Effect of platinum nanoparticles on morphological parameters of spring wheat seedlings in a substrate-plant system

When wheat is cultivated in the media contaminated with platinum nanoparticles, the change in the morphological and physiological indexes of wheat seedlings depends on the physico-chemical parameters of the germination substrate. The changes become less pronounced with the decreasing bioaccessability of the nanomaterial in the following order: water suspension – luvisols – phaeozems. Contamination with nanoparticles affects the height parameters and activates the mechanisms protecting the plant from stress. When using wheat seedlings as test organisms for biotesting the environmental safety of NPs, it is advisable to use the following parameters: weight of roots, weight of aerial part, leaf area, and flavonoid content

Influence of superfine materials on the vegetative reproduction of black currant

We studied the influence of superfine materials on the rooting ability and development of softwood cuttings of Ribes nigrum. The inhibiting effect of the soil amended with ZnO and Pt nanoparticles at the concentration of 5 mg/kg of substrate on the rhizogenesis of black currant cuttings was stated. On adding the suspension of ZnO nanoparticles the rooting ability of cuttings decreased by 32.3 %, and under the influence of Pt nanoparticles – by 41.4 %. The decrease in the morphometric parameters of development of the cuttings’ above-ground part and roots (growth amount, number of cratches and leaves, number of roots and their length) was observed. The change in the biochemical composition of leaves in the cuttings was stated. In the replication with zinc oxide the concentration of chlorophyll in leaves significantly decreased by 21.8 %. Under the influence of Pt the concentration of flavonoids in leaves increased by 48.8 %

Influence of superfine materials on the vegetative reproduction of black currant

We studied the influence of superfine materials on the rooting ability and development of softwood cuttings of Ribes nigrum. The inhibiting effect of the soil amended with ZnO and Pt nanoparticles at the concentration of 5 mg/kg of substrate on the rhizogenesis of black currant cuttings was stated. On adding the suspension of ZnO nanoparticles the rooting ability of cuttings decreased by 32.3 %, and under the influence of Pt nanoparticles – by 41.4 %. The decrease in the morphometric parameters of development of the cuttings’ above-ground part and roots (growth amount, number of cratches and leaves, number of roots and their length) was observed. The change in the biochemical composition of leaves in the cuttings was stated. In the replication with zinc oxide the concentration of chlorophyll in leaves significantly decreased by 21.8 %. Under the influence of Pt the concentration of flavonoids in leaves increased by 48.8 %

Evaluation and comparison of the genetic structure of Bunias orientalis populations in their native range and two non-native ranges

We studied the invasive warty cabbage Bunias orientalis (Brassicaceae) in three geographically distinct areas. Using inter-simple sequence repeat fingerprinting, we analyzed warty cabbages, including non-native populations, from the eastern Baltic and western Siberian regions and native populations from southwestern Russia. The eastern Baltic region and western Siberia represent the two opposite directions of B. orientalis spread in climatically different zones. The genetic structures of the native and non-native B. orientalis populations were assessed through analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and the Bayesian clustering method and by determining the main measures of genetic diversity. AMOVA revealed considerable population differentiation in both the native and invasive ranges. Our results did not indicate a decrease in genetic diversity in the non-native populations of B. orientalis. Similar measures of genetic diversity and genetic structure were determined in the invasive populations in two geographically and ecologically distinct, non-native regions located in Europe and Asia. In both of these regions, higher genetic diversity was detected in the non-native populations than in the native region populations, which may be due to multiple introductions. However, Bayesian clustering analysis revealed slightly different sources of invasive populations in the two non-native regions. Genetic diversity patterns revealed the lack of isolation by distance between populations and confirmed the influence of anthropogenic factors on the spread of B. orientalis. The significance of native populations as germplasm resources for breeding is discussed

Effect of platinum nanoparticles on morphological parameters of spring wheat seedlings in a substrate-plant system

When wheat is cultivated in the media contaminated with platinum nanoparticles, the change in the morphological and physiological indexes of wheat seedlings depends on the physico-chemical parameters of the germination substrate. The changes become less pronounced with the decreasing bioaccessability of the nanomaterial in the following order: water suspension – luvisols – phaeozems. Contamination with nanoparticles affects the height parameters and activates the mechanisms protecting the plant from stress. When using wheat seedlings as test organisms for biotesting the environmental safety of NPs, it is advisable to use the following parameters: weight of roots, weight of aerial part, leaf area, and flavonoid content

Prophylactic thyroidectomy results among RET germline mutation bearers in families with hereditary forms of medullary thyroid cancer

Genetically caused medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is associated with unfavorable survival prognosis, so it makes necessary to develop new diagnostic techniques to reveal pre-clinical stage of disease as well as to introduce into clinical practice the effective method of tumor prevention. The article represents first in Russia summary clinical experience of prophylactic thyroidectomy have been executed in the period 1998 – 2015 yeas among ten bearers of RET gene germlinemutation in families with hereditary disease including syndrome MEN2A and familial MTC. Aim: to evaluate the results of surgical treatment of asymptomatic carriers of germinal mutations in the RET gene. Materials and methods. In the period from 1998 to 2015, in two centers: N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow and A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Obninsk was conducted prophylactic surgical treatment in 10 patients – asymptomatic carriers of germinal mutations in RET. Age of patients – from 2 to 23 years old. 9 patients – from families with the syndrome of multiple endocrineneoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), one – with the family of MTC. According to genealogy in 9 families of patients there have been cases of death from MTC or pheochromocytoma (PC). In all cases, surgical treatment was performed in a volume of TE, two patients additionally performed lymph node dissection VI level. The observation period after surgery ranged from 6 months to 16 years. Results. DNA diagnostics in 8 patients identified a mutation in exon 11, in one case – in exon 10 and one patient had revealed two mutations in exons 13 and 14. The age of patients ranged from 2 to 23 years. Basal calcitonin level was elevated in 7 of 10 patients. Such prophylactic TE in 2 patients was supplemented by selective lymph node dissection. Histological examination of the removal of the thyroid gland (TG) revealed foci of medullary cancer in 6 of 10. At 2 patients revealed a C-cell hyperplasia and at 2 patients were found signs of the well expressed and weakly expressed sclerosis in thyroid tissue. The earliest age to identify MTC was a child 3 years old, mutations in codon 634, from a family where relatives observed for aggressive MTC. In the course of follow-recurrence was detected in one patient, a child of 15 years, a similar mutation carrier. Conclusion. In view of the risk of MTC developing identifying a mutation in RET gene and preventive TE should be carried out as soon as possible. The high risk of MTC developing in RET-gene positive subjects was confirmed in this study (6 cases of cancer from 10 patients)

Current Approaches in Management of Patients with Hypophosphatasia

he authors present the latest data on the hypophosphatasia (HPP) management in children. Hypophosphatasia is a rare genetic disease caused by deficiency of tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase due to mutation in the ALPL gene. The article covers all the features of epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis, detailed stages of differential diagnostics. Treatment guidelines for pediatric patients are provided, they are based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. Special attention was given to the only effective method of hypophosphatasia management —enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). This material is the clinical guideline draft for the management of patients with hypophosphatasia prepared by the Union of Pediatricians of Russia and the Association of Medical Geneticists

Homocystinuria in Children

Homocystinuria is a genetically heterogeneous hereditary disease from the group of aminoacidopathies caused by a metabolic disorder of  sulphur-containing amino acids, primarily methionine. The article  presents the etiopathogenetic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this disease and covers modern opportunities of biochemical and molecular  diagnostics. The approach to dietary and pharmacological correction of  metabolic disorders in homocystinuria and the general strategy of  patients’ management are described in detail. Important information is given for physicians of various disciplines and parents of patients

Современные подходы к ведению пациентов с гипофосфатазией

he authors present the latest data on the hypophosphatasia (HPP) management in children. Hypophosphatasia is a rare genetic disease caused by deficiency of tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase due to mutation in the ALPL gene. The article covers all the features of epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis, detailed stages of differential diagnostics. Treatment guidelines for pediatric patients are provided, they are based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. Special attention was given to the only effective method of hypophosphatasia management —enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). This material is the clinical guideline draft for the management of patients with hypophosphatasia prepared by the Union of Pediatricians of Russia and the Association of Medical Geneticists.Авторами представлены новейшие данные по ведению гипофосфатазии у детей. Гипофосфатазия — редкое генетическое заболевание, обусловленное дефицитом тканенеспецифической щелочной фосфатазы в результате мутации в гене ALPL. В статье отражены особенности эпидемиологии, этиологии и патогенеза, подробно освещаются этапы дифференциально-диагностического поиска. Для пациентов детского возраста приведены рекомендации по лече- нию, основанные на принципах доказательной медицины. Особое внимание уделено единственному эффективному методу лечения гипофосфатазии — ферментозаместительной терапии. Представленный материал является проектом клинических рекомендаций по ведению пациентов с гипофосфатазией Союза педиатров России и Ассоциации медицинских генетиков

Современные подходы к ведению детей с гипофосфатазией

Hypophosphatasia is rare genetic disease caused by tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase deficiency due to the mutation in the ALPL gene. Disease can manifest in utero, in childhood or in adults depending on its form and severity. This article presents modern data on the epidemiology, etiology, and clinical signs of hypophosphatasia in children, covers in details differential diagnostic search, and gives guidelines for its evidence-based treatment. Without timely treatment the prognosis of the disease is unfavorable in most cases. Such patients require follow-up by multidisciplinary team of physicians. The only effective method of treatment is enzyme replacement therapy with asfotase alfa. Symptomatic therapy is also crucial as well as physiotherapeutic procedures and therapeutic exercise programs (at rehabilitation stage).Гипофосфатазия — редкое генетическое заболевание, обусловленное дефицитом тканенеспецифической щелочной фосфатазы в результате мутации в гене ALPL. В зависимости от формы и тяжести болезнь может дебютировать внутриутробно, в детском возрасте или у взрослых. В статье представлены современные сведения об эпидемиологии, этиологии и клинических проявлениях гипофосфатазии у детей, подробно освещаются этапы дифференциально-диагностического поиска, приведены рекомендации по лечению, основанные на принципах доказательной медицины. При отсутствии своевременного лечения прогноз болезни в большинстве случаев неблагоприятный для жизни. Пациенты нуждаются в наблюдении мультидисциплинарной командой врачей. Единственным эффективным методом лечения является ферментозаместительная терапия асфотазой альфа; необходимо также проводить симптоматическую терапию, а при реабилитации пациентов использовать физиотерапевтические процедуры и лечебные физкультурные комплексы упражнений