Extended AIGER Format for Synthesis

We extend the AIGER format, as used in HWMCC, to a format that is suitable to define synthesis problems with safety specifications. We recap the original format and define one format for posing synthesis problems and one for solutions of synthesis problems in this setting

How to Handle Assumptions in Synthesis

The increased interest in reactive synthesis over the last decade has led to many improved solutions but also to many new questions. In this paper, we discuss the question of how to deal with assumptions on environment behavior. We present four goals that we think should be met and review several different possibilities that have been proposed. We argue that each of them falls short in at least one aspect.Comment: In Proceedings SYNT 2014, arXiv:1407.493

Berufsausbildung in Frankreich zwischen Staat, Region und Unternehmen: Neuere Entwicklungen in der Region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

In den 80er und 90er Jahren kam es in Frankreich im Rahmen der Berufsausbildung zu zwei wesentlichen Veränderungen. Einerseits sind die Kompetenzen bei der Regulierung beruflicher Qualifizierung weitgehend von der zentralstaatlichen auf die regionale Ebene übergegangen. Andererseits wurden mit dem Ziel einer besseren Eingliederung Jugendlicher in den Arbeitsmarkt die Unternehmen veranlaßt, Jugendliche auf der Basis von alternierenden Verträgen einzustellen, die einen Wechsel zwischen Arbeitsphasen im Betrieb und Qualifizierungsphasen vorsehen. Fallbeispiele aus der südfranzösischen Region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur zeigen, daß es in den Unternehmen zu einer Diversifizierung der Berufsausbildungsstrategien mit einem stärkeren Gewicht auf alternierenden Ausbildungsformen kommt. Damit verbunden ist eine Zunahme betrieblicher Regulierung bei der beruflichen Qualifizierung. Die Ergebnisse der Studie weisen darauf hin, daß in Frankreich der prägende Einfluß des allgemeinen schulischuniversitären Bildungssystem für betriebliche Qualifizierungsprozesse abnimmt.During the 1980s and 90s, in France two major changes occurred in the area of occupational training. First, the responsibilities for the regulation of occupational qualifications in France were largely transferred from the central to regional governments. Secondly, in order to foster the integration of young people into labour market, companies were given incentives to employ young people on the basis of alternating contracts. Under such contracts employees divide their time between work in the company and training. Examples from the southern French region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur demonstrate a diversification of the vocational training strategies coupled with an emphasis on alternating occupational training within companies. One result of these new strategies in training is an increase in the company regulation of vocational training. At the same time, the results of the study suggest that the influence of the state-run education and training system on human resource management of French companies is declining

Observation of a breeding attempt of European Blackbird Turdus merula in January in a city of western Germany

Am 08. Januar 2007 gegen 11:00 Uhr morgens konnte ich in der Wuppertaler Innenstadt (Stadtteil Elberfeld: 51° 16‘ 26“ N, 007° 08‘ 41“ O, ca. 150 m ü NN) ein Amselweibchen (Turdus merula) beim Füttern von mindestens zwei sperrenden Nestlingen beobachten. Das Nest war auf der Leuchtreklame eines größeren Modehauses unter einem Glasdach platziert.I observed a breeding attempt of an European Blackbird Turdus merula in the city of Wuppertal (North Rhine Westphalia, western Germany: 51° 16’ 26” N, 007° 08’ 41” E, 150 m a.s.l.) on 08 January 2007. The female Blackbird was feeding at least two nestlings. The nest was placed above a luminous advertising above an entrance to a larger fashion store. The nest was covered by glass roofing above the entrance to the store

Electromechanically Tunable Suspended Optical Nano-antenna

Coupling mechanical degrees of freedom with plasmonic resonances has potential applications in optomechanics, sensing, and active plasmonics. Here we demonstrate a suspended two-wire plasmonic nano-antenna acting like a nano-electrometer. The antenna wires are supported and electrically connected via thin leads without disturbing the antenna resonance. As a voltage is applied, equal charges are induced on both antenna wires. The resulting equilibrium between the repulsive Coulomb force and the restoring elastic bending force enables us to precisely control the gap size. As a result the resonance wavelength and the field enhancement of the suspended optical nano-antenna (SONA) can be reversibly tuned. Our experiments highlight the potential to realize large bandwidth optical nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS)

Social Network Analysis on Food Web and Dispute Data

Several social science disciplines, especially anthropology and sociology, have long engaged in social network analyses. Social Network Analysis (SNA) uses network theory to analyse social networks – a network that often involves individual social actors (people) and relations between them. Social network analysis aims at understanding the network structure by description, visualization, and statistical modeling. In this research, the illustration of the use of SNA is done on two different datasets: food web data and militarized interstate dispute data

Parameterized Synthesis Case Study: AMBA AHB (extended version)

We revisit the AMBA AHB case study that has been used as a benchmark for several reactive syn- thesis tools. Synthesizing AMBA AHB implementations that can serve a large number of masters is still a difficult problem. We demonstrate how to use parameterized synthesis in token rings to obtain an implementation for a component that serves a single master, and can be arranged in a ring of arbitrarily many components. We describe new tricks -- property decompositional synthesis, and direct encoding of simple GR(1) -- that together with previously described optimizations allowed us to synthesize the model with 14 states in 30 minutes.Comment: Moved to appendix some not very important proofs. To section 'optimizations: added the model for 0-process. Extended version of the paper submitted to SYNT 201

Risikomanagement als Handlungsfeld in der Raumplanung

Der vorliegende Band zeigt die Notwendigkeit des Managements von Risiken in Raumordnung und Bauleitplanung auf. Nach Ansicht des ARL-Arbeitskreises 'Risikomanagement als Handlungsfeld in der Raumplanung' ist das Risikomanagement grundsätzlich in die Leitvorstellung der Raumplanung einzuordnen. Gegenwärtig mangelt es allerdings noch an einem expliziten und umfassenden Auftrag an die Raumplanung zum Risikomanagement. Gegenstand eines solchen Risikomanagements können nur raumplanungsrelevante Risiken sein. Ein effizientes Management dieser Risiken kann mit Raumstrukturkonzepten verknüpft werden. Einige Raumstrukturkonzepte, die in der planerischen Praxis häufig Anwendung finden, werden in diesem Band beschrieben und unter der Risikofragestellung bewertet. Zudem wird die Vorstellung eines querschnittsorientierten Risikomanagements in der Raumplanung konkretisiert, wobei im Rahmen der materiellen Rechtsnormen ein über Risikokommunikation diskursbestimmtes Ergebnis anzustreben ist. Als Hilfestellung für die Planungspraxis wird des Weiteren ein Prüfschema entwickelt und es werden Operationalisierungshinweise zur Integration des Risikomanagements in die Strategische Umweltprüfung von Programmen und Plänen der Raumplanung gegeben. Beispiele zur Anwendung des Prüfschemas, eine Normenanalyse und Fallstudien zum gegenwärtigen Umgang mit raumplanungsrelevanten Risiken runden die Darstellung ab. Zur Weiterentwicklung der Ansätze eines Risikomanagements in der Raumplanung werden dann Empfehlungen zur sachgerechten Ausgestaltung der planungsrechtlichen Grundlagen der Raumordnung, insbesondere der Regionalplanung, sowie zur Bauleitplanung formuliert. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick auf weiteren Forschungsbedarf gegeben. Zudem hat der Arbeitskreis ein offenes, anwenderorientiertes Datenbanktool für die Planungspraxis mit Assistenzfunktion für wesentliche Prüfschritte aus dem vorgenannten Prüfschema entwickelt, das auf der Website der ARL vorgehalten wird (www.arlnet. de/risiko-matrix).The volume at hand demonstrates the need for the management of risks in spatial planning and land use planning. In the view of the ARL working group Risk Management as a Sphere of Action in Spatial Planning, risk management should basically be categorised in the general principle of spatial planning. At present, however, there is still a lack of an explicit and comprehensive assignment of spatial planning to risk management. The object of such risk management can only be spatial-planning-related risks. Efficient management of these risks can be linked to spatial structure concepts. Some structure concepts which are often used in planning practice are described in this volume and are assessed to determine what significance they have as regards risk. Moreover, the idea of a form of risk management in spatial planning that is cross-sectionallyoriented is put in concrete terms, whereby, within the framework of the material legal norms, a discourse-determined result by means of risk communication should be aspired. Furthermore, as a means of assistance for planning practice, a checklist in the form of a review scheme is being developed and operationalisation tips regarding the integration of risk management into the strategic environmental testing of spatial planning programmes and plans are given. Examples of the use of the checklist, an analysis of norms as well as case studies regarding the current way of handling spatial planning risks round off the report. In order to further develop the approaches of risk management in spatial planning, recommendations concerning the proper formulation of the principles of land use planning with regard to planning law, in particular spatial planning as well as land use planning are formulated. Finally, there is a recognition of the need for more research in the future. Furthermore, the ARL working group has developed an open, user-oriented data base tool for planning practice with an assistance function for essential test steps from the afore-mentioned checklist diagram that is stored on the ARL web site (www.arlnet.de/risiko-matrix)