Aharonov-Bohm Exciton Absorption Splitting in Chiral Specific Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Magnetic Fields of up to 78 T

The Ajiki-Ando (A-A) splitting of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNT) originating from the Aharanov-Bohm effect was observed in chiral specific SWNTs by the magneto-absorption measurements conducted at magnetic fields of up to 78 T. The absorption spectra from each chirality showed clear A-A splitting of the $E_{11}$ optical excitonic transitions. The parameters of both the dark-bright exciton energy splitting and the rate of A-A splitting in a magnetic field were determined for the first time from the well-resolved absorption spectra.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

An Analysis of Shareholders' Lists for 60 Cotton Spinning Companies in 1898

The cotton spinning companies played an important role in Japanese economic development during the Meiji era. Setting up these businesses required large capital investments. Who financed these companies? More concretely, who were their shareholders? This paper aims to identify shareholders' characteristics at 60 cotton spinning companies in 1898. In order to do this, we have created a database of all shareholders in these companies in 1898, as well as a database of all merchants and industrialists listed in the National Directory of Commerce and Industry (1898 edition). Our main findings are as follows: 1) Most of the shares were owned by people who lived outside the Tokyo or Osaka areas, in the local areas where a company was established. 2) The income level of most shareholders was mainly in the range of 500 - 2000 yen. The role of those with very high incomes as shareholder should not be overemphasized.

"An Analysis of Shareholders' Lists for 60 Cotton Spinning Companies in 1898" (in Japanese)

The cotton spinning companies played an important role in Japanese economic development during the Meiji era. Setting up these businesses required large capital investments. Who financed these companies? More concretely, who were their shareholders? This paper aims to identify shareholders' characteristics at 60 cotton spinning companies in 1898. In order to do this, we have created a database of all shareholders in these companies in 1898, as well as a database of all merchants and industrialists listed in the National Directory of Commerce and Industry (1898 edition). Our main findings are as follows: 1) Most of the shares were owned by people who lived outside the Tokyo or Osaka areas, in the local areas where a company was established. 2) The income level of most shareholders was mainly in the range of 500 - 2000 yen. The role of those with very high incomes as shareholder should not be overemphasized.

Effects of Probiotics on the Immune System and Allergic Diseases

ABSTRACTIntestinal microbiota play a crucial role in the development of mucosal tolerance and adaptation. Perturbations in microbiota composition are strongly associated with allergies and asthma in westernized countries. There has been accumulating evidence that the administration of probiotics, “live microbial supplements that exert a beneficial effect on human health,” may be effective in the treatment and/or prevention of allergic diseases. Although it has been shown that part of the effect of probiotics arises from its interaction with the host immune system, the precise mechanisms remain to be determined. In addition, future studies are necessary to define appropriate species and strains, optimum dose, frequency, and duration for the treatment of allergic diseases

Thermal Conductivity of Pr_{1.3-x}La_{0.7}Ce_xCuO_4 Single Crystals and Signatures of Stripes in an Electron-Doped Cuprate

It was recently demonstrated that the anisotropic phonon heat transport behavior is a good probe of the stripe formation in La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4 (LSCO) [X. F. Sun {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 67}, 104503 (2003)]. Using this probe, we examined an electron-doped cuprate Pr_{1.3-x}La_{0.7}Ce_xCuO_4 (PLCCO) and found that essentially the same features as those in LSCO are observed. Moreover, the in-plane resistivity \rho_{ab} of lightly-doped PLCCO shows metallic behavior (d\rho_{ab}/dT > 0) in the N\'eel ordered state with a mobility comparable to that in LSCO. It is discussed that these peculiar properties in common with LSCO signify the existence of stripes in electron-doped cuprates.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, revised version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let

Effect of Furnish on Temperature and Vapor Pressure Behavior in the Center of Mat Panels during Hot Pressing

Particleboard achieves its overall performance characteristics during hot pressing process. As this process is influenced by several factors, particularly temperature and pressure, it is very important to understand the behavior of both. This study investigates the effects of furnish materials on temperature and vapor pressure behavior inside particleboard mat panels during hot pressing. Strand type particles from hinoki and ring-flaker recycled wood particles were used as furnish for laboratory-scale particleboard panels with a target density of 0.76 g/cm³. Mat panels with a moisture content of about 10% were hot pressed at a platen temperature of 180°C and an initial pressure of 3 MPa until the mat center reached the same temperature as the platen. A press monitoring device (PressMAN Lite) was used for detecting the temperature and vapor pressure change in the center of the mat panels. The study showed that the furnish type affected the temperature and vapor behavior inside the mat panels. Particleboard made of hinoki strand resulted in a longer plateau time, a higher plateau temperature and a higher gas pressure generated during hot pressing than those of ring-flaker recycled wood particles. Mixed board resulted in values between those of the two other furnish materials