Future freeze forecasting

Real time GOES thermal data acquisition, an energy balance minimum temperature prediction model and a statistical model are incorporated into a minicomputer system. These components make up the operational "Satellite Freeze Forecast System" being used to aid NOAA, NWS forecasters in developing their freeze forecasts. The general concept of the system is presented in this paper. Specific detailed aspects of the system can be found in the reference cited

Patterns of Late Cenozoic exhumation deduced from apatite and zircon U-He ages from Fiordland, New Zealand

New apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He ages from the Fiordland region of New Zealand's South Island expand on earlier results and provide new constraints on patterns of Late Cenozoic exhumation and cooling across this region. Zircon (U-Th)/He cooling ages, in combination with increased density of apatite ages, show that in addition to a gradual northward decrease in cooling ages that was seen during an earlier phase of this study, there is also a trend toward younger cooling ages to the east. Distinct breaks in cooling age patterns on southwestern Fiordland appear to be correlated to the location of previously mapped faults. The northward decrease in ages may reflect asynchronous cooling related to migration in the locus of exhumation driven by subduction initiation, or it may reflect synchronous regional exhumation that exposed different structural levels across Fiordland, or some combination of these effects. In either case, differential exhumation accommodated by major and minor faults that dissect Fiordland basement rocks apparently played an important role in producing the resulting age patterns

Genomic regions associated with common root rot resistance in the barley variety Delta

Common root rot (CRR) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a serious disease constraint in the dry temperate cereal growing regions of the world. Currently little is known about the genetic control of resistance to CRR in cereals. In this study based on a Delta/Lindwall barley population we have undertaken a bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and whole genome mapping approach utilising Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) to identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with CRR expression. One QTL each was identified on chromosomes 4HL and 5HL explaining 12 and 11% of the phenotypic variance, respectively

Eisenstein Series and String Thresholds

We investigate the relevance of Eisenstein series for representing certain $G(Z)$-invariant string theory amplitudes which receive corrections from BPS states only. $G(Z)$ may stand for any of the mapping class, T-duality and U-duality groups $Sl(d,Z)$, $SO(d,d,Z)$ or $E_{d+1(d+1)}(Z)$ respectively. Using $G(Z)$-invariant mass formulae, we construct invariant modular functions on the symmetric space $K\backslash G(R)$ of non-compact type, with $K$ the maximal compact subgroup of $G(R)$, that generalize the standard non-holomorphic Eisenstein series arising in harmonic analysis on the fundamental domain of the Poincar\'e upper half-plane. Comparing the asymptotics and eigenvalues of the Eisenstein series under second order differential operators with quantities arising in one- and $g$-loop string amplitudes, we obtain a manifestly T-duality invariant representation of the latter, conjecture their non-perturbative U-duality invariant extension, and analyze the resulting non-perturbative effects. This includes the $R^4$ and $R^4 H^{4g-4}$ couplings in toroidal compactifications of M-theory to any dimension $D\geq 4$ and $D\geq 6$ respectively.Comment: Latex2e, 60 pages; v2: Appendix A.4 extended, 2 refs added, thms renumbered, plus minor corrections; v3: relation (1.7) to math Eis series clarified, eq (3.3) and minor typos corrected, final version to appear in Comm. Math. Phys; v4: misprints and Eq C.13,C.24 corrected, see note adde

Conservation laws in the continuum 1/r21/r^2 systems

We study the conservation laws of both the classical and the quantum mechanical continuum $1/r^2$ type systems. For the classical case, we introduce new integrals of motion along the recent ideas of Shastry and Sutherland (SS), supplementing the usual integrals of motion constructed much earlier by Moser. We show by explicit construction that one set of integrals can be related algebraically to the other. The difference of these two sets of integrals then gives rise to yet another complete set of integrals of motion. For the quantum case, we first need to resum the integrals proposed by Calogero, Marchioro and Ragnisco. We give a diagrammatic construction scheme for these new integrals, which are the quantum analogues of the classical traces. Again we show that there is a relationship between these new integrals and the quantum integrals of SS by explicit construction.Comment: 19 RevTeX 3.0 pages with 2 PS-figures include

Solution of Some Integrable One-Dimensional Quantum Systems

In this paper, we investigate a family of one-dimensional multi-component quantum many-body systems. The interaction is an exchange interaction based on the familiar family of integrable systems which includes the inverse square potential. We show these systems to be integrable, and exploit this integrability to completely determine the spectrum including degeneracy, and thus the thermodynamics. The periodic inverse square case is worked out explicitly. Next, we show that in the limit of strong interaction the "spin" degrees of freedom decouple. Taking this limit for our example, we obtain a complete solution to a lattice system introduced recently by Shastry, and Haldane; our solution reproduces the numerical results. Finally, we emphasize the simple explanation for the high multiplicities found in this model

THE ESTIMATION OF COTTON COSTS IN THE SOUTHEAST

Crop Production/Industries,

Why is timing of bird migration advancing when individuals are not?

Recent advances in spring arrival dates have been reported in many migratory species but the mechanism driving these advances is unknown. As population declines are most widely reported in species that are not advancing migration, there is an urgent need to identify the mechanisms facilitating and constraining these advances. Individual plasticity in timing of migration in response to changing climatic conditions is commonly proposed to drive these advances but plasticity in individual migratory timings is rarely observed. For a shorebird population that has significantly advanced migration in recent decades, we show that individual arrival dates are highly consistent between years, but that the arrival dates of new recruits to the population are significantly earlier now than in previous years. Several mechanisms could drive advances in recruit arrival, none of which require individual plasticity or rapid evolution of migration timings. In particular, advances in nest-laying dates could result in advanced recruit arrival, if benefits of early hatching facilitate early subsequent spring migration. This mechanism could also explain why arrival dates of short-distance migrants, which generally return to breeding sites earlier and have greater scope for advance laying, are advancing more rapidly than long-distance migrants