Assessment of the balance degree of loan companies banking policy

Achieving a balance in the management of banking transactions in the crisis tendencies in the national banking system becomes a priority for bank management. The need for finding a solution to this problem is determined by the persistence in the national banking sector a number of dislocations caused by narrowing of the resource base of loan companies, by low efficiency of bank capital allocation, and high-risk credit policy. These dislocations determine the imbalance of the banks’ policies and cause the strengthening of the financial sector of point defaults, which inevitably lead to the systemic risk of the entire banking sector activities. The solution of the designated problem requires the development of methodological tools and allows us to give a comprehensive assessment of the balance of the banking policy of loan companies and to take timely organizational actions. In this article the authors proved the approach to assessing the balance of the banks’ policies, based on a comprehensive analysis of the balance between active and passive banking operations, including liquidity, stability, profitability as well as risks and assets’ quality. The assessment is made through calculating the coefficients and indicators for the above criteria groups that allows ranging loan companies depending on the actual value of the resulting final indicators in banks with: 1) high-balanced; 2) satisfactory-balanced; 3) low-balanced bank policy.peer-reviewe

Entrepreneurial activity and family business in the period of reformation of the Russian legislation

Many sciences meet in the study of family business as a real phenomenon. Despite the fact that in most countries of the world, family business is a rather widespread and highly demanded legal phenomenon, in Russia family business is realized not so often and for the most part, remains strange for an ordinary entrepreneur. Family business in Russia seems to be a phenomenon that is not studied completely but requires special attention. Objective of the research: determination of the essence and main tendencies of the development of legal regulation of the entrepreneurial activity and family business in the period of reformation of the Russian legislation. This scientific research applied a dialectical method of cognition of legal processes and phenomena, used the general scientific methods of scientific cognition of the legal essence of entrepreneurial activity and family business, in particular, a historical method, a method of synthesis, analogy, formal logics, and also specific scientific methods of research of family business and business processes in the post-reform period. Results and novelty: Family business shall be a systemic element that connects the state with small and medium businesses. The introduction of such a form of business activity (family business) shall eliminate the problems and defects of legal regulation of issues arising when business is carried out by family members. It seems necessary to consider the entrepreneurial activity and family business as individual economic and legal phenomena and a grounding of family business as an independent complex legal institution. It is offered to specify the family (spouse) business as a legal entity in the law. Such changes are directed to the efficient legal regulation and establishment of economic conditions for strengthening of family business and development of the family as a social and economic community. The features of the special legal regime of the entrepreneurial activity of spouses are revealed

Этические ракурсы цифровизации образования: единство социальных, культурных и философских аспектов

The article is aimed at determining the place of ethical issues within the frame of digitalization in education. To achieve this objective, a generalization of secondary sociological data and logical analysis together with elements of phenomenological reflection were used as the main methods. The authors applied the content analysis tools to various kinds of publications as well as to the survey data obtained by scholars of the Department of Philosophy, Sociology and Religious Studies at the V. P. Astafyev KSPU. A range of objections to digitalization were divided into groups and the most important issues of deep concern to the participants of the educational process were identified. The ethical challenges have been shown not to indicate the incompatibility of digital technologies with human qualities, though the lack of experience due to the force-majeure situation in which innovations are taking place is obvious. Social and moral capacity of the digitalization in education, furthermore, was demonstrated. Also, the distance learning format was judged to be valuable as some space for monitoring the educational process. The digitalization of education is a promising strategy that contributes to the development towards the prevalence of intangible values, although gives rise to a wide range of moral collisionsВ статье проясняется место этических проблем в структуре цифровизации образования. При решении поставленной задачи в качестве основных использовались такие методы, как обобщение вторичных социологических данных и логический анализ в сочетании с элементами феноменологической рефлексии. Был предпринят контент-анализ различного рода публикаций, а также данных опроса, полученных сотрудниками кафедры философии, социологии и религиоведения КГПУ им. В. П. Астафьева. Весь массив возражений, выдвигаемых против цифровизации, был разделен на группы, и были определены наиболее важные вопросы, волнующие участников образовательного процесса. Показано, что возникновение этических проблем не говорит о несовместимости цифровых технологий с человеческими качествами, однако имеет место отсутствие достаточного опыта, проявившееся в форс-мажорной ситуации, в которой происходят инновации. Напротив, продемонстрирован социальный и моральный потенциал цифровизации образования. Кроме того, формат дистанционного обучения оказался ценным в качестве пространства для мониторинга образовательного процесса. Цифровизация образования является многообещающей стратегией, которая способствует развитию в направлении преобладания нематериальных ценностей, хотя и порождает широкий спектр моральных коллизи

Corporate social responsibility: necessity to integrate into educational programs of economists and lawyers

The purpose of the study is to show the necessity to integrate the Corporate Social Responsibility course into the educational process. The methodological basis of the study are such methods of scientific knowledge as a historical method, method of logical unity of analysis and synthesis, systematic method, and others. The questions of necessity to reflect CSR in educational programs of economists training programs are discussed. The author substantiates the reasons for the growing interest in this issue. A review of relevant practices in the field of CSR knowledge dissemination is given. It was found that the introduction of the proposed educational product in the learning process allows to strengthen main vocational training programs in many areas of training, to improve their efficiency, to have a significant impact on improving the quality of students’ knowledge, and contribute to the development and the formation of a fundamentally new professional competencies

Industry 4.0 concept as an incentive to increase the competitiveness of the food and processing industries of the Russian Federation

This work is devoted to the analysis of “Industry 4.0” concepts as an incentive to increase the competitiveness of the food and processing industry of the Russian Federation. The article explores the phenomenon of the fourth industrial revolution as a modern stage of scientific, technical and technological progress. The upcoming fourth industrial revolution is a serious challenge for the government. The main competition of the new revolution is not so much in the technologies themselves but in the skills and education that are necessary for their use. Competition is escalating at the level of education systems but ready-made specialists in the context of globalization still need to be kept, and nowadays the low level of salaries in Russia contributes to a further brain drain. Finally, in the development of Industry 4.0 a systematic approach is important taking into account national characteristics but today it is not in Russia. The development of individual elements of the new industrial revolution is unstable that is why the additional advantages of interdisciplinary research and development are missed. A new round in the development of production will greatly change the social landscape. In order to prevent fatal mass technological unemployment it is necessary to create a social ecosystem for the smooth introduction of technologies with their social design. It is shown that it is accompanied by increased integration, concentration of economic assets under the control of larger business entities. In this regard, the possible consequences of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the social and humanitarian sphere are examined, and the problem is also raised regarding the development of the Russian food and processing industry of the Russian Federation

Entrepreneurial activity and family business in the period of reformation of the Russian legislation

Many sciences meet in the study of family business as a real phenomenon. Despite the fact that in most countries of the world, family business is a rather widespread and highly demanded legal phenomenon, in Russia family business is realized not so often and for the most part, remains strange for an ordinary entrepreneur. Family business in Russia seems to be a phenomenon that is not studied completely but requires special attention. Objective of the research: determination of the essence and main tendencies of the development of legal regulation of the entrepreneurial activity and family business in the period of reformation of the Russian legislation. This scientific research applied a dialectical method of cognition of legal processes and phenomena, used the general scientific methods of scientific cognition of the legal essence of entrepreneurial activity and family business, in particular, a historical method, a method of synthesis, analogy, formal logics, and also specific scientific methods of research of family business and business processes in the post-reform period. Results and novelty: Family business shall be a systemic element that connects the state with small and medium businesses. The introduction of such a form of business activity (family business) shall eliminate the problems and defects of legal regulation of issues arising when business is carried out by family members. It seems necessary to consider the entrepreneurial activity and family business as individual economic and legal phenomena and a grounding of family business as an independent complex legal institution. It is offered to specify the family (spouse) business as a legal entity in the law. Such changes are directed to the efficient legal regulation and establishment of economic conditions for strengthening of family business and development of the family as a social and economic community. The features of the special legal regime of the entrepreneurial activity of spouses are revealed

Мышечная дистрофия Дюшенна: современные подходы к ведению и лечению пациентов

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is one of the most common forms of childhood muscular dystrophies. Its incidence is 1 in 3.5–6 thousand newborn boys according to various sources. The disease is caused by the mutation in the DMD gene coding the dystrophin protein, it leads to the dystrophin absence or malfunction. The disease is characterized by proximal muscle weakness and gastrocnemius muscles pseudohypertrophy. In average, patients lose the ability to walk by themselves by the age of 11 and become nonambulatory. The authors have present modern epidemiological data and etiopathogenesis features of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and have described clinical signs of different disease stages. The algorithm and key points of differential diagnosis are indicated. Special attention was given to the patients’ management: pathogenetic treatment and rehabilitation of pediatric patients.Мышечная дистрофия Дюшенна — одна из наиболее частых форм мышечных дистрофий детского возраста. По разным источникам, заболеваемость миодистрофией Дюшенна оценивается как 1 на 3,5–6 тыс. новорожденных мальчиков. В основе заболевания лежит мутация гена DMD, кодирующего белок дистрофин, приводящая к отсутствию или недостаточной функции дистрофина. Заболевание характеризуется слабостью проксимальных и псевдогипертрофией икроножных мышц, и в среднем к 11 годам пациенты теряют возможность самостоятельно передвигаться и становятся неамбулаторными больными. Авторами представлены современные эпидемиологические данные и особенности этиопатогенеза мышечной дистрофии Дюшенна, описаны клинические характеристики разных стадий болезни. Подробно представлен алгоритм и указаны ключевые этапы дифференциально-диагностического поиска. Особое внимание уделено вопросам лечения пациентов, в том числе патогенетическому лечению, реабилитации пациентов детского возраста

Risdiplam in Type 1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy

BackgroundType 1 spinal muscular atrophy is a rare, progressive neuromuscular disease that is caused by low levels of functional survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein. Risdiplam is an orally administered, small molecule that modifies SMN2 pre-messenger RNA splicing and increases levels of functional SMN protein.MethodsWe report the results of part 1 of a two-part, phase 2-3, open-label study of risdiplam in infants 1 to 7 months of age who had type 1 spinal muscular atrophy, which is characterized by the infant not attaining the ability to sit without support. Primary outcomes were safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (including the blood SMN protein concentration), and the selection of the risdiplam dose for part 2 of the study. Exploratory outcomes included the ability to sit without support for at least 5 seconds.ResultsA total of 21 infants were enrolled. Four infants were in a low-dose cohort and were treated with a final dose at month 12 of 0.08 mg of risdiplam per kilogram of body weight per day, and 17 were in a high-dose cohort and were treated with a final dose at month 12 of 0.2 mg per kilogram per day. The baseline median SMN protein concentrations in blood were 1.31 ng per milliliter in the low-dose cohort and 2.54 ng per milliliter in the high-dose cohort; at 12 months, the median values increased to 3.05 ng per milliliter and 5.66 ng per milliliter, respectively, which represented a median of 3.0 times and 1.9 times the baseline values in the low-dose and high-dose cohorts, respectively. Serious adverse events included pneumonia, respiratory tract infection, and acute respiratory failure. At the time of this publication, 4 infants had died of respiratory complications. Seven infants in the high-dose cohort and no infants in the low-dose cohort were able to sit without support for at least 5 seconds. The higher dose of risdiplam (0.2 mg per kilogram per day) was selected for part 2 of the study.ConclusionsIn infants with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy, treatment with oral risdiplam led to an increased expression of functional SMN protein in the blood. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02913482.)The small molecule risdiplam increased the expression of SMN protein in blood in 21 infants with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy. Post hoc clinical features of sitting ability and respiratory status were reported

Risdiplam-Treated Infants with Type 1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy versus Historical Controls

Background Type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neuromuscular disease characterized by an onset at 6 months of age or younger, an inability to sit without support, and deficient levels of survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein. Risdiplam is an orally administered small molecule that modifies SMN2 pre-messenger RNA splicing and increases levels of functional SMN protein in blood. Methods We conducted an open-label study of risdiplam in infants with type 1 SMA who were 1 to 7 months of age at enrollment. Part 1 of the study (published previously) determined the dose to be used in part 2 (reported here), which assessed the efficacy and safety of daily risdiplam as compared with no treatment in historical controls. The primary end point was the ability to sit without support for at least 5 seconds after 12 months of treatment. Key secondary end points were a score of 40 or higher on the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP-INTEND; range, 0 to 64, with higher scores indicating better motor function), an increase of at least 4 points from baseline in the CHOP-INTEND score, a motor-milestone response as measured by Section 2 of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE-2), and survival without permanent ventilation. For the secondary end points, comparisons were made with the upper boundary of 90% confidence intervals for natural-history data from 40 infants with type 1 SMA. Results A total of 41 infants were enrolled. After 12 months of treatment, 12 infants (29%) were able to sit without support for at least 5 seconds, a milestone not attained in this disorder. The percentages of infants in whom the key secondary end points were met as compared with the upper boundary of confidence intervals from historical controls were 56% as compared with 17% for a CHOP-INTEND score of 40 or higher, 90% as compared with 17% for an increase of at least 4 points from baseline in the CHOP-INTEND score, 78% as compared with 12% for a HINE-2 motor-milestone response, and 85% as compared with 42% for survival without permanent ventilation (P<0.001 for all comparisons). The most common serious adverse events were pneumonia, bronchiolitis, hypotonia, and respiratory failure. Conclusions In this study involving infants with type 1 SMA, risdiplam resulted in higher percentages of infants who met motor milestones and who showed improvements in motor function than the percentages observed in historical cohorts. Longer and larger trials are required to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of risdiplam in infants with type 1 SMA. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche; FIREFISH ClinicalTrials.gov number, .)Small-Molecule SMN2 Modifier in Type 1 SMA The pre-mRNA SMN2 splicing modifier risdiplam was administered orally to 41 infants with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy. After 12 months of treatment, 12 infants were able to sit without support, and most had better scores on motor-performance scales than the upper limit of confidence intervals from historical controls