MyD88 and IL-6, IL-10, G-CSF-dependent pathway genes are significantly enriched in HN878 infected vs. non-infected macrophages

<p>. BMDM were stimulated with IL-4/IL-13 or left untreated. After 24 hours of stimulation, cells were infected with HN878. Total RNA was extracted at 4, 12 and 48 hours PI for microarray and GSEA analysis. Enrichment plots and heat maps for (A) MyD88, (B) IL-6, IL-10, G-CSF and (C) IL-4Rα pathway are shown. Enrichment analysis compared log2-fold changes in <i>Mtb</i>-infected samples vs. non-infected samples. The rows in heat maps are listed according to pre-ranking metric scores. Replicates shown are from two independent experiments.</p

IL-4Rα-Dependent Alternative Activation of Macrophages Is Not Decisive for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Pathology and Bacterial Burden in Mice

<div><p>Classical activation of macrophages (caMph or M1) is crucial for host protection against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>) infection. Evidence suggests that IL-4/IL-13 alternatively activated macrophages (aaMph or M2) are exploited by <i>Mtb</i> to divert microbicidal functions of caMph. To define the functions of M2 macrophages during tuberculosis (TB), we infected mice deficient for IL-4 receptor α on macrophages (LysM^creIL-4Rα^-/lox) with <i>Mtb</i>. We show that absence of IL-4Rα on macrophages does not play a major role during infection with <i>Mtb</i> H37Rv, or the clinical Beijing strain HN878. This was demonstrated by similar mortality, bacterial burden, histopathology and T cell proliferation between infected wild-type (WT) and LysM^creIL-4Rα^-/lox mice. Interestingly, we observed no differences in the lung expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Arginase 1 (Arg1), well-established markers for M1/M2 macrophages among the <i>Mtb</i>-infected groups. Kinetic expression studies of IL-4/IL-13 activated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) infected with HN878, followed by gene set enrichment analysis, revealed that the MyD88 and IL-6, IL-10, G-CSF pathways are significantly enriched, but not the IL-4Rα driven pathway. Together, these results suggest that IL-4Rα-macrophages do not play a central role in TB disease progression.</p></div

No major differences in expression of iNOS, Arg1, lung immune cell populations and T cell proliferation between wild-type and macrophage cell-specific IL-4Rα deficient mice following low-dose <i>Mtb</i> H37Rv infection (100 CFU/mouse).

<p>(A) iNOS and Arg1 staining (brown colour) from lung sections collected at indicated times PI, original magnification: 40X. Lung sections from 5 mice/group were quantified. N.D. = not detectable. (B) iNOS and Arg1 expression on various immune cells were analysed by flow cytometry at 18 weeks PI (6–7 mice/group, *<i>P</i> < 0.05). (C) T cell proliferation with co-cultured CD11c-sorted macrophages from the lung tissue of naïve non-infected and mice infected with H37Rv (100 CFU/mouse) by aerosol at 4 and 18 weeks. Data shown in A is representative of two independent experiments and results obtained in B and C are from one experiment.</p

Similar mortality, inflammation, bacterial burden, Arg1/iNOS expression and T cell proliferation in wild-type and LysM^creIL-4Rα^-/lox mice following high dose infection with <i>Mtb</i> H37Rv

<p>. Wild-type (BALB/c) and IL-4Rα macrophage cell-specific deficient mice (LysM^creIL-4Rα^-/lox) were infected intranasally with high dose of 10⁴ CFU/mouse of <i>Mtb</i> H37Rv (n = 20/group). (A) Survival of infected mice was recorded weekly. (B) Individual bacterial titers (CFU/organ) with group medians are shown (*<i>P</i> < 0.05). (C) iNOS and Arg1 staining (brown colour) from lung sections collected at 3 and 10 weeks PI. Lung sections from 5 mice/group were quantified. Original magnification: 40X. N.D. = not detectable. (D) T cell proliferation with co-cultured CD11c-sorted macrophages from the lung tissue of naïve non-infected and 3 weeks infected mice. All data shown is representative of two independent experiments except for B which is representative of three independent experiments.</p

Increased acute bacterial burden and chronic pulmonary pathology in absence of IL-4Rα responsive macrophages following low-dose <i>Mtb</i> H37Rv infection

<p>. Wild-type (BALB/c), IL-4Rα^-/- and IL-4Rα macrophage cell-specific deficient mice (LysM^creIL-4Rα^-/lox) were infected with <i>Mtb</i> H37Rv (100 CFU/mouse) by aerosol (n = 12–13 mice/group). (A) Percentages in body weight change are shown. (B) Mice were sacrificed at 4 and 18 weeks PI to determine bacterial loads in the lungs and spleen. (C) Lung weight indexes are shown. (D) At 0, 4 and 18 weeks PI, formalin-fixed lung sections were stained with H&E. Original magnification: 40X. (E) Lung sections of 5 mice per group were evaluated for pulmonary histopathology scores and quantification of total lesion sizes. N.D. = not detectable. (F) IL-4Rα expression was measured by flow cytometry on alveolar macrophages (SiglecF⁺CD11c⁺) at 0 and 18 weeks PI (*<i>P</i> < 0.05, **<i>P</i> < 0.01). Data shown are representative (A, D, E and F) and pooled (B, C) from two independent experiments.</p

Collision detection on transmission lines with optical interferometer

V diplomski nalogi skušamo ugotoviti, v kolikšni meri je možno zaznavati in klasificirati trke na jeklenicah daljnovodov z optičnim interferometrom. Na začetku predstavimo osnovne pojme interferometrije in opišemo uporabljen optični interferometer. V jedru diplomske naloge natančneje opišemo eksperimentalni protokol in obdelavo signalov. Nadaljujemo z implementacijo algoritmov za segmentacijo in klasifikacijo zajetih signalov ter predstavimo dobljene rezultate. Segmentacijo izvedemo v domeni števila prehodov signala skozi ničlo, za klasifikacijo pa uporabimo večplastno nevronsko mrežo z algoritmom vzvratnega učenja. Rezultati študije nakazujejo, da sta implementirani segmentacija in klasifikacija uspešni v 77 % izvedenih trkov različnih predmetov.We analyse feasibility of collision detection on transmission lines with optical interferometer. We first provide a brief introduction into interferometry, along with a description of the optical interferometer used for measurements in this study. Afterwards, we describe the conducted experimental protocol and signal processing methodology. The focus is on implementation of algorithms for signal segmentation and collision classification. We used zero-crossing algorithm to transform signals into segmentation domain. Classification of collisions is done with a multilayer neural network trained by the backpropagation algorithm. The results demonstrate an average success rate of 77% for segmentation and classification of collision with five different objects

Sistematización de la experiencia de un ambiente de aprendizaje enriquecido por TIC durante la práctica clínica en fisioterapia cardiopulmonar en un hospital de nivel II de la ciudad de Cali

Esta investigación se centra en la caracterización de la experiencia de 4 estudiantes de fisioterapia de IX semestre de la Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte (IUEND) durante la implementación de un ambiente de aprendizaje enriquecido con Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en la práctica clínico – asistencial en Salud Cardiopulmonar; la cual se fundamenta en el hacer y pone a prueba las bases conceptuales del ciclo de fundamentación; todo esto con el fin de identificar las experiencias significativas que facilitan el aprendizaje y desarrollo de competencias clínicas, además analizar si este tipo de estrategias de enseñanza -aprendizaje permite al estudiante y al docente asesor superar inconvenientes propios de la práctica clínica como: optimizar tiempos de atención a pacientes, estudio independiente y trabajo colaborativo, retomar e integrar gran cantidad de conceptos y procedimientos aprendidos en IV semestre con las nuevas experiencias y la realidad del paciente; y a la vez cumplir con funciones administrativas propios del rol del fisioterapeuta asistencial (estadística, indicadores, desarrollo de guías, etc.) que dificultan el proceso de aprendizaje; concluyendo que los ambientes mediados por TIC pueden lograr superar estas dificultades y favorecer finalmente el aprendizaje significativo (juicio clínico), en el que se fundamenta el ciclo de práctica profesional

assay information of the mouse qualitycontrol samples for HeliScopeCAGE

a tab delimited flat file (SDRF file) describing the experimental details for mouse quality control samples for the standard protocol of the HeliScopeCAGE protoco

DRA002216

List of DRA (http://trace.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/dra/index_e.html) accession numbers of the FANTOM5 samples, sequences and genomic coordinations. Files are in tab-delimited format, which includes * Library ID * FFID * BioSamples accession number * DRA experiment accession number * DRA run accession numbers * DRA analysis accession number for genomic coordination (BAM file) * DRA analysis accession number for CTSS (BED file) * Experiment method (CAGE/RNA-Seq/sRNA-Seq

assay information of the mouse tissue samples for HeliScopeCAGE

a tab delimited flat file (SDRF file) describing the experimental details for mouse tissue samples for the standard protocol of the HeliScopeCAGE protoco