Spirulina platensis dengan Metode Liquid Biphasic Flotation (LBF) dan Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidannya

Phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis (S. Platensis) is a pigment-complex protein belong to the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family. The pigments have high economic value as a natural blue dye as well as the source of antioxidants and anticancer. Production of pure natural phycocyanin remains in high demand. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain phycocyanin with high purity values using modified liquid biphasic flotation (LBF) system and tested for DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrilhydrazil) radical scavenging activity. This study produced high purity phycocyanin with purification fold 3.041 ± 0.04 and recovery yields approximately about 70.881%. Purified phycocyanin showed scavenging activity with IC50 of   338.585 mg/mL. Thus, the LBF system yielded high purity phycocyanin pigments

STATE OF THE ART IN PROTEOMICS FOR CANCER DETECTION

The earliest stages of cancer detection determine the successful of cancer treatment andtherapy. The existing cancer test or detection methods have been routinely used, but they arelack of sensitivity and specificity that are needed to avoid false positive or negative results. Thegenomic basedtechniques have been applied, although molecular understandings of cancerfar from complete, but few genomic platforms are becoming routine. Application of proteomicsbasedtechniques provide intriguing outcome, which is cancer detection at their earliest stages.Proteomics have exposed a new perspective into the phases of tumorigenesis and depictedmore detailed molecular network scheme, which made important contributions in the discoveryof biomarker of early diagnosis, prognosis and prediction outcome of cancer therapies.The noticeable proteomic platforms to achieve these goals are protein microarray, tissuemicroarray, mass spectrometry-based proteomic, and two-dimensionalgel electrophoresis (2-DE). The application of these techniques will be overviewed, providing a general review ofcurrent proteomic methods in cancer detection and subsequently improvement in prognosisand prediction of cancer therapies.Keywords: proteomics, protein microarrays, mass spectrometry, cancer biomarkerAbstrakDeteksi dini kanker sangat menentukan keberhasilan penanganan dan terapi kanker. Hinggasaat ini, telah banyak jenis metoda deteksi dan uji kanker yang sudah rutin digunakan, akantetapi metoda-metoda tersebut memiliki tingkat sensitifitas dan spesifikasi yang rendah,sehingga sering menyebabkan terjadi kesalahan hasil uji baik secara positif ataupun negatif.Bidang genomik telah banyak digunakan untuk lebih memahami kanker pada level molekuler,meskipun hasil yang diperoleh belum mendalam, akan tetapi beberapa metoda berbasiskangenomik telah mulai rutin digunakan. Bidang pioteomik mulai banyak diaplikasikan untukkeperluan deteksi kankersedini mungkin. Proteomik memberikan perspektif dalam mempelajarifase-fase pembentukan tumor dan juga bisa memberikan gambaran rangkaian molekuler yangterlibat. Hasil ini akan menjadi suatu kosntribusi yang sangat besar untuk mencari biomarkeruntuk diagnosa awal, prognosa dan dan memprediksikan luaran terapiyang muncul. Beberapametoda proteomik telah banyak digunakan untuk tujuan tersebut, diantaranya adalah proteinmicroarrays, fissue microarrays, /nass spectrometry-based proteomic, dan two-dimensionalgel electrophoresis (2-DE). Beberapa aplikasi teknik proteomik tersebut akan dibahas padatulisan ini, sehingga bisa memberikan pandangan umum tentang metoda-metoda proteomikterkini yang sudah mulai digunakan untuk deteksi kanker dan selanjutnya memperbaikiprognosa yang diberikan dan bias memantau luaran yang dihasilkan dariterapi

Isolasi dan Identifikasi Mikroalga Sebagai Sumber Antioksidan dari Perairan Tirtasari Sonsang, Agam, Sumatera Barat

Mikroalga memiliki potensi sebagai sumber antioksidan, yang dapat mencegah dan menghambat radikal bebas. Peneliti secara personal telah mengisolasi mikroalga dari perairan Tirtasari Sonsang, Sumatra Barat. Pada penelitian ini, isolat mikroalga diidentifikasi secara morfologi dan molekular. Mikroalga ditumbuhkan dalam tiga jenis medium dan diekstrak menggunakan pelarut metanol, etil asetat dan heksana. Potensi antioksidan ekstrak mikroalga tersebut diuji menggunakan metoda DPPH. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi secara morfologi dan molekular, isolat mikroalga termasuk dalam jenis Chlorella sp.. Aktivitas antioksidan isolat mikroalga yang tumbuh dalam medium BBM, dan diesktrak menggunakan metanol pada konsentrasi 200 mg/L memiliki nilai persen inhibisi terhadap radikal DPPH sebesar 55,8%

Potential Toxicity of Legundi Leaf Extract (Vitex Trifolia L) Using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method

Many natural products can be used as starting points in developing modern medicines because of their capabilities in pharmacological activities. Vitex trifolia L is an herbal plant that has been used to treat diseases such as fever, inflammation, colds, irregular menstruation, and diseases related to the female reproductive organs. This study aims to identify the cytotoxic ability of Vitex trifolia L leaf extract using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Extraction was carried out by maceration and fractionation methods, followed by phytochemical assay and cytotoxic assay using BSLT method. The results showed that the n-hexane extract had a moderate cytotoxic effect (LC50 241 µg/ml), the methanol extract included in the low toxic category (LC50 995 µg/ml) and the other two extracts involved in the non-toxic category (ethyl acetate and butanol)

Production of personalized protein microarrays : optimized production of protein microarrays and the establishment of processes for the representation of protein conformations that occur in individual patients

Despite remarkable progress in understanding biology and disease at the level of nucleic acids, insights into the relevant biochemical processes frequently remain preliminary, since much regulation and activity occurs at the protein level through control of gene expression and variations of protein conformation. In particular, the effect of such variations on protein interactions is critical for a better description of biology and disease. Protein microarray technology provides a means to such ends and is a growing field of proteomics, with a high potential for analytical and functional applications in biology and medicine. On the basis of sequence information from individuals, it is possible to characterize disease-specific protein isoforms that result from mutations, polymorphisms, and splice variants with personalized protein microarrays. During my thesis, I developed such a technique. As a first step, solid-phase PCR is applied to copy a particular tissue’s RNA/cDNA onto the microarray surface, using for each gene a specific primer pair that is attached to the chip surface. The generated DNA templates are firmly attached to and specifically oriented on the array surface. The solid-phase PCR successfully amplified DNA of up to 3 kb, also allowing multiplex amplification of DNA. The arrayed DNA copies then act as templates for an in situ cell-free expression, yielding a protein microarray that presents the protein content of a particular tissue of an individual person. Expression control was conducted by a multiple spotting technique (MIST). C-terminus detection showed that translation was complete, yielding full-length proteins. During the process of setting up the technique of producing individualized protein microarrays, the MIST technology was optimized concomitantly. The various steps involved were analyzed to determine optimal conditions for template preparation, protein expression and interaction detection. Protein microarrays of 3500 human proteins were produced with these procedures and their performance was tested in model studies of protein–protein interactions

Absence of BRCA1 185delAG, BRCA1 5382InsC and BRCA2 6174delT among Hereditary Breast Cancer Patients in North Sumatera, Indonesia

One causes of breast cancer is mutations in tumor suppressor genes, namely BRCA1 and BRCA2. One of the most common types of mutations is 185delAG , 5382InsC in the BRCA1 and 6174delT  in the BRCA2 gene. This mutation is called the foundation mutation which the frequency were high in the Jewish Ashkenazi population. The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of founder mutation in hereditary breast cancer patients in the North Sumatran population using the PCR-RFLP method and confirmation by sequencing. The results showed that there was no mutation in the population of north sumatera, this may be due to a small number of samples or non-specific mutations occur

Beneficial Effect of Application of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Product from Padang West Sumatra, Indonesia on Palatoplasty Wound Healing

The goal of wound care is to heal wounds quickly and relieve minimal pain, discomfort and scarring by providing adequate nutrition and the use of topical and systemic antimicrobial agents. Of various types of surgical wounds, each causing different wound -healing responses in a particular tissues, palatoplasty surgical wound for example. Coconut oil is an easily available edible oil. VCO is unique because of containing MCFAs with 45-50 percent lauric acid as predominant content. Previous study reported the effect of coconut oil pulling/oil swishing on plaque formation and plaque induced gingivitis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the beneficial effect of VCO on palatoplasty palatal surgical wound healing. In this study, the researchers included 6 patients who followed the palatoplasty procedure. Virgin coconut oil was applied onto and after palatal wound closure. All standard operating procedures were applied in this study. As a conclusion, VCO accelerated wound healing, accompanied by an increased number of fibroblast cells appeared in the wound, as well as fewer pain complaints.

Pengaruh Pemberian Variasi pH terhadap Produksi Trigliserida Total dan Komposisi Asam Lemak dari Chlorella Vulgaris Air Tawar

Chlorella vulgaris is a microalgae that has high lipid content and potential as raw material for biofuel production. This study aims are to determine the effect of pH on growth, lipid production and fatty acid composition of C. vulgaris by using Growmore 32-10-10 fertilizer as a culture medium. Microalgae were cultured in medium Growmore 32-10-10 for 10 days. Afterward, pH of medium was varied into pH 5, 7, 8.2 and 9 and continued cultivate for 3 days. C. vulgaris cultured at pH 8.2 which is a control pH reached optimum growths. The GC-MS analysis for lipid productivity of C. vulgaris was 0.5020 g/L/day and 0.2902 g/L/day for microalgae grew at pH 8.2 and 9, respectively. Cultures at pH 8.2 and 9 produce methyl hexadecanoate, methyl 9-octadecanoate, methyl octadecanoate, methyl 9,12-octadecadienoate, methyl 9,11-octadecadienoate. Additional fatty acid methyl nonadecanoate was also found in C. vulgaris grew at pH 9. The low and high pH stress of C. vulgaris culture medium did not affect culture growth but altered lipid production and fatty acid composition

Isolasi dan identifikasi spesies mikroalga air tawar sebagai antioksidan dan antihiperglikemik

Mikroalga memiliki kinerja yang hampir sama dengan tumbuhan bersel banyak, akan tetapi tidak memiliki akar, daun, dan batang untuk berfotosintesis. Mikroalga diibaratkan sebagai pabrik kecil dalam ukuran sel mikro yang mengubah karbondioksida menjadi material potensial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi mikroalga, mengidentifikasi spesiesnya secara morfologi dan molekuler, selanjutnya menentukan kandungan total fenolik, bioaktivitas antioksidan dan antihiperglikemik dari ekstrak mikroalga tersebut. Uji antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH dan uji antihiperglikemik dengan metode inhibitor enzim α-amilase. Mikroalga yang berhasil diisolasi termasuk dalam jenis Chlorella vulgaris. Ekstrak metanol dari biomassa kering mikroalga memberikan kandungan fenolik total paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 10,8 mg GAE/g jika dibandingkan ekstrak air (1,8 mg GAE/g) dan heksana (1,1 mg GAE/g). Nilai IC50 ekstrak metanol dalam menangkap radikal bebas DPPH adalah 75,9 µg/mL dan mampu menginhibisi 50% aktivitas enzim α-amilase pada konsentrasi 839,9 µg/mL. Berdasarkan hasil uji bioaktivitas ekstrak metanol mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris yang diisolasi dari perairan Sungai Kincir Kamba Tigo memiliki kemampuan yang rendah sebagai antioksidan dan antihiperglikemik