Effect Of Zeolite On Efficiency Of P And K Fertilizers In The Paddy Field

Zeolite generally have a very high exchange ion capacity and capability to catch ions. Therefore, zeolite is used on agriculture to reduce ion movement around the root zone and to increase the use of fertilizer by plant. A research have been established on 1999/2000 using zeolite from two sites that represent two type of soil, Planosol soil from Jakenan (Pati) and Podsolic soil from Tamanbogo (Lampung).Group randomize design with three repetition is used on this research. Fertilizer treatment on this research are 60-100 % P or K and 0-40% zeolite, 100% P or K + 200- 300% kg/ha zeolite. The final result of this research showed that in order to produce high quality of paddy on podsolic soil need the P fertilizer. The zeolite been given along with P fertilizer worth while to increases efficiency, even though it did not positively increasing yield. Adding 300 kg/ha zeolite can reduce the use of fertilizer around 20% P. The Same thing happened to fertilizer K on planosol. Zeolite plus which enriched by a number of minerals giving a better result compare to the one without enrichment. On greenhouse atmosphere, though dosage of zeolite plus (5-10 t/ha) used to increase exchange ion capacity on soil, producing rice around 11.9 t/ha. But on the field, the production decreases cause by heavier disease attack due to the too crowded plantation and too damp condition around the canopy. This is why it is necessary to give the right zeolite plus dosage, not just to increases efficiency, but also to make it financially reachable by the farmer

Pertumbuhan, Hasil dan Efisiensi Pemakaian Air Padi Inpari 33 pada Perlakuan Pupuk Anorganik dan Organik

The priority of agricultural development to supply national food in line with increasing population. One of the ways enhancements of rice productions is application of inorganic fertilizers, but the application inorganic fertilizer in long term causes soil and water degradation. The organic fertilizer would be restoring the soil condition. This research aims to determine growth, yield and water use efficiency in rice Inpari 33 under anorganic and organic fertilizer treatments. The research was conducted from July to December 2020 in IP2TP Sukamandi, Indonesian Centre for Rice Research, Subang-West Java. The research design is split plot with three replications. The main plot was anorganic fertilizers, namely no application fertilizer of NPK, N, K, P, and application NPK fertilizer. Sub-plots were organic fertilizers consisting of manure, straw compost, and non-organic fertilizers. The research results showed that no application P, K, and NPK fertilizer increased the number of tillers by 44-49%, SPAD value 11-12%, and rice production 33-51%; and the highest water use efficiency 1.17 g grain L-1 water was obtained on no application of P. Organic fertilizers were not increase growth, rice production, and water use efficiency. However, there was an interaction between inorganic and organic fertilizer treatments that affected the number of tillers, number of panicles per hill, weight of 1,000 grains and total evapotranspiration. Keywords: compost, evapotranspiration, manure, nutrient, NPKPrioritas pembangunan pertanian untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan nasional semakin meningkat seiring peningkatan jumlah penduduk. Peningkatan produksi salah satunya dengan penggunaan pupuk anorganik, namun penggunaan yang terus menerus memicu terjadinya degradasi lahan dan air. Pupuk organik merupakan salah satu solusi untuk memperbaiki kondisi tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis respon pertumbuhan, hasil dan efisiensi pemakaian air padi Inpari 33 pada perlakuan pupuk anorganik dan organik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-Desember 2020 di IP2TP Sukamandi Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi Subang Jawa Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan split plot design dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah pupuk anorganik yang terdiri dari perlakuan tanpa NPK (kontrol), tanpa N, tanpa K, tanpa P dan NPK. Anak petak yaitu pupuk organik terdiri dari pupuk kandang sapi, kompos jerami dan tanpa organik. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pupuk anorganik meningkatkan jumlah anakan 44-49%, nilai SPAD 11-12%, hasil 33-51%; dan efisiensi pemakaian air tertinggi 1.17 g gabah L-1 air pada perlakuan tanpa pupuk P. Pupuk organik tidak meningkatkan pertumbuhan, hasil dan efisiensi penggunaan air. Interaksi pupuk anorganik dan organik mempengaruhi jumlah anakan, jumlah malai per rumpun, berat 1,000 butir dan total evapotranspirasi. Penambahan pupuk kandang sapi sangat mempengaruhi jumlah anakan dan total evapotranspirasi pada perlakuan tanpa pupuk P. Kata kunci: evapotranspirasi, hara, kompos, NPK, pupuk kandan

EFFECT OF ZEOLITE ON EFFICIENCY OF P AND K FERTILIZERS IN THE PADDY FIELD

Zeolite generally have a very high exchange ion capacity and capability to catch ions. Therefore, zeolite is used on agriculture to reduce ion movement around the root zone and to increase the use of fertilizer by plant. A research have been established on 1999/2000 using zeolite from two sites that represent two type of soil, Planosol soil from Jakenan (Pati) and Podsolic soil from Tamanbogo (Lampung).Group randomize design with three repetition is used on this research. Fertilizer treatment on this research are 60-100 % P or K and 0-40% zeolite, 100% P or K + 200- 300% kg/ha zeolite. The final result of this research showed that in order to produce high quality of paddy on podsolic soil need the P fertilizer. The zeolite been given along with P fertilizer worth while to increases efficiency, even though it did not positively increasing yield. Adding 300 kg/ha zeolite can reduce the use of fertilizer around 20% P. The Same thing happened to fertilizer K on planosol. Zeolite plus which enriched by a number of minerals giving a better result compare to the one without enrichment. On greenhouse atmosphere, though dosage of zeolite plus (5-10 t/ha) used to increase exchange ion capacity on soil, producing rice around 11.9 t/ha. But on the field, the production decreases cause by heavier disease attack due to the too crowded plantation and too damp condition around the canopy. This is why it is necessary to give the right zeolite plus dosage, not just to increases efficiency, but also to make it financially reachable by the farmer

Floral morphology in rice grown under cold temperatures at booting and flowering and its effect on spikelet sterility

Booting and flowering in rice (Oryza sativa L.) are considered to be the two most sensitive stages to cold temperature stress. The controlled temperature glasshouse experiment compared a population of 120 genotypes from F6 Kyeema//Kyeema/NorinPL8 (KKN) when exposed to cold air temperature at the booting and flowering stages. The study aimed to examine the relationship between percentage of spikelet sterility (SS) and floral characteristics, namely the number of dehisced anthers (NoDA), anther dehiscence length (ADL), the number of pollen grains on stigma (PoS) and the anther length (AL) when subjected to cold temperature at the two development stages. Two sets of genotypes were sown 18 days apart and grown at 28/21°C day/night controlled temperature glasshouse, and were moved to the cold room (21/15oC day/night) at heading (set-1) and at early booting stage (set-2). A highly significant genotypic difference existed in percentage SS in both flowering (ranged from 49-100%) and early booting (4-99%) with flowering stage having higher average SS (88 vs 57%). A significant positive association existed between SS of flowering and booting (r=0.39**) with five genotypes performing consistently well. Highly significant negative correlations existed in both flowering and booting stage between SS and all the floral traits measured. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis indicated that 37% of the variation in SS was explained by the number of dehisced anther, anther dehiscence length and anther length when exposed to cold at flowering stage, while at booting stage the number of dehisced anther and anther length alone explained 58% of the variation in SS. The importance of the number of dehisced anther in explaining variation in SS has been highlighted and plays a significant role in cold tolerance

Importance of anther dehiscence for low-temperature tolerance in rice at the young microspore and flowering stages

Low temperature, particularly during the reproductive stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.), leads to reduced fertility and yield and is a major constraint faced in temperate rice ecology. The floral trait anther dehiscence length has not been quantified in relation to low-temperature tolerance in rice. Two controlled-temperature glasshouse experiments evaluated 120 genotypes from BC F recombinant inbred lines when exposed to low air temperature at the booting (young microspore) and flowering stages. Genotypic differences existed for spikelet sterility (SS) after low-temperature exposure at booting and flowering stages, and a significant positive correlation (R = 0.22∗∗) was found between SS of individual genotypes at booting and flowering stages. Number of dehisced anthers had the highest correlation with SS, and accounted for 58% and 44% of variation in SS with exposure to low temperature at booting and flowering, respectively. Anther dehiscence length and number of dehisced anthers were highly correlated (r = 0.90∗∗). After low-temperature exposure at booting, pollen number in the anther as well as the pollen's capacity to germinate effectively further differentiated low-temperature-tolerant and -susceptible genotypes. Positive relationships (r = 0.56∗∗ and 0.46∗) between SS in the glasshouse and in field experiments in 2015 and 2016 seasons, respectively, provided validation of the phenotypic glasshouse screening methods utilised for low-temperature tolerance in relation to target production environments. This repeatable phenotyping system in combination with improved understanding of underlying floral traits will lead to increased efficiency in breeding for low-temperature tolerance in rice

PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN CEKAMAN SALIN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL PADI

Management of the environment which is gripped by saline is very necessary to increase the yield of rice. The research was carried out in the farmers' land of Indramayu-West Java district in February - July 2019 using a split plot design with 3 replications. The variety used is Inpari 34. The treatment is gypsum dossage and organic matter. The results showed that the management of saline environmental stress by giving gypsum and organic matter did not affect plant growth including the number of tillers, leaf greenness value and yield on rice. Gypsum 1 ton/ha will provide maximum results 2,375 tons/ha dried grain if accompanied by the provision of 4 tons of organic matter/ha. Gypsum 1 ton/ha with organic matter more than 4 tons/ha will reduce rice yield. Gypsum application of 3 tons / ha reaches 2,6792 tons ha without the provision of organic matter