18 research outputs found
Aggressive behavior in early childhood : The role of prenatal risk and self-regulation
Kinderen die op jonge leeftijd een hoge mate van agressief gedrag laten zien hebben een verhoogd risico op problemen later in de ontwikkeling. Blootstelling aan risicofactoren tijdens de prenatale periode is in verband gebracht met de ontwikkeling van agressief gedrag. Echter, de mate waarin deze risicofactoren de ontwikkeling van het kind beĂŻnvloeden hangt deels af van de eigenschappen van het individuele kind, waaronder het vermogen tot zelfregulatie. In dit proefschrift is onderzocht hoe zelfregulatie, gemeten op fysiologisch, emotioneel en cognitief niveau, en prenatale risicofactoren de kwetsbaarheid voor agressief gedrag in de vroege kinderleeftijd vergroten en in hoeverre prenatale risicofactoren samenhangen met vroege zelfregulatie. Geconcludeerd kan worden dat 1) kinderen in de voorschoolse leeftijd met een verhoogde mate van agressief gedrag gekenmerkt worden door een specifieke combinatie van tekorten in zelfregulatie op emotioneel en cognitief niveau, 2) de impact van prenatale risicofactoren op de ontwikkeling van fysieke agressie in de peuterleeftijd afhankelijk is van fysiologische zelfregulatie in de babytijd, en 3) blootstelling aan prenatale risicofactoren voorspellend is voor fysiologische zelfregulatie in de babytijd. Deze bevindingen suggereren dat (preventieve) interventieprogrammaâs ter voorkoming van agressief gedrag zich moeten richten op zowel beĂŻnvloeden van prenatale omstandigheden als zelfregulatie in de vroege kindertijd.Development Psychopathology in context: clinical setting
Interaction between prenatal risk and infant parasympathetic and sympathetic stress reactivity predicts early aggression
Nonreciprocal action of the parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) nervous systems, increases susceptibility to emotional and behavioral problems in children exposed to adversity. Little is known about the PNS and SNS in interaction with early adversity during infancy. Yet this is when the physiological systems involved in emotion regulation are emerging and presumably most responsive to environmental influences. We examined whether parasympathetic respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and sympathetic pre-ejection period (PEP) response and recovery at six months, moderate the association between cumulative prenatal risk and physical aggression at 20 months (N = 113). Prenatal risk predicted physical aggression, but only in infants exhibiting coactivation of PNS and SNS (i.e., increase in RSA and decrease in PEP) in response to stress. These findings indicate that coactivation of the PNS and SNS in combination with prenatal risk is a biological marker for the development of aggression
Infant parasympathetic and sympathetic activity during baseline, stress and recovery: interactions with prenatal adversity predict physical aggression in toddlerhood
Exposure to prenatal adversity is associated with aggression later in life. Individual differences in autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning, specifically nonreciprocal activation of the parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) nervous systems, increase susceptibility to aggression, especially in the context of adversity. Previous work examining interactions between early adversity and ANS functioning in infancy is scarce and has not examined interaction between PNS and SNS. This study examined whether the PNS and SNS moderate the relation between cumulative prenatal risk and early physical aggression in 124 children (57% male). Cumulative risk (e.g., maternal psychiatric disorder, substance (ab)use, and social adversity) was assessed during pregnancy. Parasympathetic respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and sympathetic pre-ejection period (PEP) at baseline, in response to and during recovery from emotional challenge were measured at 6 months. Physical aggression and non-physical aggression/oppositional behavior were measured at 30 months. The results showed that cumulative prenatal risk predicted elevated physical aggression and non-physical aggression/oppositional behavior in toddlerhood; however, the effects on physical aggression were moderated by PNS and SNS functioning. Specifically, the effects of cumulative risk on physical aggression were particularly evident in children characterized by low baseline PNS activity and/or by nonreciprocal activity of the PNS and SNS, characterized by decreased activity (i.e., coinhibition) or increased activity (i.e., coactivation) of both systems at baseline and/or in response to emotional challenge. These findings extend our understanding of the interaction between perinatal risk and infant ANS functioning on developmental outcome
Infant Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Activity during Baseline, Stress and Recovery: Interactions with Prenatal Adversity Predict Physical Aggression in Toddlerhood.
Exposure to prenatal adversity is associated with aggression later in life. Individual differences in autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning, specifically nonreciprocal activation of the parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) nervous systems, increase susceptibility to aggression, especially in the context of adversity. Previous work examining interactions between early adversity and ANS functioning in infancy is scarce and has not examined interaction between PNS and SNS. This study examined whether the PNS and SNS moderate the relation between cumulative prenatal risk and early physical aggression in 124 children (57% male). Cumulative risk (e.g., maternal psychiatric disorder, substance (ab)use, and social adversity) was assessed during pregnancy. Parasympathetic respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and sympathetic pre-ejection period (PEP) at baseline, in response to and during recovery from emotional challenge were measured at 6 months. Physical aggression and non-physical aggression/oppositional behavior were measured at 30 months. The results showed that cumulative prenatal risk predicted elevated physical aggression and non-physical aggression/oppositional behavior in toddlerhood; however, the effects on physical aggression were moderated by PNS and SNS functioning. Specifically, the effects of cumulative risk on physical aggression were particularly evident in children characterized by low baseline PNS activity and/or by nonreciprocal activity of the PNS and SNS, characterized by decreased activity (i.e., coinhibition) or increased activity (i.e., coactivation) of both systems at baseline and/or in response to emotional challenge. These findings extend our understanding of the interaction between perinatal risk and infant ANS functioning on developmental outcome.Development Psychopathology in context: clinical setting
Infant autonomic nervous system response and recovery: Associations with maternal risk status and infant emotion regulation
Development Psychopathology in context: clinical setting
Maturation of the cardiac autonomic nervous system activity in children and adolescents
Education and Child Studie
Maturation of the Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Children and Adolescents
Background
Despite the increasing interest in cardiac autonomic nervous activity, the normal development is not fully understood. The main aim was to determine the maturation of different cardiac sympatheticâ(SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity parameters in healthy patients aged 0.5 to 20 years. A second aim was to determine potential sex differences.
Methods and Results
Five studies covering the 0.5â to 20âyear age range provided impedanceâ and electrocardiography recordings from which heart rate, different PNSâparameters (eg, respiratory sinus arrhythmia) and an SNSâparameter (preâejection period) were collected. Age trends were computed in the mean values across 12 ageâbins and in the ageâspecific variances. Age was associated with changes in mean and variance of all parameters. PNSâactivity followed a cubic trend, with an exponential increase from infancy, a plateau phase during middle childhood, followed by a decrease to adolescence. SNSâactivity showed a more linear trend, with a gradual decrease from infancy to adolescence. Boys had higher SNSâactivity at ages 11 to 15 years, while PNSâactivity was higher at 5 and 11 to 12 years with the plateau level reached earlier in girls. Interindividual variation was high at all ages. Variance was reasonably stable for SNSâ and the logâtransformed PNSâparameters.
Conclusions
Cardiac PNSâ and SNSâactivity in childhood follows different maturational trajectories. Whereas PNSâactivity shows a cubic trend with a plateau phase during middle childhood, SNSâactivity shows a linear decrease from 0.5 to 20 years. Despite the large samples used, clinical use of the sexâspecific centile and percentile normative values is modest in view of the large individual differences, even within narrow age bands.National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; National Initiative for Brain and Cognition Research; European Commission under the 7th Framework Health Program with Grant; The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw); The Dutch Heart Foundatio
Infant Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Activity during Baseline, Stress and Recovery: Interactions with Prenatal Adversity Predict Physical Aggression in Toddlerhood
Aggressive behavior in early childhood : The role of prenatal risk and self-regulation
Kinderen die op jonge leeftijd een hoge mate van agressief gedrag laten zien hebben een verhoogd risico op problemen later in de ontwikkeling. Blootstelling aan risicofactoren tijdens de prenatale periode is in verband gebracht met de ontwikkeling van agressief gedrag. Echter, de mate waarin deze risicofactoren de ontwikkeling van het kind beĂŻnvloeden hangt deels af van de eigenschappen van het individuele kind, waaronder het vermogen tot zelfregulatie. In dit proefschrift is onderzocht hoe zelfregulatie, gemeten op fysiologisch, emotioneel en cognitief niveau, en prenatale risicofactoren de kwetsbaarheid voor agressief gedrag in de vroege kinderleeftijd vergroten en in hoeverre prenatale risicofactoren samenhangen met vroege zelfregulatie. Geconcludeerd kan worden dat 1) kinderen in de voorschoolse leeftijd met een verhoogde mate van agressief gedrag gekenmerkt worden door een specifieke combinatie van tekorten in zelfregulatie op emotioneel en cognitief niveau, 2) de impact van prenatale risicofactoren op de ontwikkeling van fysieke agressie in de peuterleeftijd afhankelijk is van fysiologische zelfregulatie in de babytijd, en 3) blootstelling aan prenatale risicofactoren voorspellend is voor fysiologische zelfregulatie in de babytijd. Deze bevindingen suggereren dat (preventieve) interventieprogrammaâs ter voorkoming van agressief gedrag zich moeten richten op zowel beĂŻnvloeden van prenatale omstandigheden als zelfregulatie in de vroege kindertijd.</div
Prenatal Reflective Functioning and Accumulated Risk as Predictors of Maternal Interactive Behavior During Free Play, the Still-Face Paradigm, and Two Teaching Tasks
Public Health and primary carePrevention, Population and Disease management (PrePoD