Practice patterns for the surgical treatment of T1 renal cell carcinoma: a nationwide population-based register study.

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the pageTreatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with radical nephrectomy (RN) induces chronic kidney disease more frequently compared with nephron-sparing surgery (NSS), which may have an impact on overall survival. Thus, NSS is recommended for RCCs up to 7 cm (T1). The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which these recommendations are implemented in clinical practice.Data were extracted from the Swedish National Kidney Cancer Register, a population-based register covering 98% of all RCCs in Sweden. In total, 3158 patients (1892 men, 1266 women) were primarily diagnosed with cT1N0M0 and treated surgically during 2005-2011. The administered treatments were evaluated between different hospitals as well as between the 21 independent healthcare counties.In all, 742 patients were treated with NSS, 2339 with RN and 77 with minimally invasive ablative treatments. For cT1a RCC, patients treated with NSS increased from 22% in 2005 to 53% in 2011, and for cT1b from 2% to 10%. Nephron-sparing treatments for cT1a RCC were performed in 62% in university hospitals, 34% in intermediate- and 11% in low-volume hospitals. There was significant (p < 0.001) variation (31-67%) between the university hospitals and also for patient care in the 21 different counties (16-78%). There was an increased relative survival after NSS for T1a patients compared with RN. The register design by itself indicates limitations using data gathered from all Swedish hospitals.NSS was underutilized in many hospitals and a patient's chance of being offered NSS varied according to their place of residence. Patients with cT1a RCC treated with NSS had a significantly better relative survival than those treated with RN.Umea University Lions Cancer Research Foundation in Umea Swedish Cancer Society Research Foundation at the Urology Department of Sahlgrenska University Hospital Foundation of Anna-Lisa and Bror Bjornsso

Validation of data quality in the National Swedish Kidney Cancer Register

Introduction: The National Swedish Kidney Cancer Register (NSKCR) was launched in 2005. It is used for health care quality improvement and research. The aim of this study was to validate the register’s data quality by assessing the timeliness, completeness, comparability and validity of the register. Material and Methods: To assess timeliness we evaluated the number of days between date of diagnosis and date of reporting the patient to the NSKCR. For completeness, we used data on number of cancer cases reported to the NSKCR compared to cases reported to the Swedish Cancer Register. Comparability was evaluated by reviewing coding routines and comparing data collected in the NSKCR to national and international guidelines. Validity was assessed by reabstraction of data from medical charts from 431 randomly selected patients diagnosed in 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016. Results: Timeliness has improved since the register started. In 2016, 76.9% and 96.5% of the patients were reported within 6 and 12 months respectively. Completeness was high, with a 99.5% coverage between 2008 and 2017. Registration forms and manuals were updated according to national and European guidelines. Improvements have been made continuously to decrease the risk of reporting mistakes and misunderstandings. Validity was high where a majority of the variables demonstrated an exact agreement &gt;90% and few missing values. Conclusion: Overall, the data quality of the NSKCR is high. Completeness, comparability and validity is high. Timeliness can be further improved, which will make it easier to follow changes and improve the care and research of RCC patients

Cancer Characteristics and Current Treatments of Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma in Sweden

Methodology: Since the start in 2005 virtually all patients with newly diagnosed renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Sweden are reported to the National Swedish Kidney Cancer Register (NSKCR). The register contains information on histopathology, nuclear grade, clinical stage, preoperative work-up, treatment, recurrence, and survival. Results: A total of 8556 patients with newly diagnosed RCC were registered in the NSKCR from 2005 to 2013 resulting in a coverage of 99% as compared to the Swedish Cancer Registry. The mean tumor size at detection decreased from 70 mm in 2005 to 64 mm in 2010. The proportion of patients who were incidentally detected increased. The proportion of patients with tumor stage T1a who underwent partial nephrectomy increased from 22% in 2005 to 56% in 2012. Similarly, the proportion of laparoscopically performed radical nephrectomies increased from 6% in 2005 to 17% in 2010. During the five years of follow-up 20% of the patients had a recurrence. Conclusion: Over the last decade there has been a trend of earlier detection and less advanced tumors at detection in patients with RCC. An increasing proportion of the patients undergo laparoscopic and nephron-sparing procedures

Increased risk for renal cell carcinoma in end stage renal disease : a population-based case-control study

Purpose: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a known risk factor for the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This case-control study was performed to assess the risk in a nationwide cohort and evaluate tumor characteristics and survival in the ESRD-RCC population. Methods: In this study, 9,299 patients with RCC identified in the National Swedish Kidney Cancer Register from 2005 until 2014 and 93,895 matched controls were linked to the Swedish Renal Registry and the National Patient Register. ESRD was defined as chronic kidney disease stage 5, kidney transplantation or kidney dialysis 0–40 years before the diagnosis of RCC. Results: A total of 117 patients with ESRD and subsequent RCC were identified and compared with 9,087 patients with RCC. There was a 4.5-times increased risk for RCC among ESRD patients (95% CI = 3.6–5.6; p &lt; 0.001) compared to matched controls. Longer time with ESRD increased the risk of RCC (ESRD &gt; 9 years, OR = 10.2, 95% CI = 7.0–14.8). The ESRD-RCC patients were younger (p = 0.002), had smaller tumors (p &lt; 0.001) and had lower tumor stage (p = 0.045). The incidence of papillary and chromophobe RCC was higher and clear cell RCC lower among the ESRD patients (p &lt; 0.001). The 5-year overall survival was 50% in ESRD-RCC patients and 63% in RCC-only patients (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: More than 9 years with ESRD increased the risk of developing RCC 10-times compared to individuals without ESRD and the tumors showed a different histopathological pattern. Despite a less advanced tumor stage at diagnosis, the overall survival in ESRD-RCC patients was lower compared to patients with RCC-only

End-stage renal disease after renal cancer surgery : risk factors and overall survival

OBJECTIVE: Several risk factors for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), in patients undergoing surgical treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), have been suggested by others. This study aimed to investigate such risk factors and disclose the effect of developing ESRD, postoperatively, on overall survival. The risk of developing ESRD after RCC diagnosis was also evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of 16,220 patients with RCC and 162,199 controls were extracted from the Renal Cell Cancer Database Sweden, with linkages across multiple national registers between 2005 and 2020. Cox proportional hazards regression, Kaplan-Meier curves and cumulative incidence were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The 5-year cumulative incidence of ESRD following RCC diagnosis was 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1-2.6) and 0.4% (95% CI 0.3-0.4) for the patients with RCC and controls, respectively. Age, chronic kidney disease, higher T-stage and radical nephrectomy (RN) were significant risk factors for ESRD within 1-year of surgery. A total of 104 and 12,152 patients with and without ESRD, respectively, survived 1-year postoperatively. The 5-year overall survival rates of patients with ESRD and those with RCC only were 50% (95% CI 0.40-0.60) and 80% (95% CI 0.80-0.81), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who developed ESRD following renal cancer surgery had significantly poorer survival outcomes. Advanced age, comorbidities, higher-stage tumours and RN were identified as risk factors for developing ESRD. Surgical decisions are crucial. Efforts to spare renal function, including nephron-sparing surgery and active surveillance in appropriate cases, are highly relevant to reduce the development of severe kidney dysfunction

Predictors for complication in renal cancer surgery : a national register study

OBJECTIVE: Nationwide register data provide unique opportunities for real-world assessment of complications from different surgical methods. This study aimed to assess incidence of, and predictors for, post-operative complications and to evaluate 90-day mortality  following different surgical procedures and thermal ablation for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients undergoing surgical treatment and thermal ablation for RCC in Sweden during 2015-2019 were identified from the National Swedish Kidney Cancer Register. Frequencies and types of post-operative complications were analysed. Logistic regression models were used to identify predictors for 90-day major (Clavien-Dindo grades III-V) complications, including death. RESULTS: The overall complication rate was 24% (1295/5505), of which 495 (8.7%) were major complications. Most complications occurred following open surgery, of which bleeding and infection were the most common. Twice as many complications were observed in patients undergoing open surgery compared to minimally invasive surgery (20% vs. 10%, P &lt; 0.001). Statistically significant predictors for major complications irrespective of surgical category and technique were American society of anesthiologists (ASA) score, tumour diameter and serum creatinine. Separating radical and partial nephrectomy, surgical technique remained a significant risk factor for major complications. Most complications occurred within the first 20 days. The overall 90-day readmission rate was 6.2%, and 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 0.47% and 1.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, bleeding and infection were the most common major complications after RCC surgery. Twice as many patients undergoing open surgery suffer a major post-operative complication as compared to patients subjected to minimally invasive surgery. General predictors for major complications were ASA score, tumour size, kidney function and surgical technique

Tumour characteristics and surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma in Sweden 2005-2010: a population-based study from the National Swedish Kidney Cancer Register.

Tumour characteristics, preoperative work-up and surgical treatment in patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) between 2005 and 2010, and changes over time were studied in a national population-based cohort. MaTERIAL AND METHODS: The National Swedish Kidney Cancer Register (NSKCR) contains information on histopathology, Fuhrman grade and clinical stage at presentation, and on the preoperative work-up and surgical treatment of patients with RCC. Between 2005 and 2010, 5553 RCC patients were registered in the NSKCR, 99% of those registered in the National Cancer Registry