PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI LAHAN KERING BER-KELANJUTAN BERBASIS TEMBAKAU DI SUB-DAS PROGO HULU (KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG PROPINSI JAWA TENGAH)

Akibat dari teknik budidaya yang kurang mengindahkan kaidah konservasi tanah dan air, pada kemiringan berbukit dan curam, serta curah hujan yang tinggi pada usahatani lahan kering berbasis tembakau di Sub-DAS Progo Hulu telah menyebabkan terjadinya erosi yang parah dan degradasi lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan : (1) mengkaji kondisi biofisik lahan dan karakteristik usahatani lahan kering berbasis tembakau di Sub-DAS Progo hulu; (2) mengkaji pengaruh teknologi konservasi tanah dan air (KTA) spesifik lokasi terhadap limpasan permukaan dan erosi; dan (3) merumuskan perencanaan sistem pertanian konservasi untuk mewujudkan sistem usahatani lahan kering berkelanjutan berbasis tembakau di Sub-DAS Progo Hulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan lahan pada usahatani lahan kering berbasis tembakau di Sub-DAS Progo Hulu pada umumnya (58,4%) sesuai dengan kelas kemampuan lahan dan sisanya 41,6% tidak sesuai dengan kelas kemampuan lahan. Terdapat 77,2% lahan memiliki nilai prediksi erosi lebih besar dari nilai ETol dan perlu penyempurnaan dalam teknologi KTA. Usahatani lahan kering berbasis tembakau di Sub-DAS Progo Hulu didominasi pola tanam jagung-tembakau (51,0%) dan cabe-tembakau (29,2%), dengan pendapatan usahatani masih diatas nilai kebutuhan hidup layak. Perlakuan pemberian mulsa batang tembakau dikombinasikan rumput penguat tera

Conservation Techniques for Soil Erosion Control in Tobacco-Based Farming System at Steep Land Areas of Progo Hulu Subwatershed, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract—This research was aimed at determining the impact of conservation techniques including bench terrace, stone terrace, mulching, grass strip and intercropping on soil erosion at tobacco-based farming system at Progo Hulu subwatershed, Central Java, Indonesia. Research was conducted from September 2007 to September 2009, located at Progo Hulu subwatershed, Central Java, Indonesia. Research site divided into 27 land units, and experimental fields were grouped based on the soil type and slope, ie: 30%, 45% and 70%, with the following treatments: 1) ST0= stone terrace (control); 2) ST1= stone terrace + Setaria spacelata grass strip on a 5 cm height dike at terrace lips + tobacco stem mulch with dose of 50% (7 ton/ ha); 3) ST2= stone terrace + Setaria spacelata grass strip on a 5 cm height dike at terrace lips + tobacco stem mulch with dose of 100% (14 ton/ ha); 4) ST3= stone terrace + tobacco and red bean intercropping + tobacco stem mulch with dose of 50% (7 ton/ ha). 5) BT0= bench terrace (control); 6) BT1= bench terrace + Setaria spacelata grass strip at terrace lips + tobacco stem mulch with dose of 50% (7 ton/ ha); 7) BT2= bench terrace + Setaria spacelata grass strip at terrace lips + tobacco stem mulch with dose of 100% (14 ton/ ha); 8) BT3= bench terrace + tobacco and red bean intercropping + tobacco stem mulch with dose of 50% (7 ton/ ha). The results showed that the actual erosion rates of research site were higher than that of tolerance erosion with mean value 89.08 ton/ha/year and 33.40 ton/ha/year, respectively. These resulted in 69% of total research site (5,119.15 ha) highly degraded. Conservation technique of ST2 was the most effective in suppressing soil erosion, by 42.87%, following with BT2 as much 30.63%. Others suppressed erosion only less than 21% Keywords—steep land, subwatershed, conservation ､ terrace, tolerance erosio

STUDI KERAGAAN AGROEKOSISTEM UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO PROPINSI JAWA TENGAH

Title : The Study of Habitual Agroecosystem to Develope Agriculture Potential at Sukoharjo Regency in Central Java. The research about habitual agroecosystem to develope agriculture potential at Sukoharjo Regency in Central Java. This research conducted from June until September, 2002. The results showed that Sukoharjo Regency regional base on the Schmidt-Ferguson climate have C-climate type (slightly wet) and D (moderate), can be separate into four (4) agroecosystem, e.i wet land, dry land, mixedfarm, and forest. Wet land agroecosystem grouped into types agroecosystem with parent rock Merapi Volcano, Aluvium, Lawu ejecta, and Wonosari-Punung formation. Dry land agroecosystem grouped into types agroecosystem with parent rock Lawu ejecta, Aluvium, and Mandalika-Wonosari-Punung formation. Mixedfarm agroecosystem grouped into types agroecosystem with parent rock Lawu ejecta, and Mandalika-Wonosari-Punung formation. Whereas forest agroecosystem exist on the Wonosari-Punung formation, and it management strategy toward as community based conservation regional. Keywords : Agroecosystem, Agriculture potential, Sukoharjo RegencyThe research about habitual agroecosystem to develope agriculture potential at Sukoharjo Regency in Central Java. This research conducted from June until September, 2002. The results showed that Sukoharjo Regency regional base on the Schmidt-Ferguson climate have C-climate type (slightly wet) and D (moderate), can be separate into four (4) agroecosystem, e.i wet land, dry land, mixedfarm, and forest. Wet land agroecosystem grouped into types agroecosystem with parent rock Merapi Volcano, Aluvium, Lawu ejecta, and Wonosari-Punung formation. Dry land agroecosystem grouped into types agroecosystem with parent rock Lawu ejecta, Aluvium, and Mandalika-Wonosari-Punung formation. Mixedfarm agroecosystem grouped into types agroecosystem with parent rock Lawu ejecta, and Mandalika-Wonosari-Punung formation. Whereas forest agroecosystem exist on the Wonosari-Punung formation, and it management strategy toward as community based conservation regional. Keywords : Agroecosystem, Agriculture potential, Sukoharjo Regenc

PREDIKSI EROSI PADA BEBERAPA TIPE AGROEKOSISTEM DI SUB‐DAS SERANG HULU DAERAH TANGKAPAN WADUK KEDUNG OMBO JAWA TENGAH

Erosion Prediction on the Agroecosystem Types at Serang Hulu Sub‐Watershed Catchment Area Kedung Ombo Reservoir in Central Java. The research about erosion prediction on the agroecosystem types at Serang Hulu Sub‐Watershed catchment area Kedung Ombo reservoir in Central Java. The results showed that rain fall were classified slightly low‐high (1276‐2970 mm/year), rain erosivity index (R) 1546‐3894. The highest soil erosion value on the agroecosystem type of inhabitants forest is 166,56‐264,83 ton/ha/year. The lowest erosion value on the agroecosystem type irrigated paddy‐soil (1,74‐11,83 ton/ha/year), followed by rainfed field (7,28 ton/ha/year), forest protect (14,29 ton/ha/year), production forest (20,90 ton/ha/year), agroforestry (56,31 ton/ha/year), dryland ( 77,86 ton/ha/year), and mixed garden(134,34‐155,49 ton/ha/year). The efforts of soil and water conservation technique must be conducted especially for the agroecosystem inhabitants forest, mixed garden, dryland, and agroforestry to stabilize and sustainablize land productivity. Keywords: Agroecosystem, Erosion, Serang Hulu Sub‐WatershedThe research about erosion prediction on the agroecosystem types at Serang Hulu Sub‐Watershed catchment area Kedung Ombo reservoir in Central Java. The results showed that rain fall were classified slightly low‐high (1276‐2970 mm/year), rain erosivity index (R) 1546‐3894. The highest soil erosion value on the agroecosystem type of inhabitants forest is 166,56‐264,83 ton/ha/year. The lowest erosion value on the agroecosystem type irrigated paddy‐soil (1,74‐11,83 ton/ha/year), followed by rainfed field (7,28 ton/ha/year), forest protect (14,29 ton/ha/year), production forest (20,90 ton/ha/year), agroforestry (56,31 ton/ha/year), dryland ( 77,86 ton/ha/year), and mixed garden(134,34‐155,49 ton/ha/year). The efforts of soil and water conservation technique must be conducted especially for the agroecosystem inhabitants forest, mixed garden, dryland, and agroforestry to stabilize and sustainablize land productivity. Keywords: Agroecosystem, Erosion, Serang Hulu Sub‐Watershe

KAJIAN TINGKAT DEGRADASI LAHAN DAN KEMAMPUAN LAHAN PADA USAHATANI LAHAN KERING BERBASIS TEMBAKAU DI SUB-DAS PROGO HULU

Title : The study of land capability and land degradation level on tobacco-based upland farming at Progo Hulu Sub-watershed. The recent and also the future problems for Indonesian concerning with agricultural environment resources are land degradation and water resources restrictiveness. Agricultural technique without awareness to concerning to soil and water conservation principles on steep and high rainfall area had caused severe erosion and land degradation at upland area of Progo Hulu sub-watershed. Land Degradation that promoted by erosion at Progo Hulu sub-watershed contributed negative effects at on-site and out-site area. The results showed that: (1) The degradation levels on upland farming area of Progo Hulu sub-watershed (7.398,54 ha) are classified as: low (708.71 ha or 9.58%), moderate (5,119.15 ha or 69.19%) and high (1,570.68 ha or 21.23%); (2) The land capability classes were dominated by Class IV (3,624.93 ha or 49.00%), followed with Class VI (2,488.82 ha or 33.64%), Class III (697.99 ha or 9.43%), Class V (450.73 ha or 6.09%), and Class VII (136.06 ha or 1.84%). Keywords: land capability, land degradation, Progo Hulu Sub-watershedThe recent and also the future problems for Indonesian concerning with agricultural environment resources are land degradation and water resources restrictiveness. Agricultural technique without awareness to concerning to soil and water conservation principles on steep and high rainfall area had caused severe erosion and land degradation at upland area of Progo Hulu sub-watershed. Land Degradation that promoted by erosion at Progo Hulu sub-watershed contributed negative effects at on-site and out-site area. The results showed that: (1) The degradation levels on upland farming area of Progo Hulu sub-watershed (7.398,54 ha) are classified as: low (708.71 ha or 9.58%), moderate (5,119.15 ha or 69.19%) and high (1,570.68 ha or 21.23%); (2) The land capability classes were dominated by Class IV (3,624.93 ha or 49.00%), followed with Class VI (2,488.82 ha or 33.64%), Class III (697.99 ha or 9.43%), Class V (450.73 ha or 6.09%), and Class VII (136.06 ha or 1.84%). Keywords: land capability, land degradation, Progo Hulu Sub-watershe

Analisis Kemampuan Lahan pada Sistem Pertanian di Sub-DAS Serang Daerah Tangkapan Waduk Kedung Ombo

Title : Land Capability Analysis on Farming System at  Serang Sub-Watershed Kedung Ombo Reservoir Catchment Area. Soil conservation in principle is  using the land according to its capability and keep them from damage. This study aims at assessing the land capability classes of farming systems at Serang sub-watershed and evaluate their usages. The results showed that the land capability dominated by Class II (12,096.90 ha, 40.6%), followed by Class III (11,598.92 ha, 38.9%), Class IV (2,879.11 ha, 9.7%), Class I (1,333.14 ha, 4.5%), Class VIII (712.57 ha, 2.4%),  Class VII (684.97 ha, 2.3%) and Class VI (512.84 ha, 1.7%). The main resistance factors are slope and soil deepth for class II; slope,  soil deepth, drainage and erosion for class III; slope and erosion for class IV; and slope for class VIII, VII and VI. The results showed that 94% farm lands at Serang sub-watershed was suitable to its land capability and only 6.0% were not suitable

Pengaruh Perlakuan Mulsa Batang Jagung Dan Strip Penguat Teras Terhadap Limpasan Permukaan, Erosi Dan Hasil USAha Tani (Application Effect of Corn Stem Mulch and Strengthened Terrace Strips Toward Runoff, Erosion and Farm Yield)

A Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) technology is site-specific to the conditions of local farmers. Field trials treatment of crop residue mulch and strengthened terrace strips has been done on dryland farming in Upper Solo and Keduang Sub Watersheds. The results showed: 1) corn + cassava + traditional terrace in Upper Solo Sub Watershed with treatments of: a) 8 ton/ha corn stems mulch and Setaria Grass strip (0-5 months) to strengthen terraces could decrease run off (16.3%) and erosion (31.2%), b) 8 ton/ha corn stems mulch combined with Jali strip decreased run off (11.3%) and erosion (26.9%), and c) 8 ton/ha corn stems mulch combined with Akar Wangi strip decreased run off (10.2%) and erosion (25.9%); and 2) cabbage, red lentils/red bean, and white lentils in Keduang Sub Watershed with treatments of: a) mulching of 12 ton/ha corn stems combined with Kolojono Grass strip (0-4 months) to strengthen terraces decreased run off (4.5%) and erosion (15.5%), b) mulching 8 ton/ha corn stems combined with Akar Wangi strip decreased run off (4.0%) and erosion (14.4%), and c) mulching 4 ton/ha corn stems combined with Jali strip decreased run off (2.4%) and erosion (13.3%). Giving of 12 ton/ha corn stems mulch could increase yield of cabbage (31.2%), red bean (40.3%), and white lentils (14.5%)

Prediksi Bahaya Erosi dengan Metode USLE di KHDTK Gunung Bromo UNS

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat bahaya erosi di KHDTK Gunung Bromo UNS berdasarkan rumus USLE. Berdasarkan rumus yang digunakan, maka diperlukan empat jenis peta sebagai dasar perhitungan tingkat bahaya erosi, yaitu peta curah hujan, peta jenis tanah, peta kemiringan lereng, dan peta tutupan lahan. Peta kemiringan lereng diklasifikasikan menjadi 7 kelas dan peta tutupan lahan dibagi menjadi 6 tutupan lahan. Proses overlay dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil akhir Peta SPL. Survei lapangan dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data kemiringan lereng, jenis tutupan, serta jenis konservasi lahan dan analisis laboratorium dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data tekstur, struktur, dan permeabilitas tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat bahaya erosi di KHDTK Gunung Bromo UNS meliputi ringan hingga sangat berat. Kelas ringan yang mendominasi seluas 66,24 ha atau 53,1% dari seluruh wilayah KHDTK Gunung Bromo. Lahan dengan tingkat bahaya erosi sangat berat merupakan lahan dengan tutupan bekas persemaian yang didominasi lahan kosong. Kategori tingkat bahaya erosi berat hingga sangat berat di KHDTK Gunung Bromo ditemukan di lahan peremajaan pinus yang merupakan tegalan garapan masyarakat dan lahan bekas persemaian yang didominasi lahan kosong. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai data dasar untuk membuat rencana pengelolaan tanah dan tindakan konservasi yang tepat

Kajian Bahan Organik Tanah dengan Porositas Tanah pada Berbagai Tanaman Penutup Lahan di KHDTK Gunung Bromo UNS

Tanaman penutup lahan merupakan pemasok seresah sebagai sumber bahan organik tanah. Bahan organik pada tanah memengaruhi sifat fisik tanah dalam hal ini adalah porositas tanah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Gunung Bromo Kecamatan Karanganyar Kabupaten Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada enam tutupan lahan yang ada di wilayah tersebut, yaitu Pinus, Mahoni, Pinus-Mahoni, Campuran, Semusim dan Bekas Persemaian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai tutupan lahan terhadap bahan organik tanah dan porositas tanah di KHDTK Gunung Bromo UNS. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2019 hingga Januari 2020. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel tanah pada keenam tutupan lahan dengan tiga kali ulangan untuk dianalisis di laboratorium tanah, Program Studi Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian Tanah, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Tanaman penutup lahan memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai bahan organik tanah namun tidak memengaruhi porositas tanah, porositas tanah dipengaruhi oleh kandungan bahan organik tanah pada berbagai tutupan lahan di KHDTK Gunung Bromo UNS

Penilaian Karbon Organik Tanah (Soil Organic Carbon) Pada Tegakan Hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Merbabu (TNG-Merbabu)

Pulau Jawa beriklim tropik basah memiliki beranekaragam tegakan vegetasi. Setiap tegakan vegetasi mempunyai  komposisi jenis, umur, serta kerapatan yang bervariasi dan berpengaruh pada  tingkat kesuburan tanah. Penelitian ini mengkaji karbon organik tanah (soil organic carbon) dibawah tegakan hutan TNG-Merbabu (pinus, puspa, akasia, bintamin, dan campuran), serta tegalan pada kedalaman  tanah 0-30 cm. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei dan analisa laboratorium. Pengamatan analisis vegetasi dibuat SPP (Satuan Plot Pengamat) ukuran 50 m x 50 m dan diulang 3 kali, sedangkan karbon organik tanah parameter meliputi :  C-Organik dan BD (bulk density) tanah pada kedalaman 0-30 cm (0-10, 10-20, 20-30cm) dan diulang 3 kali. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif, dilanjutkan Uji-F dan Uji DMRT taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kandungan C-organik tanah pada tegakan hutan TNG-Merbabu mengalami penurunan sejalan dengan peningkatan kedalaman tanah (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm), C-Organik tanah (kedalaman 0-10 cm) tertinggi pada tegakan puspa (9,53%) dan terendah pada tegakan pinus (2,85%), serta tegalan (2,12%)