Expression und topographische Verteilung von Sex-Hormone-Binding-Globulin (SHBG) im Hypothalamus des Menschen

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, mit immunhistochemischen Methoden sowie Western Blot und Surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight (SELDI TOF) Massenspektrometrie die topografische Verteilung von Sex-Hormone-Binding-Globulin (SHBG) im Hypothalamus des Menschen zu untersuchen. Es wurden Serienschnitte von in Paraffin eingebettetem menschlichen Hypothalamusgewebe angefertigt und unter Verwendung von hochspezifischen monoklonalem Antikörper konnten SHBG-positive Zellen und Strukturen selektiv dargestellt werden. Für die biochemischen Untersuchungen wurden die Hypothalamusanteile zunächst homogenisiert und affinitätschromatographisch bezüglich SHBG aufgereinigt. Anschließend wurden Western Blot und SELDI TOF Massenspektrometrie für die Proteinanalytik herangezogen. Spezifische Immunreaktivität für SHBG wurde in magnozellulären und parvozellulären Anteilen und vereinzelt auch in Fasern in verschiedenen Kerngebieten des Hypothalamus nachgewiesen. In Western Blot und SELDI TOF Massenspektrometrie konnte bei Proben von humanem Hypothalamus der Proteinnachweis bei ca. 50 Kilodalton erbracht werden. Im Blutplasma unterschied sich das SHBG-Molekulargewicht (53900 Dalton) von dem im Hypothalamus nachgewiesenem SHBG

Identification of sex hormone-binding globulin in the human hypothalamus

Gonadal steroids are known to influence hypothalamic functions through both genomic and non-genomic pathways. Sex hormone-binding globulin ( SHBG) may act by a non-genomic mechanism independent of classical steroid receptors. Here we describe the immunocytochemical mapping of SHBG-containing neurons and nerve fibers in the human hypothalamus and infundibulum. Mass spectrometry and Western blot analysis were also used to characterize the biochemical characteristics of SHBG in the hypothalamus and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of humans. SHBG-immunoreactive neurons were observed in the supraoptic nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, paraventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus, the perifornical region and the medial preoptic area in human brains. There were SHBG-immunoreactive axons in the median eminence and the infundibulum. A partial colocalization with oxytocin could be observed in the posterior pituitary lobe in consecutive semithin sections. We also found strong immunoreactivity for SHBG in epithelial cells of the choroid plexus and in a portion of the ependymal cells lining the third ventricle. Mass spectrometry showed that affinity-purified SHBG from the hypothalamus and choroid plexus is structurally similar to the SHBG identified in the CSF. The multiple localizations of SHBG suggest neurohypophyseal and neuroendocrine functions. The biochemical data suggest that CSF SHBG is of brain rather than blood origin. Copyright (c) 2005 S. Karger AG, Base

Insatsen kontaktperson för ungdomar mellan 13-18 år : en rättssociologisk studie

The purpose of this essay was to study which arguments social workers used in the basis of their estimation concerning young people of the age 13-18 given an aid, a contact person (swe. kontaktperson). The purpose was also to describe how the legal paragraph, regarding contact person, is regulated and then compare the arguments made by the social worker with the intentions expressed by the legislator. To answer our purposes we studied the law and the intentions expressed by the legislator, which is the foundation for the legal paragraph that regulates contact person, 3 chap. 6 §. Through studies of social journals at five local authorities we collected material to make a comparison between the arguments found in the journals with the intentions expressed by the legislator. We used legal method and the perspective of sociology of law. The Swedish law, Socialtjänstlagen (2001:453) is a basic law which means that our legal paragraph, 3 chap 6 §, is open for interpretation. It is every local authority's own option how to apply the paragraph. The results showed that the social workers do use the same terms as the legislator. Our results also showed that the social workers to a great extent used arguments that could not be traced to the intentions expressed by the legislator. The essay is a quantitative study. Our data has been processed through a program for statistical analysis, SPSS, version 14.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)