Systematic analysis of Quercetin and its derivatives with Special Reference to anti-inflammatory property-Based on Network Pharmacology

The clinical success of phyto-chemicals and computationally assisted drug discovery-derived agents has stimulated the development of novel compounds for human illnesses. In the field of anticancer drug discovery, rational investigation has sped up the process. Quercetin and its derivatives have a long history of anti-inflammatory efficacy in pomegranate and other natural products, according to scientific evidence. Small structural alterations, for example, can drastically affect cell death behaviour and trigger inflammation, making it difficult to unravel the structure-activity relationship. As a result, our objective is to use a rational drug discovery approach to develop a mechanistic approach for quercetin and its derivatives, which will be compared to market anti-inflammatory medications utilising in-silico tools. Using the software Cytoscape, we created pharmacology networks of inflammatory proteins based on data acquired from several databases. The networks show how bioactives interact with molecular targets and how they relate to illnesses, particularly inflammation. Quercetin's network pharmacology study has shown novel connections between bioactive targets and possible inflammatory aetiology applications. The future prospect is to understand these chemicals in vitro and in vivo

Elucidating Signal Transduction Modulatory Drug Target Network of Colon Cancer: A Network Biology Approach

Latest evaluation and validation of cancer drugs and their targets has demonstrated the lack and inadequate development of new and better drugs, based on available protocols. Even though the specificity of drug targets is a great challenge in the pharmaco-proteomics field of cancer biology, for eradicating such hurdles and paving the way for the drugs of future, a novel step has been envisaged here to study the relation between drug target network and the corresponding drug network using the advanced concepts of proteomics and network biology. The literature mining was done for the collection of receptors and the ligands. About 1000 natural compounds were collected and out of those 300 molecules showed anti-cancer activity against colon cancer. Ligand Vs multiple receptor docking was done using the software Quantum 3.3.0; the results were further used for the designing of a well connected Protein Ligand Interaction (PLI) network of colon cancer. The obtained network is then extrapolated to sort out the receptors expressed in the specific cancer type. The network is then statistically analyzed and represented by the graphical interpretation, in order to ascertain the hub nodes and their locally parsed neighbours. Based on the best docking scores, the graphs obtained from the docking analysis are statistically validated with the help of VisANT. In the network three hub nodes Neutrophil cytosol factor 2, UV excision repair protein RAD23 homolog A, & Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase eta were identified, which showed the highest interaction with the ligands. Butyrate and Farnesol showed highest interaction as ligands. Multiple Sequence Alignment was done of the binding site sequence of the drug targets to find out the evolutionary closeness of the binding sites. The phylogenetic tree was also constructed to further validate the observation. Further in-vitro and in-vivo studies needs to be done to analyse the receptor specificity and anti tumor activity of these compounds in Colon cancer

Could nature be the solution- A review on selected folklore medicinal plants with antiviral activities repurposed for COVID-19 treatment

891-901The outbreak and rapid spread of novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in global pandemic. The purpose of this work is to provide an ethnopharmacological overview of selected medicinal plants having antiviral activity along with their applications to treat COVID-19 related symptoms based on fragmented literature. Hundreds of published research articles were screened and reviewed using online search engines such as PubMed, PMC and Google Scholar with relevant keywords related to coronavirus, antiviral medicinal plants, phytochemical compounds, cough and fever. A total of 12 plants having antiviral activity against a number of viruses were documented with their probable mechanism of action. Most of the studied plants and their compounds were also reported to have other therapeutic potentials and were used to boost immunity, treat cough, fever, tiredness, difficulty in breathing and diarrhoea, which are common symptoms of COVID-19 infections as per World Health Organization. This review hopefully opens a new horizon in the development of antiviral drug against novel coronavirus COVID-19

Could nature be the solution- A review on selected folklore medicinal plants withantiviral activities repurposed for COVID-19 treatment

The outbreak and rapid spread of novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in global pandemic due to lack of drugs or vaccine till date. The purpose of this work is to provide an ethnopharmacological overview of selected medicinal plants having antiviral activity along with their applications to treat COVID-19 related symptoms based on fragmented literature. Hundreds of published research articles were screened and reviewed using online search engines such as PubMed, PMC, Google Scholar with relevant keywords related to coronavirus, antiviral medicinal plants, phytochemical compounds, cough and fever. A total of 12 plants, having antiviral activity against a number of viruses were documented with their probable mechanism of action. Most of the studied plants and their compounds were also reported to have other therapeutic potentials and were used to increase immunity, treat cough, fever, tiredness, difficulty in breathing and diarrhea which are common symptoms of COVID-19 infections as per World Health Organization. This review hopefully opens a new horizon in the development of antiviral drug against novel coronavirus COVID-19

HPLC Evaluation of Phenolic Profile, Nutritive Content, and Antioxidant Capacity of Extracts Obtained from Punica granatum

This study revealed polyphenolic content, nutritive content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic profile of methanol and aqueous extracts of Punica granatum peel extract. For this, extracts were screened for possible antioxidant activities by free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The total phenolics and flavonoid recovered by methanolic (MPE) and the water extract (AQPE) were ranged from 185 ± 12.45 to 298.00 ± 24.86 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/gm and 23.05 ± 1.54 to 49.8 ± 2.14 quercetin (QE) mg/g, respectively. The EC50 of herbal extracts ranged from 100 µg/ml (0.38 quercetin equivalents), for AQPE, 168 µg/ml (0.80 quercetin equivalents), for MPE. The phenolic profile in the methanolic extracts was investigated by chromatographic (HPLC) method. About 5 different flavonoids, phenolic acids, and their derivatives including quercetin (1), rutin (2), gallic acid (3), ellagic acid (4), and punicalagin as a major ellagitannin (5) have been identified. Among both extracts, methanolic extract was the most effective. This report may be the first to show nutritive content and correlation analysis to suggest that phenols and flavonoids might contribute the high antioxidant activity of this fruit peel and establish it as a valuable natural antioxidant source applicable in the health food industry

A Review on Antihyperglycemic and Antihepatoprotective Activity of Eco-Friendly Punica granatum

Over the past decade, pomegranate (Punica granatum) is entitled as a wonder fruit because of its voluminous pharmacological properties. In 1830, P. granatum fruit was first recognized in United States Pharmacopeia; the Philadelphia edition introduced the rind of the fruit, the New York edition the bark of the root and further 1890 edition the stem bark was introduced. There are significant efforts and progress made in establishing the pharmacological mechanisms of peel (pericarp or rind) and the individual constituents responsible for them. This review provides an insight on the phytochemical components that contribute too antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidemic effect, and numerous other effects of wonderful, economic, and eco-friendly pomegranate peel extract (PP)

Evaluation of antioxidative, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extract of Myrica nagi leaves : an animal model approach

Myrica nagi (family Myricaceae) is commonly known as Kathphal (Hindi) and Bayberry (English) and it has a long history of usage in traditional medicine. It is popular actinorhizal plant for its symbiotic relationship with Frankia. This study was taken in force to estimate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of methanolic extract of Myrica nagi (MMN) in an animal model. Anti-oxidative property of MMN was assessed by free radical scavenging assay (DPPH method). The acute toxicity test of methanolic extract of MMN revealed that the median lethal dose (LD50) was found to be 2080 mg/kg body weight in mice. The anti-inflammatory property was evaluated by carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats by measuring rat paw volume at different time intervals and toxicological analysis using mice. The analgesic effect was measured in Wistar rats using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and MMN at 200 mg/kg BW showed 54.56 % inhibition of writhing. MMN showed higher anti-oxidant activity in DPPH assays as compared to standard. High dose of MMN showed a significant reduction (21.71 %) in inflammation after 4 h of treatment, which was comparable to diclofenac (10 mg/kg BW; 32.75 %)-treated group. Significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the levels of inflammatory cytokine (IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha) markers were also observed in serum of MMN-treated animals as compared to control. Taken together, the phenolic compounds of MMN may serve as potential herbal drug for amelioration of acute inflammation due to their modulatory action on free radicals