Derivation of the UK national and regional runoff series

This technical report details the derivation and updating of the daily and monthly outflow series for the UK and its constituent parts. These series are widely exploited in the National Hydrological Monitoring Programme (NHMP), to meet international data exchange obligations, and in an extensive range of research applications particularly those relating to the detection and quantification of hydrological trends at the macro scale. The selection criteria for the individual gauging stations which provide the basis for the calculation of the national and regional outflow series are discussed together with the methodology used to assess flows for the ungauged areas in each domain (here taken to include both national and regional divisions) and thence to derive a time series of total daily outflows for the post‑1960 period

Giant pop-ins and amorphization in germanium during indentation

Sudden excursions of unusually large magnitude (>1 μm), “giant pop-ins,” have been observed in the force-displacement curve for high load indentation of crystalline germanium(Ge). A range of techniques including Raman microspectroscopy, focused ion-beam cross sectioning, and transmission electron microscopy, are applied to study this phenomenon. Amorphous material is observed in residual indents following the giant pop-in. The giant pop-in is shown to be a material removal event, triggered by the development of shallow lateral cracks adjacent to the indent. Enhanced depth recovery, or “elbowing,” observed in the force-displacement curve following the giant pop-in is explained in terms of a compliant response of plates of material around the indent detached by lateral cracking. The possible causes of amorphization are discussed, and the implications in light of earlier indentation studies of Ge are considered

National peak flow data - what next?

Records of peak river flow are vital for developing our understanding of the flood events and improving our ability to predict, manage and mitigate their impact. The beginning of the 21st century has seen both a heightened demand for hydrometric information and technological advances in data collection, management and exchange. These developments pose challenges, but also significant opportunities, for improving the way we integrate, communicate and use hydrometric information. In April 2014, responsibility for the provision of UK national flood peak data was transferred from the HiFlows-UK initiative to the National River Flow Archive (NRFA), which is maintained by CEH working in partnership with the UK’s hydrometric measuring authorities (EA, SEPA, NRW and Rivers Agency). Provision of flood peak data is in the process of being integrated with existing services for daily mean flow data, providing for the first time a single national portal for key UK hydrometric information. These developments are however, only the start. Much remains to be done to maximise the potential of our national data. While significant updates to flow and metadata records for many gauging stations have recently been completed by JBA Consulting, the need to review, revise and update the archive remains a perpetual requirement. Furthermore the integration of the national databases provides new opportunities for enhanced tools and services, designed to meet user’s changing data needs. This poster presents an update on recent developments and provide the user community with an opportunity to challenge the theory and practice of what comes next

Marketing forest products in New Hampshire, Station Bulletin, no.420

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Buying practices of wood-using industries in New Hampshire, Station Bulletin, no.433

The Bulletin is a publication of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire

Indentation-Induced Damage Mechanisms in Germanium

The response of crystalline Ge to indentation has been studied over a range of maximum loads. At a certain load, an unusual 'giant pop-in' event occurs, in which a discontinuous extension of >1 μm is observed in the force-displacement curve. In such cas

Rate-dependent phase transformations in nanoindented germanium

There is considerable controversy over the deformation behavior of germanium(Ge) under nanoindentation using a sharp diamond tip, with a diverse range of observations that suggest competing mechanisms. Here we show the deformation mechanism of Ge can be controlled by the rate of applied load. Loading rate is varied over three orders of magnitude using depth-sensing nanoindentation. At slow loading rates, shear-induced plasticity is observed. At rapid loading rates (>100 mN s¯¹), pressure-induced phase transformations are detected by ex situ micro-Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. This switch in the deformation mechanism is due to the differing rate sensitivities of the respective deformation modes, shear-induced plasticity or pressure-induced phase transformation

Needs or rights? A challenge to the discourse of special education

It is nearly 30 years since Mary Warnock's Report of the Committee of Enquiry into the Education of Handicapped Children and Young People introduced the phrase ‘special educational needs’ into the UK education system. In this article, Katherine Runswick-Cole, Research Associate at Manchester Metropolitan University, and Nick Hodge, Principal Lecturer in Research Development at Sheffield Hallam University, argue for the abandonment of the ‘special needs’ discourse, claiming that it has, in fact, led to exclusionary practices within education. Building on the work of early years educators in Reggio Emilia schools in Northern Italy, the authors advocate for the adoption of the phrase ‘educational rights’ and suggest that the positive impact of such a linguistic turn would be significant for the lives of young people currently described as having ‘special educational needs’ and for children's rights

Infrared spectroscopy of intermediate mass young stellar objects

In this paper we present Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectroscopy for 14 intermediate-mass young stellar objects. We use Spitzer spectroscopy to investigate the physical properties of these sources and their environments. Our sample can be divided into two types of objects: young isolated, embedded objects with spectra that are dominated by ice and silicate absorption bands, and more evolved objects that are dominated by extended emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pure H2 rotational lines. We are able to constrain the illuminating FUV fields by classifying the PAH bands below 9micron. For most of the sources we are able to detect several atomic fine structure lines. In particular, the [NeII] line appearing in two regions could originate from unresolved photodissociation regions (PDRs) or J-shocks. We relate the identified spectral features to observations obtained from NIR through submillimeter imaging. The spatial extent of several H2 and PAH bands is matched with morphologies identified in previous Spitzer/IRAC observations. This also allows us to distinguish between the different H2 excitation mechanisms. In addition, we calculate the optical extinction from the silicate bands and use this to constrain the spectral energy distribution fit, allowing us to estimate the masses of these YSOs.Comment: 21 pages, 26 figures, accepted to Ap