Stereospecific Anionic Polymerization of α-(Hydroxymethyl)acrylate with Protective Group

Anionic polymerizations of hydroxyl-protected α-(hydroxymethyl)acrylates were investigated. The methyl ester with methoxymethyl (1-MOM) and allyl (1-allyl) protecting groups were polymerized by isopropyl α-lithioisobutyrate (Li-iPrIB) in toluene at −78 °C, affording highly isotactic polymers. Similarly, the polymerization of ethyl ester (2-MOM) gave an isotactic polymer, while those of t-butyl (3-MOM) and isobutyl (4-MOM) ester did not form any polymeric products. The hydrolysis of poly(2-MOM) in acidic conditions resulted in the deprotection of MOM group, although the acid also catalyzed the ester exchange between the neighboring units to form lactone units, as observed by 1H NMR analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. A film of poly(2-MOM) exposed to HCl vapor for 2 h became insoluble in any organic solvents due to the lactonization in solid state.ArticleMacromolecular Symposia.350(1):86-98(2015)journal articl

Evaluation of Cytotoxic Compounds from The Buckeye Tree: Aesculus glabra

Cancer is a large, diverse group of diseases caused by abnormal cells that grow from benign to malignant tumors if left untreated1. Chemotherapy is a common method used to treat several cancers and includes drugs such as alkylating agents, antimetabolites, plant alkaloids, biological inhibitors, nitrosoureas, corticosteroids, and anti-tumor antibiotics2. Despite the variety of chemotherapeutic agents available for use, several of these agents are non-selective or unable to distinguish between tumor and non-tumor cells, which causes damage to normal cells of the body. Due to this damage, severe negative side effects often persist with the use of these agents, leaving the need for novel methods of treatment. Another factor that pushes the need for novel treatment methods is the large sector of the population that is entering the age of greatest risk of a cancer diagnosis3. In the past, natural products have played a vital role in the discovery of several drugs that changed the course of medicine4. Therefore, the unique and complex structures of plant natural product compounds promise success in developing chemotherapeutic anti-cancer treatments that have less severe side effects5. In this study, Aesculus glabra (A. glabra) seeds, pericarp, twigs, and leaves were investigated as a source for anti-tumor compounds due to previous findings in the literature6,7,8. The plant materials were locally sourced at The Ohio State University (OSU) Chadwick Arboretum and Learning Gardens (CALG). Extracts from the A. glabra materials were prepared and compounds were isolated from these extracts by performing partition and isolation techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography, column chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography. Then, cytotoxicity evaluation was performed on HT-29, HeLa, DU-145, PC-3, OVCAR3, and MDA-MB-435 using an SRB assay. Structure elucidation was carried out using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments and mass spectrometry.U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. Project: P01CA125066OSU STEP ProgramNo embargoAcademic Major: Biolog

Zum selbständigen Konjunktiv Präteriti mit Vergangenheitsbedeutung im „Parzival“ und im „Iwein“

Article人文科学論集 15: 131-138 (1981)departmental bulletin pape

Anakoluth im „Parzival“ und „Tristan“

Article人文科学論集 16: 125-132 (1982)departmental bulletin pape

LRH-1 mitigates intestinal inflammatory disease by maintaining epithelial homeostasis and cell survival.

Epithelial dysfunction and crypt destruction are defining features of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, current IBD therapies targeting epithelial dysfunction are lacking. The nuclear receptor LRH-1 (NR5A2) is expressed in intestinal epithelium and thought to contribute to epithelial renewal. Here we show that LRH-1 maintains intestinal epithelial health and protects against inflammatory damage. Knocking out LRH-1 in murine intestinal organoids reduces Notch signaling, increases crypt cell death, distorts the cellular composition of the epithelium, and weakens the epithelial barrier. Human LRH-1 (hLRH-1) rescues epithelial integrity and when overexpressed, mitigates inflammatory damage in murine and human intestinal organoids, including those derived from IBD patients. Finally, hLRH-1 greatly reduces disease severity in T-cell-mediated murine colitis. Together with the failure of a ligand-incompetent hLRH-1 mutant to protect against TNFα-damage, these findings provide compelling evidence that hLRH-1 mediates epithelial homeostasis and is an attractive target for intestinal disease

Robotic Mediastinal Tumor Resections: Position and Port Placement

This study aimed to determine the optimal position and port placement during robotic resection for various mediastinal tumors. For anterior mediastinal tumors, total or extended thymectomy is commonly performed in the supine position using the lateral or subxiphoid approach. Although it is unclear which approach is better during robotic thymectomy, technical advantages of subxiphoid approach are beneficial for patients with myasthenia who require extended thymectomy. Partial thymectomy is performed in the supine position using a lateral approach. Superior, middle, and posterior mediastinal tumors are resected in the decubitus position using the lateral approach, whereas dumbbell tumor resection, which requires a posterior approach, can be performed in the prone position. The position and port placement should be chosen depending on the size, location, and aggressiveness of the tumor. In this study, we describe how to choose which of these different robotic approaches can be used based on our experience and previous reports

Predicting lung cancer recurrence from circulating tumour DNA. Commentary on 'Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early-stage lung cancer evolution'

No abstract available