Meckel-Gruber syndrome: a case report with review of literature

Meckel Gruber syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by a combination of renal cysts or cystic renal dysplasia, developmental anomalies of the central nervous system, hepatic dysgenesis and polydactyly. It is a rare syndrome with highest incidence in Gujarati Indians and Finnish population. We report a case of Meckel Gruber syndrome in non Gujarati Indian which was diagnosed on fetal autopsy

Mycoparasitic capabilities of diverse native strain of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

The Fusarium wilt of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder and Hansen is recognised as one of the most devastating disease and major yield limiting factor in tomato growing regions worldwide. For eco-friendly and sustainable management of the disease, 19 Trichoderma native isolates belonging to 3 species of the genus, T. harzianum, T. asperellum and T. virens were evaluated in vitro against the pathogen using dual culture method. Out of 19 isolates, 8 isolates showed mycoparasitism, 8 isolates showed antibiosis and remaining showed lysis. Microscopic observations of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) growth in dual cultures revealed that growth inhibition occurred just before near to contact with the antagonist. All T. harzianum isolates tested exhibited coiling around the hyphae of FOL. Isolates of T. harzianum, showed good coiling and growth inhibition of the pathogen. The T. harzianum strains did not differ in coiling pattern and gave somewhat equal coiling performances. Strains of T. asperellum, showed coiling but the coiling pattern of all these strains was different. Only one strain of T. virens showed coiling out of 2 strains. Among them T. harzianum (SVPUTh91) showed the best performance in vitro as biological control agent against FOL followed by T. asperellum and T. virens, resulting in 83, 73 and 65% reduction in colony growth, respectively

Utjecaj blanširanja i temperature zraka na kinetiku sušenja u tankom sloju i razgradnju antocijana u sjeckanoj ljubičastoj mrkvi (Daucus carota L.)

This study was conducted to investigate the eff ect of blanching treatment (98 °C for 3 and 6 min) and air drying temperature of 40, 50 and 60 °C on the thin layer drying characteristics such as drying time, drying rate constant, effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy, as well as on anthocyanin content of black carrot shreds. It was observed that drying temperature aff ected the drying rate but blanching did not have an eff ect on drying time. Three thin layer drying models, i.e. Page, Lewis and Henderson-Pabis were evaluated. The goodness of these models was evaluated based on the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error, reduced chi square (χ2) and standard error. Page model showed the best fit to the drying data. The effective diffusivity ranges of 1.4·10–9 to 2.6·10–9 m2/s, 1.3·10–9 to 2.1·10–9 m2/s and 1.5·10–9 to 2.2·10–9 m2/s aft er 3 or 6 min of blanching and control samples respectively were calculated using Fick’s second law. The activation energy of 37.5, 26.0 and 34.6 kJ/(mol·K) of the control samples and samples blanched for 3 or 6 min respectively was determined from the Arrhenius plot. The blanching treatment affected the anthocyanin content to a great extent. The anthocyanin content of (231.7±2.9) and (278.8±7.8) mg per 100 g was recorded in samples blanched for 3 and 6 min and then dried at 60 °C, and (153.0±4.3) and (247.0±5.5) mg per 100 g was recorded at 40 °C as compared to the control of (580.1±1.3) at 60 °C and (466.7±1.1) mg per 100 g at 40 °C.U radu je ispitan utjecaj blanširanja (tijekom 3 i 6 min pri 98 °C) i temperature zraka (40, 50 i 60 °C) na vrijeme sušenja, konstantu sušenja, efektivnu difuzivnost vlage i energiju aktivacije, te na udjel antocijana u sjeckanoj ljubičastoj mrkvi. Utvrđeno je da temperatura zraka utječe na brzinu sušenja, a da blanširanje ne utječe na trajanje sušenja. Uspoređena su tri modela sušenja u tankom sloju: Pageov, Lewisov i Henderson-Pabisov, a njihova je prikladnost određena pomoću koeficijenta determinacije (R2), korijena srednje kvadratne pogreške, reduciranog hi-kvadrata (χ2) i standardne pogreške. Pageov je model najbolje opisao podatke o sušenju. Primjenom drugog Fickovog zakona izračunata je efektivna difuzivnost uzoraka blanširanih 3 min od 1,4•10-9 do 2,6•10-9 m2/s, uzoraka blanširanih 6 min od 1,3•10-9 do 2,1•10-9 m2/s i kontrolnih uzoraka od 1,5•10-9 do 2,2•10-9 m2/s. Energija je aktivacije određena pomoću Arrheniusovog dijagrama, te je za kontrolni uzorak iznosila 37,5 kJ/(mol•K), za uzorke blanširane 3 min 26,0 kJ/(mol•K), a za uzorke blanširane 6 min 34,6 kJ/(mol•K). Blanširanje je bitno utjecalo na udjel antocijana u mrkvi, pa su nakon sušenja na 60 °C uzorci blanširani 3 min sadržavali (231,7±2,9) mg antocijana u 100 g a uzorci blanširani 6 min (278,8±7,8) mg u 100 g, uzorci sušeni na 40 °C imali su (153,0±4,3) mg u 100 grama nakon 3 min blanširanja i (247,0±5,5) mg u 100 g nakon 6 min blanširanja, dok su kontrolni uzorci sušeni na 60 °C imali (580,1±1,3) mg u 100 g, a oni sušeni na 40 °C (466,7±1,1) mg antocijana u 100 g

ASSESSMENT OF SERUM LIPID PROFILE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Background: Hypertension and dyslipidemia are strongly associated with each other, and they are the most common risk factors for the development of the cardiovascular disease. Aim: Compare the serum lipid profile values among hypertensive patients and non-hypertensive individuals. Method: 30 patients with Hypertension and 30 age-matched non-hypertensive controls were included in the study. From the serum, total cholesterol levels were estimated by enzymatic (CHOD-PAP) colorimetric method, triglyceride by enzymatic (GPO-PAP) method, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were estimated using precipitant and Friedewald formula, by using commercially available reagent kits. Lipid profiles were compared with controls. Results: The mean values of total cholesterol were significantly more in Hypertensives-202.93 ± 28.44 and normotensives-178.76 ± 37.21, P<0.006. The mean values of triglycerides were significantly more in Hypertensives-139.8 ± 18.72 and normotensives-125.8± 12.34, P<0.001. The mean values of LDL-Cholesterol were significantly more in Hypertensives-141.63 ± 11.59 and normotensives-127.83 ± 14.65, P<0.0001. Conclusions: As Dyslipidemia is associated with Hypertension, serum lipid profile may be useful in the identification of patients at risk of Hypertension. Hypertensive patients need the measurement of blood pressure and lipid profile at regular intervals to prevent Cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: Cholesterol; Cardiovascular Diseases; Hypertension; Triglycerides; Dyslipidemia

ASSESSMENT OF SERUM LIPID PROFILE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Background: Hypertension and dyslipidemia are strongly associated with each other, and they are the most common risk factors for the development of the cardiovascular disease. Aim: Compare the serum lipid profile values among hypertensive patients and non-hypertensive individuals. Method: 30 patients with Hypertension and 30 age-matched non-hypertensive controls were included in the study. From the serum, total cholesterol levels were estimated by enzymatic (CHOD-PAP) colorimetric method, triglyceride by enzymatic (GPO-PAP) method, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were estimated using precipitant and Friedewald formula, by using commercially available reagent kits. Lipid profiles were compared with controls. Results: The mean values of total cholesterol were significantly more in Hypertensives-202.93 ± 28.44 and normotensives-178.76 ± 37.21, P<0.006. The mean values of triglycerides were significantly more in Hypertensives-139.8 ± 18.72 and normotensives-125.8± 12.34, P<0.001. The mean values of LDL-Cholesterol were significantly more in Hypertensives-141.63 ± 11.59 and normotensives-127.83 ± 14.65, P<0.0001. Conclusions: As Dyslipidemia is associated with Hypertension, serum lipid profile may be useful in the identification of patients at risk of Hypertension. Hypertensive patients need the measurement of blood pressure and lipid profile at regular intervals to prevent Cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: Cholesterol; Cardiovascular Diseases; Hypertension; Triglycerides; Dyslipidemia

Regional moisture change over India during the past Millennium: A comparison of multi-proxy reconstructions and climate model simulations

AbstractThe Indian Monsoon Variability during the past Millennium has been simulated with the ECHAM5 model in two different time slices: Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age. The simulations are compared with new centennial-resolving paleo-reconstructions inferred from various well-dated multi-proxies from two core regions, the Himalaya and Central India. A qualitative moisture index is derived from the proxies and compared with simulated moisture anomalies.The reconstructed paleo-hydrological changes between the Little Ice Age and the Medieval Climate Anomaly depict a dipole pattern between Himalaya and Central India, which is also captured by the model.In the Medieval Climate Anomaly the model exhibits stronger (weaker) dipole signals during summer (winter) compared to Little Ice Age. In summer (winter) months of “Medieval Climate Anomaly minus Little Ice Age” the model simulates wetter conditions over eastern (western and central) Himalaya. Over Central India, a simulated weakening of Indian Summer Monsoon during warmer climate is coincident with reconstructed drying signal in the Lonar Lake record.Based on the model simulations, we can differentiate three physical mechanisms which can lead to the moisture anomalies: (i) the western and central Himalaya are influenced by extra-tropical Westerlies during winter, (ii) the eastern Himalaya is affected by summer variations of temperature gradient between Bay of Bengal and Indian subcontinent and by a zonal band of intensified Indian–East Asian monsoon link north of 25°N, and (iii) Central India is dominated by summer sea surface temperature anomalies in the northern Arabian Sea which have an effect on the large-scale advection of moist air masses. The temperatures in the Arabian Sea are linked to the Indo Pacific Warm Pool, which modulates the Indian monsoon strength

Plant Derived Bioactive Compounds, Their Anti-Cancer Effects as an Alternative Target Treatment Strategy for Breast Cancer: An Updated Overview

For decades, cancer has been a major public health concern worldwide owing to its high mortality rate. Many therapeutic strategies have come up in the scientific world, but it\u27s pitiful to know that synthetic chemotherapeutic agents either cause adverse effects or cancer cells develop resistance to these agents. Plant-derived chemotherapeutic agents present a wide range of therapeutics and most are yet to be discovered. In the current review, we have discussed the tumoricidal properties of Mucuna pruriens (seed), Withania coagulans (berry), Anacyclus pyrethrum (rhizome), Arachis hypogea (leaf), Rhizaoma polygoni (root) and Terminalia chebula (fruit). We have also tried to summarize the latest research in cancer chemoprevention and treatment using the bioactive components from these natural plants. Pharmaceutical developmental challenges and opportunities in bringing the phytochemicals into the market are also explored. The authors wish to expand this research area not only for their scientific soundness, but also for their potential-yet-affordable druggability

Bio prospecting of Lapachol producing endophytic fungi

Background: The association of endophytic fungi with medicinal plants has been one of the evolving areas of research in the past few decades. The secondary metabolites produced owing to such associations have been recognised for a wide range of biological activities. Objectives: The aim of the present review is to highlight the isolation of lapachol from endophytic microorganisms with an emphasis on its biotransformation to improve its efficacy. Methodology: The researchers followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Published scientific articles on endophytes, host-pathogen interaction and lapachol isolation were collected from reputed journals from 1960 to 2022 using electronic databases using the key words as stated. Following that, the authors chose the required papers based on the criteria they devised. The data was extracted using the common research elements found in the publications. Results and discussion: Lapachol is one such secondary metabolite known for potent antitumor properties. Synthesis of lapachol and its isolation from plant sources have been reported but an expensive process. Therefore, bioprospecting of this metabolite from endophytic fungi have been evaluated by a few researchers. It has been identified that A. niger and Alternaria alternata along with some of the filamentous endophytic fungi have been identified to produce lapachol. Some findings of biotransformation of lapachol to render it more potent have also been reported in the present review. Conclusion: Lapachol is one of the plant secondary metabolites that possess several therapeutic benefits. Owing to its isolation being highly expensive from plant sources, endophytes have been exploited. Furthering to the isolation, the biotrasformation of this bioactive molecule to enhance its efficiency has proven to be useful. In this regard, this review has enlightened some of the biotransformed lapachol and its derivatives with special emphasis on the endophytes that produce them. This review comprehensively highlights the various endophytic sources for lapachol production and its biotransformed derivatives

Machine Learning-Based Algorithms for the Detection of Leaf Disease in Agriculture Crops

Identifying plant leaves early on is key to preventing catastrophic outbreaks. An important studyarea is automatic disease detection in plants. Fungi, bacteria, and viruses are the main culprits in most plantillnesses. The process of choosing a classification method is always challenging because the quality of the results can differ depending on the input data. K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier (KNN), Probabilistic NeuralNetwork (PNN), Genetic Algorithm, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Principal Component Analysis,Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Fuzzy Logic are a few examples of diverse classification algorithms.Classifications of plant leaf diseases have many uses in a variety of industries, including agriculture andbiological research. Presymptomatic diagnosis and crop health information can aid in the ability to managepathogens through proper management approaches. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the mostwidely used DL models for computer vision issues since they have proven to be very effective in tasks likepicture categorization, object detection, image segmentation, etc. The experimental findings demonstrate theproposed model's superior performance to pre-trained models such as VGG16 and InceptionV3. The range ofcategorization accuracy is 76% to 100%, based on

A Novel Energy Aware Clustering Mechanism with Fuzzy Logic in MANET Environment

A Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) comprises of the vast range of devices such as sensors, smart phones, laptops and other mobile devices that connect with each other across wireless networks and collaborate in a dispersed fashion to offer network functions in the absence of a permanent infrastructure. The Cluster Head (CH) selection in a clustered MANET is still crucial for lowering each node's energy consumption and increasing the network's lifetime. However, in existing clustering mechanism trust of the all nodes are presumed those causes increased challenge in the MANET environment. Security is a crucial factor when constructing ad-hoc networks. In a MANET, energy consumption in route optimization is dependent on network resilience and connectivity. The primary objective of this study is to design a reliable clustering mechanism for MANETs that takes energy efficiency into account. For trusted energy-efficient CH in the nodes, a safe clustering strategy integrating energy-efficient and fuzzy logic based energy clustering is proposed to address security problems brought about by malicious nodes and to pick a trustworthy node as CH. To improve the problem findings Bat algorithm (BAT) is integrated with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The PSO technique is inspired because it imitates the sociological characteristics of the flock of the birds through random population. The BAT is a metaheuristic algorithm inspired by microbat echolocation behavior that uses pulse average with global optimization of the average path in the network. Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) and BAT techniques are applied to identify the best route between the source and destination. According to the simulation results, the suggested Fuzzy logic Particle Swarm Optimization BAT (FLPSO-BAT) technique has a minimum latency of 0.0019 milliseconds, with energy consumption value of 0.09 millijoules, maximal throughput of 0.76 bits per sec and detection rate of 90.5% without packet dropping attack