CONCEPÇÕES DOS BOLSISTAS DO PIBID SOBRE OFICINAS TEMÁTICAS PARA A FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES DE QUÍMICA DA UFS

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Pilhados: um software para o ensino de pilhas

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Otoliths-composed gelatin/sodium alginate scaffolds for bone regeneration

Evidence that otoliths, mineral-rich limestone concrescences present in the inner ear of bone fishes, can accelerate bone formation in vivo has been previously reported. The goal of this work was the development, characterization, and evaluation of the cytocompatibility of otoliths-incorporated sodium alginate and gelatin scaffolds. Cynoscion acoupaderived otoliths were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (FRX), particle size, free lime, and weight loss by calcination. Furthermore, otoliths were incorporated into sodium alginate (ALG/OTL-s) or gelatin (GEL/OTL-s) scaffolds, previously developed by freeze-drying. Then, the scaffolds were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR), swelling tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity assays were run against J774.G8 macrophages and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Data obtained from TGA/DTG, DSC, and FTIR analyses confirmed the interaction between otoliths and the polymeric scaffolds. SEM showed the homogeneous porous 3D structure rich in otolith micro-fragments in both scaffolds. Swelling of the GEL/OTL-s (63.54±3.0%) was greater than of ALG/OTL-s (13.36±9.9%) (p0.05) and significantly higher than that treated with Triton-X (p0.05). However, by 48 h, only ALG/OTL-s showed growth similar to control (p>0.05), whereas GEL/OTL showed a significantly lower growth index (p<0.05). In conclusion, the physicochemical profiles suggest proper interaction between the otoliths and the two developed polymeric 3D scaffolds. Moreover, both materials showed cytocompatibility with J774.G8 macrophages but the growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts was higher when exposed to ALG/OTL-s. These data suggest that sodium alginate/otoliths scaffolds are potential biomaterials to be used in bone regeneration applications.We would like to thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the Foundation for Research and Technological Innovation Support of the State of Sergipe for the financial support in this study. EMBS acknowledges the sponsorship of the projects M-ERA-NET-0004/2015-PAIRED and UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund), received support from the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation, Ministry of Science and Education (FCT/MEC) through national funds, and was co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Phosphine polypyridyl ruthenium complexes: catalysts in oxidations and reductions of organic compounds

O trabalho apresentado nesta tese é direcionado à preparação e caracterização de compostos aqua e diaquacomplexos polipiridínicos de rutênio(II). A partir da síntese do ligante tripiridina substituida (totpy) e dois ligantes bipiridínicos substituídos (Meo-bipy e NO2-bipy), obtiveram dois grupos de complexos, diferenciando-se em relação ao ligante bidentado fosfina: nonoaqua complexo [Ru(L)(totpy)(OH2)](PF6)2 e Ru(L)2(totpy)(OH2)](PF6)2 [totpy = 4\'-(4-toluil)-2,2\':6\',2\"-tripiridina, L = ligantes fosfínicos] (1) e diaqua complexo [Ru(L)(x-bipy)(OH2)2](PF6)2 (x-bipy = 4,4-dimetoxi-2,2-bipiridina e 4,4-dinitro-2,2-bipiridina, L = ligante bidentado) (2). As caracterizações dos compostos foram realizadas por microanálise, técnicas eletroquímicas (voltametria cíclica e pulso diferencial), EPR, RMN 31P e espectroscopia do u.v. visível. Em eletrocatálise homogênea foi estudado o comportamento eletroquímico dos complexos realizados em diferentes pHs, e suas habilidades como possíveis catalisadores foram testadas em experimentos de eletrooxidações de substratos orgânicos com diferentes funções (álcoois, aromáticos e alifáticos, alquilaromáticos, olefinas e éteres). Nos estudos de eletrocatálise heterogênea foi realizada a imobilização dos complexos em superfícies de eletrodos para a obtenção de eletrodos modificados através de eletrodos de pasta de carbono e eletrodos de carbono vítreo modificados com o monômero [4-(1H-pirrol-1-il)ácido benzóico]; e os testes de reatividade dos eletrodos foram realizados com alguns substratos utilizados em eletrocatálise homogênea. Nossos resultados mostraram que o sistema eletrocatalítico baseado na geração eletroquímica do [Ru(P-P)(totpy)(O)]2+ e [Ru(P-P)(bpy)(O2)]2+ são potencialmente capaz de procedimentos gerais e seletivos para a oxidação de uma série de moléculas orgânicas. A habilidade dos complexos de rutênio para atuar como catalisadores, apresentam dois fatores chave: (a) reatividade característica, através da acessibilidade múltipla de transferência de prótons e elétrons; (b) estabilidade coordenativa nos vários estados de oxidação. As reações de transferência de hidrogênio (reações de reduções) utilizando os aqua/diaqua complexos e seus precursores foram investigadas sob condições similares às descritas em literatura; usando como doador de hidrogênio o isopropanol. Altos valores de conversão de acetofena em 1-feniletanol e carvona em carveol, foram obtidos por alguns sistemas, entretanto, observa-se que existem diferenças acentuadas nos tempos de reações. Os rendimentos elevados (exceção aos compostos com ligantes NO2-bipy) comprovam que o uso de ligantes mistos fósforo-nitrogênio leva também a um aumento da atividade catalítica, e que possivelmente os outros ligantes coordenados ao complexo não interferem na atividade catalítica de modo significante.In this work polypyridyl aquacomplexes of ruthenium(II) were synthesized and applied in electrooxidations or electrocatalytic oxidations of organic compounds and reduction reactions of ketones. Monoaquacomplexes of ruthenium [Ru(P-P)(totpy)(OH2)](PF6)2, [Ru(PP) 2(totpy)(OH2)](PF6)2 [totpy = 4\'-(4-tolyl)-2,2\':6\',2\"-terpyridine, P-P = phosphine ligand] and diaquacomplexes of ruthenium [Ru(P-P)(x-bipy)(OH2)2](PF6)2 (x-bipy = 4,4-dimethoxy-2,2- bipyridine; 4,4-dinitro-2,2-bipyridine; P-P = phosphine ligand) were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by voltammetric and spectroscopic methods and microanalysis. The complexes were used in electrooxidations of organic compounds with different functional groups. Benzyl alcohol was oxidized to benzaldehyde, cyclohexene to 2- cyclohexen-1-one, 1-pentanol to 1-pentanal, cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone, 1,2-butanediol to 1-hidroxi-2-butanone and 1,4-butanediol to -butyrolactone. Selectivity and good yields were obtained in the electrooxidations. Modified electrodes were obtained by incorporating the complexes to carbon paste electrode, and to poly-[4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzoic acid] which were deposited by anodic electropolimerization on glassy carbon electrode. Some complexes were used as catalysts in hydrogenation reactions of ketones, very good results were obtained in the conversion of acetophenone to 1-phenylethanol, and of carvone to carveol

Synthesis of MgB4O7 and Li2B4O7 crystals by proteic sol–gel and Pechini methods

Magnesium-tetraborates and lithium-tetraborates are excellent detectors for ionizing radiation. However, manufacturing these crystalline structures is challenging as it involves multi-step chemical processes and toxic reagents. Over the past decades, alternative production methods for crystals have been studied aiming at lowering production costs and environmental impact and at increasing production yield and reproducibility. Among these is the Pechini method, based on the formation of polymer chains containing uniformly distributed metal ions. Another method is a modified proteic sol–gel process using edible gelatins or coconut water instead of the alkoxides used in conventional processes. In this work, we searched optimal conditions for the synthesis of dosimetry-grade MgB4O7 and Li2B4O7 crystals with the Pechini and the proteic sol–gel methods. The crystal phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction and by thermal analyses. We determined that MgB4O7 can be synthesized either by calcination of the reagents at 900 °C for 2 h with the sol–gel approach, or at just 800 °C for 2 h with the Pechini method. Single-phase Li2B4O7 can be synthesized either by calcination of the reagents at 650 °C for 2 h with the sol–gel approach, or at just 600 °C for 2 h with the Pechini method. Our synthesis times and temperatures are lower than those reported in the literature, which reduces significantly production costs and environmental impact

Bioremediation potential of filamentous fungi in methylene blue: Solid and liquid culture media

ABSTRACT The evaluation of the bioremediation potential of microbial with dyes in solid and liquid culture media has been described, but prior studies have not mentioned which culture method is most appropriate for selection of microorganisms. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the bioremediation potential of filamentous fungi in liquid and solid culture media with methylene blue. The fungi isolates tested were Pleurotus ostreatoroseus (POR-SP1, POR-SP2), P. ostreatus (DF39, EF58 and EF60), Pycnoporus sanguineus (PS) and Fusidium sp. (FUS). The methylene blue concentrations tested were 0, 5, 10, and 50 mg L-1 in the solid medium and 0, 5, 25, 50, and 100 mg L-1 in the liquid medium. In the solid medium, the mycelial diameters of DF39, EF58, FUS, and PS were not influenced by the increase in dye concentration. In the liquid medium, DF39, EF58, EF60, and FUS showed a constant methylene blue degradation rate with increasing dye concentration. The dye degradation rate was correlated with the pH of the liquid medium for EF58, EF60, and FUS. The lower diameter growth in the solid medium did not influence the methylene blue dye degradation rate in the liquid medium