Repercusiones sociales y ambientales de la soja transgénica en la alimentación industrial del ganado

El 50% del pienso que se utilizan en la industria ganadera contiene soja (Glycine max), en su mayoría transgénica, la soja Roundup Ready® de Monsanto. En EE.UU, el cultivo de soja RR ha aumentado 15 veces el uso del glifosato, herbicida que destruye los organismos primarios de los ecosistemas, amenazando la supervivencia de las cadenas tróficas. En Argentina, el cultivo de soja RR ha pasado de 800.000 hectáreas a 13 millones en los últimos siete años, deforestando bosques y sabanas, y utilizando tierras dedicadas a pastos o cultivos alimentarios; reduciendo así la biodiversidad y la producción de alimentos para la población argentina. La intensificación del modelo productivo ganadero en España genera degradación medioambiental y pobreza en otros territorios. La soberanía alimentaria plantear modelos de producción más locales y respetuosos con el medioambiente y con las personas.Fifty per cent of intensive animal feeding contains soybean (Glycine max), mainly genetically modified Roundup Ready® soybean from Monsanto. In USA, RR soybean growing has increased 15 times the use of glifosate, herbicide that destroys primary organisms in ecosystems, threatening survival of trophic chains. In Argentina, soybean growing has increased from 800.000 to 13.000.000 hectares during the last seven years, deforesting rainforest and savannas, and using soil formerly employed for pastures and human food production; reducing biodiversity and food production for Argentinean people. The intensification of livestock productive model in Spain causes environmental degradation and poverty in other countries. Food sovereignty proposes other productive models, more local and respectful with environment and people

Spatial analysis of habitat quality in a fragmented population of little bustard (Tetrax tetrax): Implications for conservation

P. 45-56Little bustard populations have suffered reduction and isolation as a consequence of landscape transformations resulting from changes in traditional agricultural systems. Consequently, the species survives within reduced and fragmentary habitats, like islands isolated in a modified matrix. In this paper, we analyze the spatial variations in male density and habitat quality in a fragmented population located at the limit of the species’ Iberian range, which is affected by agricultural intensification, using a regional modelling approach. Habitat quality (quantified according to the species perception) and bird density decreased along the intensification gradient. However, in the most intensive agricultural zone, the quality of habitats selected by little bustard males increased, while density decreased, against the expected. In possible explanation, we suggest: (1) density is not necessarily a good indicator of habitat quality, (2) population could be under-saturated in this zone, (3) interannual variations in species distribution, or (4) other relevant variables related to the agricultural intensification process not included in this analysis, such as small-scale disturbances. Analysis of population distribution pattern showed a spatial configuration in which the most densely populated squares were located at the core of the biggest population patches, in contact with mid-density squares, and all surrounded by low-density squares. Fragmentation negatively affected habitat quality and male density. Largest population patches, containing higher density values, were located at the beginning of the intensification gradient. Preservation of little bustard densities is related to an adequate management of the farming system. Habitat fragmentation requires an urgent conservation strategy to prevent local and regional scale habitat deterioration, by reducing patch isolation to maintain genetic diversification and functional connectivity

Effect of exercise on gut microbiota and metabolic status modulation in an in vivo model of early obesity and NAFLD

1 p.Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health concerns from this century, associated with metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gut microbiota alterations. Physical exercise improves obesity and NAFLD progression, modulating the gut microbial balance. We aim to investigate the effect of physical exercise on gut microbiota and the metabolic status of an in vivo model of early obesity, metabolic syndrome, and NAFLD. Resumen de un trabajo resultado del proyecto de investigación financiado por la Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León (referencia LE063U16)S

Beneficial effects of exercise on gut microbiota functionality and barrier integrity, and gut-liver axis crosstalk in an "in vivo" model of early obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

[EN]Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels, representing one of the most serious public health concerns associated with metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is limited clinical experience concerning pediatric NAFLD patients, and thus the therapeutic options are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of exercise on gut microbiota composition and functionality balance, and consequent effects on early obesity and NAFLD onset in an in vivo model. Juvenile (21-day-old) male Wistar rats fed a control diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) were subjected to a combined aerobic and resistance training protocol. Fecal microbiota was sequenced by an Illumina MiSeq system, and parameters related to metabolic syndrome, fecal metabolome, intestinal barrier integrity, bile acid metabolism and transport, and alteration of the gut-liver axis were measured. Exercise decreased HFD-induced body weight gain, metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis, as a result of its lipid metabolism modulatory capacity. Gut microbiota composition and functionality were substantially modified as a consequence of diet, age and exercise intervention. In addition, the training protocol increased Parabacteroides, Bacteroides and Flavobacterium genera, correlating with a beneficial metabolomic profile, whereas Blautia, Dysgonomonas and Porphyromonas showed an opposite pattern. Exercise effectively counteracted HFD-induced microbial imbalance, leading to intestinal barrier preservation, which, in turn, prevented deregulation of the gut-liver axis and improved bile acid homeostasis, determining the clinical outcomes of NAFLD. In conclusion, we provide scientific evidence highlighting the benefits of gut microbiota composition and functionality modulation by physical exercise protocols in the management of early obesity and NAFLD development.SIThis work was supported by grants from Ministerio de Economıa y Competitividad ́ (BFU2017-87960-R), Junta de Castilla y León and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (LE063U16 and GRS1888/A/18). D.P. and S.C.-P. were supported by a fellowship from Junta de Castilla y León, co-financed by the European Social Fund. E.N. was supported by Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria of León. M.V.G.-M. was supported by contracts from the CIBERehd, which is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Efecto del ejercicio físico en la modulación de la microbiata intestinal y el desarrollo de síndrome metabólico y NAFLD en un modelo in vivo de obesidad temprana

2 p.Este trabajo pretende investigar el efecto del ejercicio físico sobre la microbiota intestinal y el estado metabólico en un modelo in vivo de obesidad temprana, síndrome metabólico y NAFLD. Resumen de un trabajo resultado del proyecto de investigación financiado por la Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León (referencia LE063U16)S

Creación de biblioteca digital de contenidos multimedia e implementación de prácticas basadas en debates sobre noticias y jurisprudencia de actualidad en el Máster Interuniversitario en Derecho Privado Patrimonial

Memoria ID2022-... Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2022-2023

Cancionero infantil de la Región de Murcia

Recopilación de canciones y prosodias infantiles características del siglo XX en la Región de Murcia. Se trata de una selección de seiscientas quince muestras musicales transmitidas oralmente que han servido de base para un estudio etnomusicológico. Las canciones se clasifican por secciones: del niño receptor (canciones de cuna y primeros años) y del niño intérprete (de comba, corro, palmas, excursión, etc.). Van acompañadas de sus textos y la transcripción se ajusta a la tesitura infantil, para que el cancionero tenga también aplicación didáctica. Se trata de un material singular y provechoso dirigido a aquellas personas interesadas en la oralidad musical de los niños y, en especial, a los docentes de música en infantil y primaria. .MurciaConsejería de Educación, Formación y Empleo. Biblioteca; Avda. de la Fama, 15 - 1ª Planta; 30006 Murcia; +34968279685; +34968279835; [email protected]