As If She Had No Secrets : Approach, Recognition, and Coming of Age In Alice Munro\u27s \u3ci\u3eLives of Girls and Women\u3c/i\u3e

Munro\u27s fiction contains these two elements at odds, in tension with one another, but they are, for her characters, part of the same process of reckoning with the world. Munro\u27s protagonists, once inside the deep cave, find the familiar linoleum--and the cave itself becomes more mysterious because of this paradoxical discovery. Meanwhile, Munro herself seems to go through a similar process in the act of writing. Her likening of art to a pattern of approach and recognition is applicable to her work, and perhaps, to the work of many writers. Writers go into secret places, hoping to come out with something that can be recognized by, and shared with, others. Within Munro\u27s work, a more specific pattern of approach and recognition occurs. Her characters approach the unknown, the other, hoping to find it comprehensible, make it recognizable, in their own eyes and in the eyes of others. The word approach suggests both an active, physical movement towards something outside the self and the mental equivalent of that kind of movement (e.g. I\u27m trying to approach Alice Munro\u27s work.) It also suggests beginnings, and a basically linear movement, a movement towards something. Recognition implies a re-thinking; the outcome of the approach is that the other is no longer completely separate from the self; it can be fit into a scheme of thought and is given familiar qualities. In Munro\u27s work, of course, the self-aware protagonist realizes that the recognition is something limited, not a complete understanding; in fact, it may be something created by the self as a way of comfort, a hedge against what is essentially unknowable

The role of the notch signalling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis

The Notch signalling system is a highly conserved method of cell-to-cell communication involved in cell fate decisions in many cell types. Until recently, the importance of the Notch signalling pathway was recognized in the embryonic but not in the adult vasculature. This project has successfully identified the presence of components of this pathway in adult vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The effect of this pathway on serum deprivation- and cyclic strain-induced VSMC apoptosis has also been determined. This study reports that over-expression of components of the Notch signalling pathway results in a decrease in serum deprivation-induced VSMC apoptosis, whereas endogenous inhibition of the pathway increases apoptosis in these cells. The effect of the Notch signalling pathway on VSMC apoptosis is mediated, at least in part, in a CBF-1-dependent manner. A possible mechanism of the Notch signalling pathway regulation of apoptosis is through interaction with members of the Bcl-2 family of apoptotic proteins. Notch over-expression decreases pro-apoptotic bax, and increases anti-apoptotic bcl-xi expression in VSMC in a CBF-1-dependent manner. In addition, this study has shown previously unreported interaction of the Notch and NFkB signalling pathways in VSMC. Additionally, the effect of cyclic strain, a biomechanical force increased in many vascular disease states, was determined on components of the Notch signalling pathway and also on VSMC apoptosis. Increased cyclic strain results in decreased Notch signalling pathway component expression, and increased apoptosis. Over-expression of the Notch receptor, Notch 3, attenuates the cyclic strain-induced apoptosis in a bcl-xi-caspase 3-dependent manner. In vivo validation of the effects of altered biomechanical forces was performed through analysis of carotid artery, and hepatic portal vein, ligation models. In correlation with the in vitro results obtained, increased alterations in cyclic strain results in an inverse relationship between the Notch signalling pathway and apoptosis in the vessel. These findings may be relevant in the future management of vascular diseases

Cross-Disciplinary Faculty Perspectives On Experiential Learning

An on-line survey was conducted among a university’s department chairs in an effort to gain perspective on university-wide use of Experiential Learning (EL). While there were differences in cross-disciplinary definitions and perspectives regarding EL, ninety-one per cent of 35 department chairs indicated their department made use of EL with greatest use during the junior and senior years. EL is defined generally as a hands-on experience and/or learning by doing while cognitive activity, such as observation and reflection, is included in the definition by a third of the chairs. Eighty-eight per cent of the chairs believe students view EL as either “very beneficial” or “beneficial”

Congenic Mice Confirm That Collagen X Is Required for Proper Hematopoietic Development

The link between endochondral skeletal development and hematopoiesis in the marrow was established in the collagen X transgenic (Tg) and null (KO) mice. Disrupted function of collagen X, a major hypertrophic cartilage matrix protein, resulted in skeletal and hematopoietic defects in endochondrally derived tissues. Manifestation of the disease phenotype was variable, ranging from perinatal lethality in a subset of mice, to altered lymphopoiesis and impaired immunity in the surviving mice. To exclude contribution of strain specific modifiers to this variable manifestation of the skeleto-hematopoietic phenotype, C57Bl/6 and DBA/2J collagen X congenic lines were established. Comparable disease manifestations confirmed that the skeleto-hematopoietic alterations are an inherent outcome of disrupted collagen X function. Further, colony forming cell assays, complete blood count analysis, serum antibody ELISA, and organ outgrowth studies established altered lymphopoiesis in all collagen X Tg and KO mice and implicated opportunistic infection as a contributor to the severe disease phenotype. These data support a model where endochondral ossification-specific collagen X contributes to the establishment of a hematopoietic niche at the chondro-osseous junction

The 24-hr. recall and its application with an elderly population

A study was conducted to test the validity of a common nutrition survey technique, the 24-hr. recall, with an elderly population. Three hypotheses were developed: 1) For a group of ¬elderly subjects, the 24-hr. dietary recall reflects actual caloric consumptions 2) Recall ability concerning dietary intake is affected by the preference of the respondent for the foods to be recalled; and 3) Recall ability is affected by certain non-dietary factors - age, sex, education, health status, and meal site. The actual food intake for one meal was observed for 50 individuals 60 years of age and older who participated in federally sponsored congregate meals programs at two sites. A representative serving of each food item on the menu was weighed and measured. The plate waste for each individual was collected and measured and this amount was subtracted from the representative serving to give the total amount consumed. Spilling, sharing, or saving of food during the meal was noted. The following day each subject was interviewed. Included in this interview were a 24-hr. recall and a food preference survey for foods found in the observed meal. Social, demographic, and health information was also collected. The 24-hr. recall asks each respondent to describe all food and beverages consumed in the preceding 24 hour period along with the approximate portion size. Food models were used to assist the respondent in estimating portion size

The combined application of force under Article 2(4) and Article 51 of the United Nations Charter for cyber warfare : Examining and learning lessons from the Iranian cyber warfare threat to Saudi Arabi

This thesis is written by MONIRAH FAHAD ALHAMDAN on the combined application of force under Article 2(4) and Article 51 of the United Nations Charter for cyber warfare: Examining and learning lessons from the Iranian cyber warfare threat to Saudi Arabia. In the absence of formal international legal regulation on cyber warfare and cyber-attacks, countries must apply the traditional rules for determining whether an armed conflict exists (jus ad bellum) to this new type of conflict. Nonetheless, applying jus ad bellum norms to this issue is a very controversial matter. Article 2(4) of the UN Charter prohibits using force between states, whereas Article 51 makes an exception for self-defence against an armed attack. To what extent can these Articles be applied to prevent and punish the source of cyber operations? This and other questions will be discussed in this study. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) clarified the use of force in the Nicaragua case. Also, it recognised the right of self-defence in customary international law. Moreover, the present study is timely and significant because of the increased number of ‘cyber operations’ influencing other states, such as in the long-lasting regional struggle for power between Saudi Arabia and Iran. That regional struggle will provide the backdrop to this thesis, although global examples will also be examined. Also, to understand its responsibility and scope of cyber-attacks, this research will attempt to assess the lawfulness of the Security Council to authorize the use of cyber weapons as a tool to maintain peace and security in the world. This body of research will furthermore look into the jus ad bellum norms in Traditional Islamic Rules in a cyber-context. Moreover, it will help researchers do further research in applying international law norms to cyber operations. This thesis undertakes a robust doctrinal analysis of the existing exalt in this field and proposes some future developments. This thesis will not use measurements of quantity and amounts as its essential tools but instead a qualitative method

Keeping it real: Exploring an interdisciplinary breaking bad news role-play as an integrative learning opportunity.

Palliative care is a complex area of healthcare that is best delivered by an interdisciplinary team approach. Breaking bad news is an inherent part of caring for people with life-limiting conditions. The purpose of this study was to explore an interdisciplinary breaking bad news role-play in a palliative care module. The participants were undergraduate medical and nursing students. Qualitative data from focus groups, student and facilitator feedback and a role-play recording were thematically analysed. The findings revealed that the role-play led to increased understanding of and changes in attitudes towards key palliative care principles, interdisciplinary teamwork, and communication of bad news. There was evidence of increased self-awareness. The findings suggest that the interdisciplinary breaking bad news role-play was a rich integrative learning experience that was valued by students

Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin, December 1968

President\u27s Message Officers and Committee Chairman Financial Report Report to Alumnae Association Annual Report to Alumnae Association School of Practical Nursing Report Student Activities Nursing Service Staff Association Letter from Vietnam Resume of Alumnae Meetings Ways and Means Report Social Committee Building Fund Report Bulletin Committee Report Class News Notice

Neural correlates of true and false memory in mild cognitive impairment

The goal of this research was to investigate the changes in neural processing in mild cognitive impairment. We measured phase synchrony, amplitudes, and event-related potentials in veridical and false memory to determine whether these differed in participants with mild cognitive impairment compared with typical, age-matched controls. Empirical mode decomposition phase locking analysis was used to assess synchrony, which is the first time this analysis technique has been applied in a complex cognitive task such as memory processing. The technique allowed assessment of changes in frontal and parietal cortex connectivity over time during a memory task, without a priori selection of frequency ranges, which has been shown previously to influence synchrony detection. Phase synchrony differed significantly in its timing and degree between participant groups in the theta and alpha frequency ranges. Timing differences suggested greater dependence on gist memory in the presence of mild cognitive impairment. The group with mild cognitive impairment had significantly more frontal theta phase locking than the controls in the absence of a significant behavioural difference in the task, providing new evidence for compensatory processing in the former group. Both groups showed greater frontal phase locking during false than true memory, suggesting increased searching when no actual memory trace was found. Significant inter-group differences in frontal alpha phase locking provided support for a role for lower and upper alpha oscillations in memory processing. Finally, fronto-parietal interaction was significantly reduced in the group with mild cognitive impairment, supporting the notion that mild cognitive impairment could represent an early stage in Alzheimer’s disease, which has been described as a ‘disconnection syndrome’

How much do delayed health care seeking, delayed care provision and diversion from primary care contribute to the transmission of STIs

Objectives: To explore the changing pattern of condom use from 1990 to 2000; to identify sociodemographic and behavioural factors associated with condom use; and reasons for condom use in 2000. Methods: Large probability sample surveys administered among those resident in Britain aged 16–44 (n = 13 765 in 1990, n = 11 161 in 2000). Face to face interviews with self completion components collected sociodemographic, behavioural, and attitudinal data. Results: Condom use in the past year among sexually active 16–24 year old men increased from 61.0% in 1990 to 82.1% in 2000 (p<0.0001), and from 42.0% to 63.2% (p<0.0001) among women of the same age, with smaller increases among older age groups. Among individuals reporting at least two partners in the previous 4 week period, approximately two thirds reported inconsistent or no condom use (63.1% (95% CI 55.9% to 69.8%) of the men and 68.5% (95% CI 57.6% to 77.7%) of the women). Conclusions: Rates of condom use increased substantially between 1990 and 2000, particularly among young people. However, inconsistent condom use by individuals with high rates of partner acquisition may contribute significantly to the recent resurgence in STIs. This group is an important target for intensive and specific sexual health interventions