575 research outputs found
The Halo Boundary of Galaxy Clusters in the SDSS
Mass around dark matter halos can be divided into "infalling" material and
"collapsed" material that has passed through at least one pericenter.
Analytical models and simulations predict a rapid drop in the halo density
profile associated with the transition between these two regimes. Using data
from SDSS, we explore the evidence for such a feature in the density profiles
of galaxy clusters and investigate the connection between this feature and a
possible phase space boundary. We first estimate the steepening of the outer
galaxy density profile around clusters: the profiles show an abrupt steepening,
providing evidence for truncation of the halo profile. Next, we measure the
galaxy density profile around clusters using two sets of galaxies selected
based on color. We find evidence of an abrupt change in the galaxy colors that
coincides with the location of the steepening of the density profile. Since
galaxies are likely to be quenched of star formation and turn red inside of
clusters, this change in the galaxy color distribution can be interpreted as
the transition from an infalling regime to a collapsed regime. We also measure
this transition using a model comparison approach which has been used recently
in studies of the "splashback" phenomenon, but find that this approach is not a
robust way to quantify the significance of detecting a splashback-like feature.
Finally, we perform measurements using an independent cluster catalog to test
for potential systematic errors associated with cluster selection. We identify
several avenues for future work: improved understanding of the small-scale
galaxy profile, lensing measurements, identification of proxies for the halo
accretion rate, and other tests. With upcoming data from the DES, KiDS and HSC
surveys, we can expect significant improvements in the study of halo
boundaries.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figure
Constraints on Dark Matter Self-Interactions from weak lensing of galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey around clusters from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Survey
Self--interactions of dark matter particles impact the distribution of dark
matter in halos. The exact nature of the self--interactions can lead to either
expansion or collapse of the core within the halo lifetime, leaving distinctive
signatures in the dark matter distributions not only at the halo center but
throughout the virial region. Optical galaxy surveys, which precisely measure
the weak lensing of background galaxies by massive foreground clusters, allow
us to directly measure the matter distribution within clusters and probe subtle
effects of self--interacting dark matter (SIDM) throughout the halo's full
radial range. We compare the weak--lensing measurements reported by Shin et al.
2021, which use lens clusters identified by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope
Survey and source galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey, with predictions from
SIDM models having either elastic or dissipative self--interactions. To model
the weak--lensing observables, we use cosmological N-body simulations for
elastic self--interactions and semi-analytical fluid simulations for
dissipative self--interactions. We find that current weak--lensing measurements
already constrain the isotropic and elastic SIDM to a cross-section per mass of
at a confidence level. The same measurements
also impose novel constraints on the energy loss per unit mass for dissipative
SIDM. Upcoming surveys are anticipated to enhance the signal-to-noise of
weak--lensing observables significantly making them effective tools for
investigating the nature of dark matter, including self--interactions, through
weak lensing
Shocks in the Stacked Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Profiles of Clusters I: Analysis with the Three Hundred Simulations
Gas infalling into the gravitational potential wells of massive galaxy
clusters is expected to experience one or more shocks on its journey to
becoming part of the intracluster medium (ICM). These shocks are important for
setting the thermodynamic properties of the ICM and can therefore impact
cluster observables such as X-ray emission and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ)
effect. We investigate the possibility of detecting signals from cluster shocks
in the averaged thermal SZ profiles of galaxy clusters. Using zoom-in
hydrodynamic simulations of massive clusters from the Three Hundred Project, we
show that if cluster SZ profiles are stacked as a function of ,
shock-induced features appear in the averaged SZ profile. These features are
not accounted for in standard fitting formulae for the SZ profiles of galaxy
clusters. We show that the shock features should be detectable with samples of
clusters from ongoing and future SZ surveys. We also demonstrate that the
location of these features is correlated with the cluster accretion rate, as
well as the location of the cluster splashback radius. Analyses of ongoing and
future surveys, such as SPT-3G, AdvACT, Simons Observatory and CMB-S4, that
include gas shocks will gain a new handle on the properties and dynamics of the
outskirts of massive halos, both in gas and in mass.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures; matches version accepted by MNRA
Physico-Chemical &Microbial Assessment of Ground Water of DCM Industrial Area and Its Adjoining Areas, Kota [India].Part I
, As, Cu, Zn along with EC and Coli form Organism indicate towards major health concerns of living beings. On comparing results with drinking water quality standards laid down by WHO, it is found that most of the water samples are non potable for human beings due high concentration of one parameters or the other. Most of the samples have EC, free NH 4 , Coli form Organism much higher than the maximum permissible levels set up by WHO which are 300 μmhos/cm, 1.2 mg/L,<500 mg/L respectively. The high values of these parameters have health implications require adequate time bound remedial measures. KEY WORDS: Ground water, physicochemical analysis, drinking water quality, health implications
Splashback in galaxy clusters as a probe of cosmic expansion and gravity
The splashback radius is a physical scale in dark matter halos that is set by the gravitational dynamics of recently accreted shells. We use analytical models and N-body simulations to study the dependence of splashback on dark energy and screened modified gravity theories. In modified gravity models, the transition from screened to unscreened regions typically occurs in the cluster outskirts, suggesting potentially observable signatures in the splashback feature. We investigate the location of splashback in both chameleon and Vainshtein screened models and find significant differences compared with ΛCDM predictions. We also find an interesting interplay between dynamical friction and modified gravity, providing a distinctive signature for modified gravity models in the behavior of the splashback feature as a function of galaxy luminosity
Adsorption of Cadmium from aqueous solution onto coffee grounds and wheat straw: Equilibrium and Kinetics Study
The adsorption kinetics of cadmium (Cd) from wastewater onto coffee grounds and wheat straw was ascertained under different process conditions. Batch tests were performed to study the effect of pH, adsorbent concentration, contact time and initial metal concentration on the removal of cadmium. The adsorption kinetics was envisaged by fitting the experimental data to the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models; and based on linear regression analysis, the best fit was found to be for the pseudo-second order kinetic model for both the adsorbents. Equilibrium conditions were achieved in less than 30 min. Two isotherm equations, namely Langmuir and Freundlich models were also used to fit the experimental adsorption equilibrium data. The results showed that both physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms controlled the adsorption rate and capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity of coffee grounds and wheat straw was calculated to be 16.2 mg/g and 31.6 mg/g, respectively.status: publishe
Three dimensional evaluation of accuracy of bracket positioning
Introduction: The success of orthodontic treatment depends on accurate bracket placement, so researchers are constantly exploring new direct and indirect bonding methods with the help of cutting-edge imaging technologies like cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), which provides full three-dimensional visualization of tissues down to the root of the tooth. Aim: The primary goals of this analysis are to determine the degree of section angulation and adhesive thickness, as well as the accuracy of the vertical and flat section positions. The correlation between total clinical crown height, minor edge to focus of section, and minimum edge to complete curve crown length is one of several possible goals of this investigation (FACC). Materials and Methods: Currently, 10 patients aged 15-30 who needed fixed appliance treatment were enrolled in an in vivo research conducted by the orthodontics department. Cases with and without extractions of the crooked teeth were counted. Full mouth analysis is being used in this investigation. Ten patients were selected at random and placed in either Group A (the study group) or Group B (the control group) (control group). Group A bonds are more indirect, whereas group B bonds are more like “normal” direct bonds. We used a Canon 700D camera, a biocompatible transparent 3D printing resin, and a 3M Gemini MBT.022 in bracket kit for CT scanning and imaging. Brackets are placed by experienced orthodontists in both treatment groups. Result: There is a statistically significant (P 0.05) difference between the indirect and direct bonding group when all five factors are taken into account, with the indirect bonding group demonstrating superiority in terms of accuracy. Conclusion: The results of the current investigation support the premise that there is a clinically significant difference between direct bonding and 3D indirect bonding in terms of bracket placement accuracy
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