3D Model Based on Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Case study: The Cangkuang Temple, Garut District, West Java, Indonesia

The subject of the  investigation reported in this paper is  the visualization of three-dimensional (3D) surface models in a 3D mapping survey using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). The Cangkuang Temple nearby Garut City was chosen as the object. The laser technology instruments used were a Topcon GLS-1000 (Geodetic Laser Scanner) and a Topcon IS (Image Station). Twelve points at  the same position in each 3D surface model  were selected.  The coordinate system of the IS was then transformed into the coordinate system of the GLS-1000 using a 3D similarity transformation model. The 3D distances were calculated for each model.  Differences  in distance were considered as errors  in the x, y,  and z  direction.  The standard deviation of the  distance differences was ±0.301 m. Some of the distance differences did not fall within the range of tolerances (about 15%). The 3D surface model visualization of the Cangkuang Temple that was created from the GLS-1000 data was more precise than the one created from the IS data. In the future, such 3D surface model visualizations could be used for documentation, preservation and reconstruction of heritage buildings

3D Landscape Recording and Modeling of Individual Trees

The 3D city/landscape model is digital representation of real environment that can be used for planner or landscape architecture in urban development planning. That model’s more focused on building, whereas vegetation model’s also needed for urban planning simulation. This research purposes are to map existing vegetation and to generate individual trees model in some level of details. The research area is campus of ITB Jatinangor and the used data are orthophoto and DSM from UAV-Photogrammetry technology. Manual segmentation, classification, and NDSM generation process can provide tree information (position, crown diameter, species, height)-as 3D vegetation modeling input. It’s also necessary to provide classification, information, detail level, and visualization of vegetation model according to landscape architecture analysis needs. This research results are 3D vegetation models in LoD 1-3 with differents information based on appearance, geometry, semantic, and topology aspects of CityGML. Models then tested qualitatively based on visualization and sun shadow analysis. For visualization, the used data only able to generate LoD 1 and 2 vegetation model and the minimum LoD required for sun shadow analysis is LoD 2. Terrestrial data, which provide the real form and size of each tree part, is needed to generate LoD 3 vegetation model

Coordinate Systems Integration for Craniofacial Database from Multimodal Devices

This study presents a data registration method for craniofacial spatial data of different modalities. The data consists of three dimensional (3D) vector and raster data models. The data is stored in object relational database. The data capture devices are Laser scanner, CT (Computed Tomography) scan and CR (Close Range) Photogrammetry. The objective of the registration is to transform the data from various coordinate systems into a single 3-D Cartesian coordinate system. The standard error of the registration obtained from multimodal imaging devices using 3D affine transformation is in the ranged of 1-2 mm. This study is a step forward for storing the craniofacial spatial data in one reference system in database

Implementation of SExI–FS (Spatially Explicit Individual-based Forest Simulator) Model using UAV Aerial Photo Data Case Study: Jatinangor ITB Campus

Landscape architecture affected by interaction between built and natural environment such as vegetation. Nowadays, landscape architects are using 3D city models for simulations, which requires highly dynamic and time-varying attributes. 3D city modelling structure has been standardized by CityGML, although researches that are related to the storing of dynamic data had been conducted for the past years, it has not been supported by any standard until this very moment. In dynamizer, it is added as a data structure into a CityGML structure that is already existed, although the existing structure is a static one. Kolbe’s research on dynamic data using CityGML called dynamizer could use the spatial data in more dynamic way by changing its geometric, thematic, or appearance data, but its purpose is not specific for trees or vegetation. In this paper, a method of simulating the vegetation growth using SeXI-FS will be discussed to show the dynamic changes that happen in vegetation as part of the dynamic changes in landscape architecture. The result of this research will be used to address the importance of information on vegetation by studying its changes in Jatinangor ITB Campus and as initial research to build dynamizer in CityGML for landscape architecture

GIS Based Analysis of Agroclimate Land Suitability for Banana Plants in Bali Province, Indonesia

The need for bananas in Bali far exceeds the production. To obtain optimal production according to their genetic potential, the development of banana cultivation should be preceded by a land suitability evaluation study. This study aims to evaluate the land suitability based on agroecological parameters such as rainfall, altitude, dry month, slope, and considering current land use. The results showed that 257.467 ha or 46.16% of the area of Bali Province has the potential to be planted with bananas. Buleleng Regency has the widest area for the development of banana plants, followed by Karangasem, Tabanan, Jembrana and Bangli. Denpasar town has the smallest suitable area. Based on the observed agroclimate parameters, slope is the most severe limiting factor in banana cultivation, while rainfall, altitude, and dry months are not significant limiting factors. Recommended land use for the development of banana plants is garden, grass, rain-fed rice field, scrub, bare land, and moor

Identification of Banana Plants from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Photos Using Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) Method (A Case Study in Sayang Village, Jatinangor District, West Java)

  Banana is one of the leading fruit commodities of Indonesia and ranks the sixth position as one of the largest banana producers in the world. There are more than 200 types of banana in Indonesia. The utilization of bananas is influenced by the local culture, where in every 10 horticultural households, 5 of them plant bananas both as garden plants or field plants. This horticultural crop is expectantly being one of the actions to improve economic prosperity especially in rural areas. In maintaining the diversity of the growing bananas in rural areas, a geospatial approach to identify the vegetation is required. Remote sensing technology is one of the solutions to observe and to develop banana plants with one of the methods namely Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA). This method consists of segmentation, classification, and validation. In classification process, the OBIA method distinguishes objects not only based on pixel values but also on the basis of the shape, area, and texture around them. This research has proven that the classification using OBIA method is better than the traditional classification such as maximum likelihood classification method to identify banana plants. OBIA method can quickly identifies the vegetation and non-vegetation, also the regular plants and banana plants