The Restorative Effect of Red Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Fruit Extract on Pulmonary Tissue of Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Since the damage to alveolar tissue due to cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) is lipid peroxidation, antioxidant treatment is needed. *e red guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit contains antioxidants derived from quercetin, lycopene, and vitamin C. *is study aimed to determine the effect of red guava fruit extract (RGFE) on the alveolar tissue of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. *e 25 rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into five groups. *econtrol and T0 groups were only administered placebo, while T1, T2, and T3 groups were orally administered RGFE of 18.9, 37.8, and 56.7 mg/kg body weight daily for 44 days. *e CSE dose of 20 suctions daily was conducted on T0, T1, T2, and T3 groups on days 15–44. On day 45, all rats were sacrificed for serum collection and histopathological lung slides with eosin-nigrosin staining. *e result showed that CSE caused an increase (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, cell death, apoptosis, and necrosis percentages, congestion and thickening of alveolar septum tissue, and reduction in the alveolar diameter and alveolar number. Administration of RGFE suppressed those effects, and the highest dose of RGFE (T3) restored (p > 0.05) MDA levels, percentage of apoptotic and necrosis, alveolar septal thickening, and alveolar diameter. However, the percentages of cell death, alveolar congestion, and the alveolar number were still worse (p < 0.05) than in normal rats. It could be concluded that RGFE has proved relief and restoration of the alveolar tissue of rats exposed to cigarette smoke

PERBANDINGAN KADAR VITAMIN D DAN KALSIUM SERUM ANTARA PEDERITA ANAK EPILEPSI YANG BARU DIDIAGNOSIS DAN 6 BULAN SETELAH TERAPI

PENDAHULUAN. Penderita epilepsi anak harus minum obat anti epilepsi jangka panjang. Penggunaan obat antiepilepsi jangka panjang dapat menurunkan kadar vitamin D . Vitamin D yang rendah akan menyebabkan kadar kalsium darah rendah mengakibatkan gangguan pertumbuhan tulang. Beberapa penelitian memberikan hasil yang bervariasi sehingga hubungan vitamin D dan kalsium serum masih kontrovesi. METODE. Penelitian bersifat analitik observasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Alat pemeriksaan vitamin D menggunakan metode ELFA (enzyme linked fluororescent assay) dengan alat Vidas dari bioMerieux. Sampel dikumpulkan selama bulan Juni – Agustus 2018 dari ruang rawat inap dan poli rawat jalan anak. Sampel dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu diagnosis baru epilepsi dan 6 bulan setelah terapi. Masing-masing kelompok diukiur kadar vitamin D dan kalsium serum kemudian dinilai hubungan kedua parameter. HASIL. Dari 19 subyek diagnosis baru epilepsi didapatkan vitamin D rendah sebanyak 57,9%, kalsium rendah sebanyak 10,5%. Dari 20 subyek 6 bulan setelah terapi didapatkan 70% subyek vitamin D rendah, kalsium rendah sebanyak 25%. PEMBAHASAN. Kadar vitamin D rendah dan kalsium rendah lebih banyak didapatkan pada kelompok terapi anti epilepsi ≥ 6 bulan daripada kelompok diagnosis baru epilepsi. Kadar vitamin D rendah dapat disebabkan karena peggunaan obat antiepilepsi jangka panjang yang akan mempengaruhi kadar kalsium serum. SIMPULAN. Penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar vitamin D dengan kalsium serum pada penderita epilepsi anak yang baru didiagnosis dan ≥ 6 bulan setelah terapi

THE EFFECT OF ADMINISTERING AFRICAN BITTER LEAF EXTRACT ON SPERMATOGENIC CELLS OF HYPERGLYCEMIC WISTAR RATS

Introduction: Diabetes is still a world health problem that can cause many complications.Male infertility is one of the diabetic complications. This condition is caused by oxidativestress in diabetic patients. African bitter leaf is believed to contain an antioxidant compoundthat can repair male infertility. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of administering African bitter leaf extracton spermatogenic cell count in hyperglycemic Wistar rats. Method: This study use Rattus norvegicus as an animal model, which was administrated withalloxan to induce hyperglycemic. P0 group were given Na CMC 0,1%, Control group were given glibenclamide 0,63/kg bodyweight for 14 days. 100mg/kg bodyweight (P1), 200mg/kg (P2), and 400mg/kg (P3) of African bitter leaf extract were administrated for 14 days. In theend, the animals were sacrificed, and testicle histopathologic sections were made. Results: Significant result (P<0,05) comparing spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, andspermatid count between groups. Post-hoc test shows the significant result on comparison ofprimary spermatocyte and spermatid count between P0 and P1.Conclusions: There is an effect of bitter leaf extract administration on spermatogenic cellcount in hyperglycemic Wistar rats. The best improvement can be observed in the P1 group,administered with 100mg/kg bodyweight African bitter leaf

THE EFFECT OF PERORAL POLYVINYL CHLORIDE MICROPLASTIC ON THE VALUE OF PROTHROMBIN TIME AND ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME IN RATTUS NORVEGICUS WISTAR STRAIN

Introduction: Microplastics can enter the human digestive system as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Microplastics ingested by humans will accumulate in several organs. Microplastic accumulation in the liver causes inflammation, which damages hepatocyte cells, impairing liver synthesis function, one of which is the synthesis of blood clotting factors.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oral microplastic polyvinyl chloride on prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar (APTT).Method: The experimental design incorporated a post-test-only control group. There were 12 rats randomly assigned to the control (K) or experimental (E) groups. For 28 days, Group E was exposed to microplastic type PVC at a concentration of up to 0.5 mg/day in 1 cc of Aquabidest via an oral probe. Blood samples were analyzed using a coagulation analyzer at BBLK Surabaya. The statistical test used an independent t-test.Result: There was a significant difference in the mean PT value of group K (9.8 ± 0.99 seconds) compared to group E (14.23 ± 9 seconds) (p=0.024) and the mean APTT value of group K(18.32 ± 7.96 seconds) compared to group E(26.1 ± 18.15 seconds) (p=0.022).Discussion: These findings confirm the theory that exposure to polyvinyl chloride microplastics in the liver can induce hepatocyte cell inflammation and impair the liver's ability to synthesize blood clotting factors, resulting in prolonged PT and APTT values.Conclusion: Oral administration of PVC microplastic affects PT and APTT values

Efek Anti Diabetes Buah Pare (Momordica charantia Linn.) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah, Sel Penyusun Pulau Langerhans dan Sel Leydig pada Tikus Putih Hiperglikemia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan ekstrak buah pare (Momordica charantia Linn.) terhadap kadar glukosa darah, sel penyusun pulau Langerhans dan sel Leydig tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) hiperglikemia. Tikus putih sebanyak 25 ekor dibagi secara acak menjadi 5 kelompok. Induksi aloksan dengan dosis 150 mg/kgbb secara intraperitoneal untuk menimbulkan kerusakan pankreas dilakukan pada 5 kelompok perlakuan. Tiga kelompok perlakuan diterapi dengan berbagai dosis ekstrak buah pare, (P1) 29 mg/1ml/hari, (P2) 50 mg/1ml/hari, dan (P3) 59 mg/1ml/hari, satu kelompok sebagai kontrol negatif (P0) diberi CMC Na 0,5% 1ml/hari, kontrol positif (K+) diberi Glibenclamide® 0,126 mg/1ml/hari. Ekstrak buah pare diberikan selama 21 hari. Kadar glukosa diperiksa setelah 2 jam, 4 jam, 6 jam dan 8 jam pascapemberian dihari pertama. Kadar glukosa selanjutnya diperiksa pada hari ke 7, 14 dan 21. Semua tikus dieuthanasia setelah 21 hari perlakuan, pankreas dan testis diambil untuk dibuat preparat histopatologi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah pare (Momordica charantia Linn.) memiliki efek antidiabetik yang dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah, meningkatkan jumlah sel insula Langerhans dan meningkatkan jumlah sel Leydig pada dosis 50 mg/1ml/hari pada hari ke 21 setelah perlakuan

POST COVID-19 SYNDROME EFFECT ON DAILY LIFE ACTIVITIES

The Covid-19 pandemic had a big impact on the world over the past two years., and it is estimated that 1 in 10 people have been infected. The development of prevention and treatment systems can reduce mortality, but a new problem has emerged in the group of survivors. New clinical complaints, Getting COVID-19 again or having ongoing symptoms of COVID-19 for four weeks after the first infection, can affect a wide variety of organ functions. The long-term effects of having COVID-19, like feeling tired, having trouble breathing, chest pain, difficulty thinking, and joint pain, can make life worse. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method using an online questionnaire. The results showed that some residual symptoms that respondents still felt after four weeks since being infected with COVID-19, such as fatigue easily (80%), joint pain (63.3%), insomnia (56.7%), depressive symptoms (53.3%), shortness of breath (50%), impaired concentration and memory (50%), livelihood disorders (43.3%), cough (40%), respiratory disorders (36.7%), weight loss and appetite (33.3%), fever (26.7%). Overall, it was found that 20% of COVID-19 survivors experienced daily activity disruptions assessed using the Modifications of Barthel Index and EQ-5D-5L questionnaires

The Effect Of Peroral Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastic On The Value Of Prothrombin Time And Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time In Rattus Norvegicus Wistar Strain

Introduction: Microplastics can enter the human digestive system as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Microplastics ingested by humans will accumulate in several organs. Microplastic accumulation in the liver causes inflammation, which damages hepatocyte cells, impairing liver synthesis function, one of which is the synthesis of blood clotting factors. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oral microplastic polyvinyl chloride on prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar (APTT). Method: The experimental design incorporated a post-test-only control group. There were 12 rats randomly assigned to the control (K) or experimental (E) groups. For 28 days, Group E was exposed to microplastic type PVC at a concentration of up to 0.5 mg/day in 1 cc of Aquabidest via an oral probe. Blood samples were analyzed using a coagulation analyzer at BBLK Surabaya. The statistical test used an independent t-test. Result: There was a significant difference in the mean PT value of group K (9.8 ± 0.99 seconds) compared to group E (14.23 ± 9 seconds) (p=0.024) and the mean APTT value of group K(18.32 ± 7.96 seconds) compared to group E(26.1 ± 18.15 seconds) (p=0.022). Discussion: These findings confirm the theory that exposure to polyvinyl chloride microplastics in the liver can induce hepatocyte cell inflammation and impair the liver's ability to synthesize blood clotting factors, resulting in prolonged PT and APTT values. Conclusion: Oral administration of PVC microplastic affects PT and APTT values

LITERATURE REVIEW: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL SERUM ALBUMIN LEVELS AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW)LITERATURE REVIEW: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL SERUM ALBUMIN LEVELS AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW)

Background: There are physiological changes during pregnancy, one of which is an increase in mother’s nutritional needs, which is protein. The most abundant plasma protein component is albumin; hypoalbuminemia is serum albumin levels below the normal values, which it can occur due to malnutrition, inflammation, kidney or liver damage where albumin is synthesized. Good nutritional status in pregnant women can prevent Low Birth Weight (LBW), while hypoalbuminemia in pregnant women can increase the risk of LBW. LBW is neonatal birth weight <2500 grams that can cause neonatal death and increase the risk of other diseases. LBW is a global problem, and in Indonesia LBW was also the most common cause of neonatal death in 2019 with a percentage of 35.3%. In Surabaya, there were 703 LBW cases (1.6%) in 2019; moreover, there were 15 LBW cases (1.92%) at Jagir Health Center in 2020. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the association between maternal serum albumin levels and LBW. Method: The method used in this thesis is literature review with 10 research journals. The literatures that used in this literature review are journals with topics that related to the association between maternal serum albumin levels and neonatal birth weight. Result: From this literature review, there are 5 research journals conclude that there is a significant association between maternal serum albumin levels and neonatal birth weight.Conclusion: In conclusion, there is a possible association between maternal serum albumin levels and neonatal birth weight. Keywords: maternal serum albumin, hypoalbuminemia, birth weight, LB