The Raman spectroscopy of ionic liquids : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Chemical Physics at Massey University, New Zealand

Raman and infrared spectra were recorded for the ionic liquids [CH3N(C4H8)Bu]+[(F3CSO2)2N]-, [Et3NH]+[(octyl)PO2H]-, [Bu4N]+[(hexyl)PO2H]-, and [Bu4P]+[(octyl)2PO2]- and was compared to spectra calculated by Gaussian 03 using the density functional theory method B3LYP. The experimental and calculated spectra were found to be very similar, indicating that no underlying anomalous effects were perturbing the vibrational modes. The peaks of the experimental and calculated Raman and infrared spectra were found to be broad and intertwined, because of the close proximity of numerous vibrational bands. The differential and absolute scattering cross sections of selected bands of the ionic liquids were determined using a method of comparing the area of the ionic liquid’s peak to standards of known cross section (cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile). Differential and absolute cross sections were determined experimentally at wavelengths 416 nm, 487 nm, 514 nm, 532 nm and 633 nm. A-term plots were constructed with these results to obtain the coupling constant and the effective excited state energy. These parameters allowed the calculation of the differential and absolute scattering cross sections at any wavelength. This project is the first in a series of investigations to determine the electron transfer rate of ionic liquids and determine their suitability as materials in new devices

The natural resources of Esteros Americano and de San Antonio

One of a Coastal Wetland Series, this report is a synthesis of information accumulated on wetland areas of which little was known until the last two decades. It is hoped that the knowledge herein will aid local and state agencies and governments in their efforts to create sound plans for the preservation, management and wise use of the natural resources of the esteros; and, at the same time, to perpetuate the present uses of the surrounding agricultural lands which also are becoming a threatened resources in northern coastal California. This report, then, will: 1) document the natural resources of the Esteros Americano and de San Antonio; 2) substantiate uses of those resources; 3) discuss problems and conflicts of existing and potential uses as they affect the resources; and 4) recommend measures to protect, maintain and enhance these important wetland resources. (145 pp.

Wildlife Utilization of Stock Ponds in Minnehaha County, South Dakota

Introduction: Man’s agricultural activities in South Dakota have greatly altered environmental conditions for nearly all forms of wildlife. Draining and ditching in eastern South Dakota have decreased the acreage of wetlands available to waterfowl and furbearers. Results of conversation practices carried out under the Agricultural Conservation Program as reported by the U. S. Department of Agriculture (1) show that between 1936 and 1937 South Dakota farmers had drained 760,198 acres. Drainage of wetland areas changed once valuable wildlife habitat into drylands which are of little value to waterfowl and furbearers. Waterfowl breeding grounds have been so greatly reduced that few natural breeding grounds remain in southeastern South Dakota. (See More in Text

Seismic response analysis for raised access floor and computer equipment systems considering vertical ground motions

A project in Civil EngineeringThe damage and failure of computer equipment typically supported by raised access floors in critical data processing facilities could have serious safety and economic implications. Current design provisions provide general guidance on how to estimate the seismic demand on non-structural elements within a structure. However, the possible lack of conservatism is of particular concern at locations near active faults where the vertical ground motion components have high amplitudes. Through reduced-order simplified modeling of a frame building and its raised access floors and computer equipment, findings are presented on the insufficiencies of current industrial spectra considering a suite of risk-targeted ground motions with both vertical and horizontal components. Excessive seismic axial force demands are found for both access floors and computer equipment. This investigation concludes that caution should be taken for seismic qualification and design of raised access floor and computer equipment systems considering vertical ground motions

Structural efficiency study of composite wing rib structures

A series of short stiffened panel designs which may be applied to a preliminary design assessment of an aircraft wing rib is presented. The computer program PASCO is used as the primary design and analysis tool to assess the structural efficiency and geometry of a tailored corrugated panel, a corrugated panel with a continuous laminate, a hat stiffened panel, a blade stiffened panel, and an unstiffened flat plate. To correct some of the shortcomings in the PASCO analysis when shear is present, a two step iterative process using the computer program VICON is used. The loadings considered include combinations of axial compression, shear, and lateral pressure. The loading ranges considered are broad enough such that the designs presented may be applied to other stiffened panel applications. An assessment is made of laminate variations, increased spacing, and nonoptimum geometric variations, including a beaded panel, on the design of the panels

Dakotah Poesy (1988)

A literary magazine presenting the creative work of the students, staff, and friends of Dakota State Colleg