Diastolic function and functional capacity after a single session of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with compensated heart failure

OBJECTIVE: The effects of acute continuous positive airway pressure therapy on left ventricular diastolic function and functional capacity in patients with compensated systolic heart failure remain unclear. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial included 43 patients with heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fractio

Update on the approach to smoking in patients with respiratory diseases.

Smoking is the leading cause of respiratory disease (RD). The harmful effects of smoking on the respiratory system begin in utero and influence immune responses throughout childhood and adult life. In comparison with ?healthy? smokers, smokers with RD have peculiarities that can impede smoking cessation, such as a higher level of nicotine dependence; nicotine withdrawal; higher levels of exhaled carbon monoxide; low motivation and low self-efficacy; greater concern about weight gain; and a high prevalence of anxiety and depression. In addition, they require more intensive, prolonged treatment. It is always necessary to educate such individuals about the fact that quitting smoking is the only measure that will reduce the progression of RD and improve their quality of life, regardless of the duration and severity of the disease. Physicians should always offer smoking cessation treatment. Outpatient or inpatient smoking cessation treatment should be multidisciplinary, based on behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapy. It will thus be more effective and cost-effective, doubling the chances of success

Estado inflamatório sistêmico e gravidade da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Dados da literatura mostram que os tabagistas e pacientes com DPOC apresentam evidências de inflamação das vias aéreas e sitêmica. Entretanto, a associação do processo inflamatório sistêmico com o tabagismo ativo e com a gravidade da doença em pacientes com DPOC ainda não está esclarecida. Casuística e Métodos: Foram avaliados 77 pacientes com DPOC leve a muito grave, idade=63,7±9,2 anos e VEF1=57,2±21.1-,1.I-%Fo.ram também incluídos trinta e quatro indivíduos controles sadios (idade= 1.I-9,1±8,3anos, VEF1=111,2±15,2%) e vinte e quatro tabagistas sem DPOC (idade=1.I-8,6±6,6anos, VEF1=l05,1.I-±16,2%). Todos os sujeitos da pesquisa realizaram espirometria pré e pósbroncodilatador, oximetria de pulso, avaliação nutricional, teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC-6) e coletado sangue para dosagem do seguinte mediadores inflamatórios: TNF-a, IL-6, IL-8, IL-IO e PCR . Além disso, nos pacientes com DPOC foram aplicados questionários de qualidade de vida, dispnéia e índice BODE. Resultados: Os pacientes com DPOC apresentaram níveis de TNF-a, IL-6 e PCR maiores quando comparados aos controles, além disso, a PCR foi maior nos pacientes com DPOC em comparação aos tabagistas. Os tabagistas apresentaram níveis de TNF-a maior em comparação aos indivíduos controles e os pacientes com DPOC tabagistas apresentaram níveis de TNF-a maior quando comparados aos DPOC ex-tabagistas. Não houve diferença nos valores de inflamação sistêmica entre os pacientes com diferentes gravidades de DPOC. O estudo de regressão múltipla mostrou que a IL-6 está associada com a DP6 e a interação da IL-6 e VEF1 foi identificada como preditora da DP6, mostrando que a variação da IL-6 consegue detectar melhor a diferença entre as médias da DP6 nos pacientes mais graves. Conclusões: Em conclusão,...Smokers and patients with COPO present evidences of localized and systemic inflammation. However, the relationship between systemic inflammation, smoking and severity of disease are not established in the literature. Subjects and methods: Seventy seven stable COPO patients (mild to very severe), mean age:63.7±9.2 years and FEV1:57.2±24.4% were evaluated. Thirthy-four healthy controls (mean age:49.1±S.3 years and FEV1:ll1.2±15..2%) and 24 smokers without COPO (mean age:4S.6±6.6 years and FEV1:I05.4±16.2%) were also : -. included in the study. Ali subjects were assessed by spirometry, pulse oximetry, body composition, six minute walk test (6M'vVT) and blood sample was collected for inflammatory mediators measurements [tumor necrosis factor alfa(TNF-a.), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-S, IL-IO and C-reactive protein (CRP)]. Health-related quality of life and dyspnea perception were assessed and the multidimensional index BOOE (body mass index, obstruction, dyspneia and exercise) was calculated Jn patients with COPO. Results: Serum levels of TNF-a. and IL-6 were elevated Jn COPO when compared to healthy controls; in addition, serum CRP was significantly higher in patients with COPO when compared to controls and smokers without COPO. Serum TNF-a. were significantly higher in smokers, with and without COPO, when compared to healthy controls and in current smokers COPO patients when compared to ex-smokers COPO patients. Significant association between COPO severity and systemic inflammatory markers was not shown. Multiple regression analysis showed association of IL-6 and 6MWO and the interaction between IL-6 and FEV1 was a predictor of the 6MWO performance. Conclusions: Smokers and COPO, independently of the disease severity, presented systemic inflammation. Active smoking seems to be associated with elevated values of serum TNF-a. and increased serum CRP may... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Pneumonias

As pneumonias constituem grupo de doenças infecciosas de grande morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo. Com base nos consensos atuais, este artigo abordará as principais questões da prática diária tais como agentes etiológicos, quadro clínico, ferramentas diagnósticas e tratamentos para pneumonia adquirida na comunidade (PAC) em adultos imunocompetentes e para pneumonias associadas aos cuidados de saúde

Asma na mulher

A asma é doença inflamatória crônica de alta prevalência e com alta morbidade se não tratada. Algumas diferenças são notadas entre homens e mulheres, principalmente na manifestação da doença, porém diagnóstico e tratamento não diferem entre os gêneros. Algumas peculiaridades da asma na mulher serão discutidas nesta revisão, bem como o tratamento da gestante asmática

Impact of an early physiotherapy program after kidney transplant during hospital stay: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Introduction: Cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal dysfunctions are common in the postoperative period of kidney transplant patients and are often accompanied by low exercise tolerance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an early physiotherapy program during hospital stay on functional capacity and peripheral and respiratory muscle strength after kidney transplant. Methods: An open, randomized clinical trial was conducted in patients undergoing living donor kidney transplant. Sixty-three patients were included (intervention group-IG: n = 30; control group-CG: n = 33). IG received an early physiotherapy program from first postoperative day until hospital discharge and CG received standard care. The variables of interest were measured preoperatively and at discharge except for respiratory muscle strength and vital capacity (VC), which were also measured on the first postoperative day. Functional capacity was evaluated through six-minute walk test (6MWT); peripheral and respiratory muscle strength using a dynamometer and manovacuometer, respectively; and VC through spirometer. Results: After surgery, there was a reduction in functional walking capacity and peripheral muscle strength without different between groups (p > 0.05); however, respiratory muscle strength was significantly higher in IG (p < 0.001) at hospital discharge, when comparing with CG. Conclusions: An early physiotherapy program during hospitalization for patients undergoing living donor kidney transplant caused a lower reduction in respiratory muscle strength and without additional benefits in the functional capacity, when compared to a control group, although the clinical relevance of this finding is uncertain

Impact of an early physiotherapy program after kidney transplant during hospital stay: a randomized controlled trial

<div><p>Abstract Introduction: Cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal dysfunctions are common in the postoperative period of kidney transplant patients and are often accompanied by low exercise tolerance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an early physiotherapy program during hospital stay on functional capacity and peripheral and respiratory muscle strength after kidney transplant. Methods: An open, randomized clinical trial was conducted in patients undergoing living donor kidney transplant. Sixty-three patients were included (intervention group-IG: n = 30; control group-CG: n = 33). IG received an early physiotherapy program from first postoperative day until hospital discharge and CG received standard care. The variables of interest were measured preoperatively and at discharge except for respiratory muscle strength and vital capacity (VC), which were also measured on the first postoperative day. Functional capacity was evaluated through six-minute walk test (6MWT); peripheral and respiratory muscle strength using a dynamometer and manovacuometer, respectively; and VC through spirometer. Results: After surgery, there was a reduction in functional walking capacity and peripheral muscle strength without different between groups (p > 0.05); however, respiratory muscle strength was significantly higher in IG (p < 0.001) at hospital discharge, when comparing with CG. Conclusions: An early physiotherapy program during hospitalization for patients undergoing living donor kidney transplant caused a lower reduction in respiratory muscle strength and without additional benefits in the functional capacity, when compared to a control group, although the clinical relevance of this finding is uncertain.</p></div