Preparation of Acetic Esters of Some Higher Alcohols

The preparation of the lower esters of acetic acid using the acid and alcohol, has been utilized for a long time. It has also been known that the velocity of esterification is greatly increased by the addition of hydrogen ions. Esters have also been prepared by the passing of the vapors of acetic acid and alcohol over a heated catalyst such as Al2O2, ThO2 or TiO2. Several theories have been advanced for the mechanism of the reaction, especially catalysis, by the hydrogen ion in the liquid phase reactions

Wood Anatomy of \u3ci\u3eAmanoa\u3c/i\u3e (Euphorbiaceae)

Wood anatomy of 29 specimens of seven species of Amanoa from tropical Africa, South America, and the Caribbean is described. The wood is diffuse-porous with most vessels in short radical multiples. Vessel elements are notably long, have simple perforation plates and small, alternative intervessel pits; tyloses are present in heartwood. Libriform wood fibres bear thick walls. Axial parenchyma distribution is diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates. Chambered crystalliferous axial parenchyma is common. Rays are heterocellular, narrow, and very tall. The species examined, all from moist lowland forests, have similar wood structure. Wood of Amanoa resembles that of other primitive Euphorbiaceae

Synergistic Monitoring – Addressing the Threats and Identifying Opportunities

For many years, land managers and scientists have been applying a variety of land treatments to improve or protect rangeland ecosystems. Collectively, we have studied the response of these treatments and wildfire events to identify opportunities for maintaining or improving Nevada sagebrush ecosystem health and functionality. In partnership with collaborators, we initiated a State-wide effort to capture, consolidate, and summarize implementation, monitoring, and research information for these events. We are conducting field studies to identify and fill information gaps. We seek a new and expanded information base that is available to Nevada land managers, scientists, and others interested in healthy and resilient sagebrush sites. We plan to identify the consequences of passive and active management; develop predictive tools for adaptive management; identify research needs; and increase accessibility to location, implementation and monitoring information for these events. Through the collaborative integration of our field study results with historic and current research and monitoring information, we seek to increase knowledge of landscape-level and site-specific ecological processes. This will further develop our ability to manage and predict rangeland health, integrity, resilience (after disturbance), and resistance (to undesired change under significant disturbance regimes) in the context of multiple-use management

Mill trial of enzyme treatment of broke

"March 1, 1979.""The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Robert A. Stratton, research associate, John W. Swanson, director, Surface and Colloid Science Center.

Cylindrical surface profile and diameter measuring tool and method

A tool is shown having a cross beam assembly made of beams joined by a center box structure. The assembly is adapted to be mounted by brackets to the outer end of a cylindrical case. The center box structure has a vertical shaft rotatably mounted therein and extending beneath the assembly. Secured to the vertical shaft is a radius arm which is adapted to rotate with the shaft. On the longer end of the radius arm is a measuring tip which contacts the cylindrical surface to be measured and which provides an electric signal representing the radius of the cylindrical surface from the center of rotation of the radius arm. An electric servomotor rotates the vertical shaft and an electronic resolver provides an electric signal representing the angle of rotation of the shaft. The electric signals are provided to a computer station which has software for its computer to calculate and print out the continuous circumference profile of the cylindrical surface, and give its true diameter and the deviations from the ideal circle

Stereospecific aliphatic hydroxylation upon photoreduction of iron (III)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22203/1/0000634.pd

Mass propagation techniques for Aspen clones. Project 2987 report one : a progress report to U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service North Central Forest Experiment Station

"November 11, 1971.""Institute of Paper Chemistry ... Miles K. Benson ... Dean W. Einspahr ... John W. Swanson.

Clonal propagation of Aspen from tissue culture. Project 2351, report ten : a progress report to Pioneering Research Committee

"October 15, 1970.""Institute of Paper Chemistry ... Lawson L. Winton ... Dean W. Einspahr ... John W. Swanson.

Bark and wood properties of pulpwood species as related to separation and segregation of chip/bark mixtures. Project 3212, report two : a progress report to members of Group Project 3212

"February 14, 1975.""Members of Project 3212: Abitibi Paper Company, Ltd., Blandin Paper Company, the Procter and Gamble Company, Scott Paper Company, Weyerhaeuser Company.""The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Marianne L. Harder, research assistant, John D. Hankey, research associate, Dean W. Einspahr, senior research associate, and John W. Swanson, director, Division of Natural Materials and Systems.