Degradation of Permethrin by Photolysis Method Using Catalyst Tio2-anatase

The research was about the degradation of permethrin compound by photolysis method using TiO2-anatase as catalyst. Permethrin is a synthetic pyretroid pesticides which has low toxicity for mammals but high toxicity for fishes, insects and water microorganisms. Photolysis method is conducted by using 10 watt UV lamp at 365 nm of wavelength. The degradation of permethrin by photolysis were done without and with TiO2-anatase on varied time and TiO2-anatase addition. The result showed that photolysis could degrade 5.40 %the 20 mg/L permethrin compound after 120 minutes irradiation. Permethrin compound with similar consentration by addition 8 mg TiO2-anatase without mixing could degrade 18,59 % and with mixing could degrade 85,65% after 120 minutes irradiation. Degradation of permethrin compound by photolysis method using TiO2-anatase as catalyst is effective and efficient

Degradasi Senyawa Permetrin dengan Menggunakan Zeolit Alam Terpilar Tio2-anatase secara Sonolisis

Permetrin merupakan golongan insektisida piretroid sintetik yang kurang toksik bagi mamalia tapi sangat toksik bagi ikan, serangga dan mikroorganisme air Penelitian tentang degradasi senyawa permetrin telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan zeolit alam terpilar TiO2-anatase secara sonolisis pada beberapa kondisi perlakuan.. Degradasi dilakukan secara sonolisis menggunakan gelombang ultrasonik dengan frekuensi 45 KHz. Sampel yang digunakan adalah permetrin 96,1%. Sedangkan zeolit alam terpilar TiO2-anatase digunakan sebagai katalis untuk membantu degradasi secara cepat dan efisien. Hasil iradiasi dianalisis dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV pada panjang gelombang 272 nm. Degradasi permetrin 20mg/L pada suhu 40oC dan waktu iradiasi 120 menit, tanpa penambahan zeolit alam terpilar TiO2- anatase mencapai 22,23%. Sedangkan degradasi permetrin 20 mg/L pada suhu 40oC dan waktu iradiasi 75 menit dengan penambahan 50 mg zeolit alam terpilar TiO2- anatase menghasilkan 81,10 %

ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Optimization Central Composite Design for the Simultaneous Determination of Cd(II) ion in Fruit and Vegetable Samples by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry

ABSTRACT This work describes a procedure for the simultaneous determination of cadmium in fruit and vegetable samples using adsorptive stripping voltammetry of complexes with calcon at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) has been optimized using central composite design (CCD). The selection of the experimental conditions was made using experimental of the influence of several parameters were studied : variations of calcon concentration, pH, accumulation potential and accumulation time. The design experiment was a central composite design with 4 factors/variables, 3 levels and 31 treatment combinations. From analysis of variance, it was decided to accept the second-order model and the independent variable, concluded that a significant effect on the response variable (peak current). Based on data analysis with central composite design, the determination of cadmium obtained optimum conditions were : calcon concentration 0.8435 mM, pH 8.0047, accumulation potential -0.6346 Volt and accumulation time 81.85 seconds with a maximum peak current 61.8146 nA. At the optimum condition were obtained relative standard deviation 0.84%, recovery 98.88%, the linear range up to 110 µg/L, limit of detection 1.009 µg/L and LOQ 3.363 µg/L. The procedure was successfully applied to the determination of cadmium in fruit and vegetable samples without prior treatment

Effects of everolimus on cytokines, oxidative stress, and renal histology in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the kidney

Background. To evaluate the effects of everolimus on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods. Wistar albino rats were divided into control, ischemia-reperfusion (IR), and ischemia-reperfusioneverolimus (IReve) groups. Everolimus was administered for seven consecutive days to the IReve group prior to injury. IR and IReve groups underwent forty-five minutes ischemia followed by the application of reperfusion at 2 and 24 hours. Blood samples and kidneys were taken from all animals. Results. Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels increased at two hours of reperfusion in the IR and IReve groups, and decreased at 24 hours of reperfusion in the IR group. In the IReve group, we detected significantly high interleukin-6 levels and low tumor necrosis factor-? and malondialdehyde levels at 24 hours. Myeloperoxidase levels increased at two hours of reperfusion in the IReve group, but decreased significantly at 24 hours. Everolimus did not improve renal tubular and interstitial injuries in renal IRI. Conclusions. It has been demonstrated that pretreatment with everolimus has beneficial effects on cytokines and oxidative stress in renal IRI. However, these effects are insufficient for the correction of histopathological changes and restoration of normal kidney function. © 2009 Informa UK, Ltd