A microfluidic chip-based assay outperforms common methods for quantification of cell-free DNA and RNA

Plasma and serum contain cell-free DNA and RNA and are common specimens used for pathology investigation. Circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum (CNAPS) represent an important target for analyzing several conditions including prenatal diagnostics, tumors, infections, and inflammatory disorders. It is highly expected that plasma and serum contain potential biomarkers for the detection of cancers and other pathological conditions. The major challenges are that CNAPS are present in small quantities and are highly degraded, hampering their downstream analysis. For example, obtaining acceptable quality and quantity of CNAPS remains a bottleneck for advanced studies such as those using next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms as the currently available platforms require nanogram to microgram levels of deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid (DNA/RNA) input. This paper examines the use of various methods to quantify CNAPS, including quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), digital PCR (dPCR), fluorometric assay, gel electrophoresis, and Bioanalyzer. In particular, the results of CNAPS quantification using a fluorometer, a NanoDrop spectrophotometer, and a microfluidic chip-based assay were compared. It is asserted that spectrophotometry, fluorometric assay and gel electrophoresis lack sensitivity for detecting CNAPS; thus, highly sensitive methods such as qRT-PCR, dPCR, and Bioanalyzer are required

The Correlation Between Knowledge About Occupational Accidents and Safe Work Behaviors Among Employees at the Production Division of PT X Indonesia

Knowledge about work accidents can minimize unsafe actions so it can create safe work behaviors in employees. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between employees’ knowledge about occupational accidents and safe work behaviors among employees in the production division of PT X, Indonesia. We used an observational, analytical method with a cross-sectional approach involving 46 respondents. Data were collected during field observation and the questionnaires about knowledge on occupational accidents as well as safe work behaviors. Data were analyzed using the Spearman test. We found a correlation between knowledge about occupational accidents with safe work behaviors. Furthermore, we also found a relationship between safe work behaviors and other confounding variables. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between the knowledge about occupational accidents and safe work behaviors of the employees at the production division. It is expected that the company improves the safety and health aspects of its workers. Keywords: occupational accidents, work safe behavior

Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Upkd Andalas untuk Sektor Pertanian dari Dana Bengkulu Regional Development Project (Brdp) di Desa Tapak Gedung Kabupaten Kepahiang

This research was aimed at exploring the implementation of economic scheme program at UPKD Andalas and analyzing income discrepancy between member and non-member of UPKD Andalas. This research was conducted at UPKD Andalas District Kepahiang. Data was collected to 27 members and 21 non-members. These respondents were classified into paddy and coffee farmers. The results show that the implementation of economic scheme program was not running optimal yet which is indicated by unimplemented the rights and dutiesl. Rank spearman test show tyha relationship between the implementation level of the program and farmer income. However, there is insignificant income discrepancy between member and non-member incomes

Pemanfaatan Casa Dalam Observasi Motilitas Spermatozoa Semen Cair Sapi Madura Dalam Pengencer Berbeda

The purpose of this study was to measure the motility of Madura bullspermatozoa using three different diluents (tris aminomethane, CEP-2 andskim milk) duringcold storage. The research material used were 2 Madurabulls. Collecting semen method used artificial vagina, followed by freshsemen analysis and processing of liquid semen. Observation of liquid semenquality was carried out up to the 5th days of cold storage. Motilityexamination of semen liquid used Computerized Assisted Semen Analysis(CASA), namely SCA v.5.2. The parameters measured were: progressive motility,motility, velocity straight linear (VSL), velocity curve linear (VCL),velocity average pathway (VAP), straightness (STR), linearity (LIN), wobble(WOB), hyperactivity (H), Beat cross frequency (BCF), amplitude lateral head(ALH). Data was analyzed by Minitab 17. Motility and progressive motility ofspermatozoa in tris aminomethane and CEP-2 were higher than skim milk for 5days of cold storage. The VCL value of tris aminomethane was higher thanCEP-2 and skim milk. VSL scores barely show the difference among diluents.VAP values in tris aminomethaneand CEP-2 are higher than skim milk at thebeginning of storage. The LIN, STR and WOB values of the CEP-2 and skim milkyield higher values than tris aminomethane. The percentage value ofhyperactivity spermatozoa was same among diluents. The ALH value oftrisaminomethane was higher than CEP-2 and skim milk. BCF values in CEP-2was higher than skim milk and tris aminomethane. Tris aminomethane and CEP-2can support the motility of Madura bull spermatozoa than skim milkfor 5 daysof storag

Fertilitas Spermatozoa Ayam Buras Dengan Penambahan Antioksidan Glutathione Dalam Pengencer Ringer\u27s Selama Simpan Dingin

Testing of spermatozoa fertility in vivo is needed to find out the extent of the abilityof spermatozoa fertilization in the female reproductive tract. The fertility ability ofspermatozoa in fertilizing the ovum is indicated by the number of fertile eggs fromthe number of eggs incubated resulting from the mating with Artificial Insemination(AI). The aim of this research is to know the percentage of fertility of eggs from AIusing semen which has been stored cold for 8 hours on Ringe\u27s diluent with theaddition of antioxidant glutathione. Collection semen with teaser female method isdone in Poultry Breeder Installation of Sekolah Tinggi Penyuluhan Pertanian (STPP)Malang. The 30 female chickens were divided into 3 groups of treatment P0: AIusing fresh semen with Ringer\u27s diluent, P1: AI using cold cement with Ringer\u27sDiluent (8 hours duration storage) and P2: AI using cold semen with 0.5 mMaddition in Diluent Ringe\u27s (8 hours duration storage). Experiment design usingComplete Randomized Design (RAL) and nonparametric data analysis with chi-square.The observed variable was egg fertility calculated based on egg fertility percentage.The results showed that the dilution treatment had a significant effect (P <0,05) onfertility egg, with the best result indicated by P0 that is 76% fertility, followedby P2 with fertility 42% and P1 which showed the lowest fertility was 34%. IB withcold cement has not demonstrated a good percentage of fertility despite 0.05 mMglutathione added as an antioxidant. It is recommended that AI in domestic poultryusing fresh semen with Ringe\u27s diluent, is done as soon as possible to obtain optimumfertility

A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS IN THE TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS

Introduction: Metronidazole is commonly used to treat bacterial vaginosis (BV) despite its various side effects and frequent cases of BV recurrences. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of probiotic vs metronidazole for bacterial vaginosis. Methods: A meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) was performed on the studies available in PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer Link and the Cochrane databases. The meta-analysis was based on random-effects models and included studies evaluating BV therapy in women during their reproductive age. The data were analyzed using Rev Man 5 software for the heterogeneity. Results: Thirteen studies involving 2149 subjects were included in the analysis. The results of this meta-analysis showed that probiotic has a beneficial effect on the treatment of BV compared to placebo (OR: 0.62; 95%CI= 0.40 – 0.97). In addition, probiotics can reduce the risk of BV incidence by a halftime compared to metronidazole (RR: 0.51; 95% CI= 0.20 – 1.33), Conclusion: Probiotic therapy could be used as an alternative to metronidazole therapy for bacterial vaginosis. Keywords: the meta-analysis, bacterial vaginosis, randomized controlled tria

The Effectiveness of Adding Probiotic to Antimicrobial Agents for the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis: a Systematic Review

Background: Common antimicrobial regimens for treating bacterial vaginosis often cause recurrence and bacterial resistance. Previous studies have reported that a combination of antimicrobial and probiotic consisting of Lactobacillus spp. Is an effective treatment for recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Lactobacillus plays an important role in vaginal health by replacing the pathogenic colonies in vagina. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of adding probiotic to antimicrobial therapeutic for the prevention of bacterial vaginosis(BV) recurrence.Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer Link and the Cochrane. The review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in primary hospitals and private clinics. The Amsel criteria and Nugent score were used for diagnosis appraisal of bacterial vaginosis. were included in this systematic review consisting of the two types of bacterial vaginosis treatment. All pooled data analyses were based on random-effects models and intention to treat (ITT). Data were analyzed using Rev Man 5 software.Results: The review included 5 RCTs involving 692 women on reproductive age underwent treatment of BV for 5 days or more.The studies showed that combination of probiotic and antimicrobial treatment reduced the risk of bacterial vaginosis recurrence a half time compared to antimicrobial treatment alone(RR= 0.49; 95% CI= 0.17 to 1.44).Conclusion: Adding probiotic to antimicrobial regimens is more effective than antimicrobial regimens alone for treating bacterial vaginosis recurrence.Keywords: probiotic, antimicrobial, bacterial vaginosis recurrence, randomized controlled trialCorrespondence: Aquartuti Tri Darmayanti. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281329380114.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2017), 2(3): 161-168https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2017.02.03.0

Penampilan Reproduksi Sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) Dan Sapi Peranakan Limousin Di Kecamatan Sawoo Kabupaten Ponorogo Dan Kecamatan Tugu Kabupaten Trenggalek

The purpose of this study was to evaluate artificial insemination program on the reproduction performance of Ongole crossbred and Limousin crossbred cattle. The materials of the study were Ongole crossbred and Limousin crossbred cattle. Descriptive analysis was used to determine service per conception (S/C), days open (DO), calving interval (CI), conception rate (CR) and calving rate (CvR). Meanwhile, t-test was used to analyse differences among those variables. The study showed that the value of S/C, DO and CI between Ongole crossbred and Limousin crossbreed cattle differed significantly (P<0.05). The average S/C, DO, CI of Ongole crossbred cattle were 1.3±0.32; 156.9±29.33 days; 430±43.72 days respectively. In addition, Ongole crossbred cattle had calving rate (CvR) as well as conception rate (CR) was 74%. Meanwhile Limousin crossbed cattle had 1.5±0.39 of S/C; 172.9±19.21 days of DO; 451.3±19.61 days of CI. Moreover, calving rate (CvR) and conception rate (CR) of Limousin crossbed cattle was 52%. The study concluded that reproduction performances of Ongole crossbred cattle were better than that of Limousin crossbred cattle