Role of Libraries in Higher Education: A review of Literature

Libraries play a major role in providing quality education and research support in any higher education institution. They serve information to the students and faculty. The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is an autonomous body established by the University Grants Commission (UGC) to assess and accredit higher education institutions in India. NAAC for the past eight years has been stressing on library as one of the important parameters to assess a higher education institution. This literature review explores the publications which deal with the relationship between NAAC and the libraries. The selected literatures are published between 2009 and 2023

Anomalous fertilization in haploidy inducer lines in maize (Zea mays L)

A detailed investigation was carried out to study the exact cause and the sequence of events leading to the origin of high frequency of haploids in the high haploidy inducer lines (Stock 6 lines) in maize (Zea mays L). Microtome sections and isolated embryo sacs were observed to understand the fertilization process in maize. These studies helped in understanding the normal fertilization process and also in tracing out a few anomalous fertilization events in these ovules. The study indicated that, haploid embryos in these lines arise due to a failure in the fusion of the sperm nucleus and the egg cell, after the release of sperm nuclei from synergid into the embryo sac, with the egg cell being induced to develop parthenogenetically into a haploid embryo

Immunogenic Modulations Induced by Prospective Anti-Malarial Herbal Extracts in Murine Model

Keeping in view the ever increasing problem of drug resistance and affordability of the antimalarial drugs by the poor mass, herbal medicines can become an important and alternative sustainable strategy for malaria treatment. Aqueous extracts of three Himalayan herbs― _Equisetum ravense_, _Artemisia vulgaris_ and _Centella asiatica_, with reported antimalarial property were screened for clinical efficacy against a local strain of _Plasmodium vivax_ antigen in murine model. _E. arvense_ extract was consistent in boosting phagocytic activity, nitric oxide generation, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the peritoneal macrophages. The effectiveness of the rest herbals was discrete. A need for further detailed investigation to evaluate the clinical efficacy of these herbals seems essential

T11 target structure exerts effector function by activating immune cells in CNS against glioma where cytokine modulation provide favorable microenvironment

879-888Glycoprotein T 11 target structure (T11TS), derived from sheep erythrocyte membrane, directly interacts with T cells to activate them to enter in the brain. When untreated, glioma exerts an immune-suppressive environment in its vicinity by secreting prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-10, tumor growth factor , gangliosides etc. to dampen the immune attack. But exogenous administration of T11TS reverses the situation to pro-inflammatory immune active state by expressing enhanced IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) production and suppression of IL-4 and IL-10 levels. The T11TS activated lymphocytic accumulation along the capillary endothelium in brain and their penetration in the matrix was evident from histological sections. IL-6 with TNF- facilitates leukocyte migration to glioma site to exert cytotoxic effector function. Brain infiltrated lymphocytes offer cytotoxic proximity to neoplastic glial cells, which lead them to apoptosis. In the Th1 dominated microenvironment microglial cells was found with enhanced phagocytic functions. Initially infiltrated lymphocytes with microglia showed increased production of TNF-, interferon (IFN-) to facilitate their effector actions. Repeated dosing of T11TS shows glioma abrogation in rat model, but also a resurgence of anti-inflammatory cytokine environment found with increased IL-4, IL-10 and decreased IL-12, IL-6, TNF-. This is a unique homeostatic regulation of total immune system after T11TS mediated carnage of glioma. The resultant balance of cytokines between interacting glioma cells, T cells and microglia in T11TS induced condition determines the success of its immunotherapeutic effect in glioma

Brain tumor inhibition in experimental model by restorative immunotherapy with a corpuscular antigen

805-813<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-in;mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-IN">In view of the advances in our understanding of anti-tumor immune response, it is now tempting to contemplate the development of immunotherapies for malignant brain tumors, for which no effective treatment exists. Immunotherapy, with agents known as biological response modifiers (BRMs) are thus gaining increasing interest as the fourth modality of treatment. A non -specific BRM, sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) when administered (ip, 7% PCV/V, 0.5 ml) in a group of animals at the end of seventh month of ethylnitrosourea administration, resulted in significant increase in the mean survival time (&gt;350 days). Studies conducted for growth kinetics pattern with proliferation index and fluorochrome (HO - 33342) uptake techniques at the tissue culture level exhibited a regulatory inhibition of the cells isolated from tissue excised from the tumor susceptible area of brain of SRBC treated animals. Moreover, histological examination of brain from animals showed immunomodulatory role of SRBC in experimentally induced brain tumor. Further probe into the mechanisms involving immunological investigations at the cellular level in these animals indicated an augmented and potentiated cell mediated immune response (CMI) as evidenced by enhanced spontaneous rosette forming capacity and cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes and neutrophil (PMN) mediated phagocytosis respectively. The observations suggest that SRBC down regulate malignant growth pattern of experimental brain tumors either by an immunologically enhanced killing of tumor cells and/or by directly inhibiting the tumor growth possibly via a stimulated cytokine network. Thus, a corpuscular antigen, can potentiate CMI response in experimentally induced brain tumor animal model, in which response induced in the periphery are able to mediate anti-tumor effects in the brain.</span

A multivariate statistical study of copper mineralization in the central section of Mosaboni Mine, Eastern Singhbhum, India

A multivariate statistical analysis was carried out with log-transformed values of Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn, Ag, Cr, Mn, Ca, and Sr in several sets of samples collected across the mineralized base metal zone in sheared soda granite, feldspathic schist, and chlorite schist from the central section of Mosaboni Mine of the famous Singhbhum Copper Belt of eastern India. Linear correlation coefficient matrices of two sets of ore samples (&#62;0.5% Cu) - one from levels 18 and 21 and the other from levels 25 and 28-indicate two well-defined and distinct clusters comprising Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, and Zn on one hand and Ca, Sr, and Mn on the other. Varimax-rotatedR-mode factor analysis of two above-noted sample sets, taken along with available geologic information, indicates that over 80% of the variability in data matrices for 9-10 elements can be accounted for by four distinct processes: (a) an early phase of copper mineralization which apparently replaced Mn, Ca, and Sr in the host rock; (b) a silicate-cum-oxide phase of crystallization/recrystallization of host rock; (c) remobilization of sulfide-forming ore elements (Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, and Zn); and (d) a phase of mineralization of Ag which appears to have replaced Cr, Ca and Cu. Process (c) was quantitatively most important. Factor score studies are suggestive of preferred introduction of Ni, Co, Pb, and Zn along central parts of preexisting copper-mineralized zones