Less-than-lethal "flashbang" diversionary device.

Diversionary devices such as flashbang grenades are used in a wide variety of military and law-enforcement operations. They function to distract and/or incapacitate adversaries in scenarios ranging from hostage rescue to covert strategic paralysis operations. There are a number of disadvantages associated with currently available diversionary devices. Serious injuries and fatalities have resulted from their use both operationally and in training. Because safety is of paramount importance, desired improvements to these devices include protection against inadvertent initiation, the elimination of the production of high-velocity fragments, less damaging decibel output and increased light output. Sandia National Laboratories has developed a next-generation diversionary flash-bang device that will provide the end user with these enhanced safety features

Achievement Of A Beneficial Reuse Designation For A Specialized High Volume Byproduct

The State of Florida encourages the recycling and reuse of a variety of materials, assuming that it can be accomplished in a manner that protects public health and the environment. A detailed technical and field evaluation was conducted on behalf of and in cooperation with a major municipal utility, to investigate the reuse potential of large volume byproducts from an electrical generating station which employs circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology for combustion of coal and petcoke as fuel. In cooperation with FDEP, a 18 month field demonstration was conducted to assess stability, leachability, and runoff from one of the CFB byproducts (“EZBase™”). Pads (12 by 50 feet) were constructed of the compacted EZBase™ as well as of materials for which EZBase™ could be substituted (asphalt, limerock, concrete) and were designed to simulate proposed reuse scenarios. Shallow groundwater monitoring wells were installed immediately adjacent to the pads and were monitored monthly for a variety of constituents, in conjunction with surface water runoff samples collected during rainfall events, and soil samples adjacent to all of the pads.. Vanadium emerged as a substance of interest in both surface runoff and in soil, but vanadium was not detected in nearby groundwater wells. The groundwater, soil and storm water runoff data clearly demonstrated that the EZBase™ does not pose hazards to the environment, and demonstrated that the environmental fate of analytes in the byproduct is very similar to the other commonly used products in similar applications. A variety of potential risk-based reuse scenarios were proposed to the state environmental regulatory agency on the basis of human health and ecological considerations, including soil stabilization in environmental remediation applications, road bed and road surface projects, commercial/industrial site paving projects, and road right-of-way application. Toxicological, risk and engineering questions were satisfactorily addressed and approvals were granted for reuse of EZBase™ on a broad scale

Achievement Of A Beneficial Reuse Designation...

The State of Florida encourages the recycling and reuse of a variety of materials, assuming that it can be accomplished in a manner that protects public health and the environment. A detailed technical and field evaluation was conducted on behalf of and in cooperation with a major municipal utility, to investigate the reuse potential of large volume byproducts from an electrical generating station which employs circulating fluidized bed (CFB) technology for combustion of coal and petcoke as fuel. In cooperation with FDEP, a 18 month field demonstration was conducted to assess stability, leachability, and runoff from one of the CFB byproducts (“EZBase™”). Pads (12 by 50 feet) were constructed of the compacted EZBase™ as well as of materials for which EZBase™ could be substituted (asphalt, limerock, concrete) and were designed to simulate proposed reuse scenarios. Shallow groundwater monitoring wells were installed immediately adjacent to the pads and were monitored monthly for a variety of constituents, in conjunction with surface water runoff samples collected during rainfall events, and soil samples adjacent to all of the pads.. Vanadium emerged as a substance of interest in both surface runoff and in soil, but vanadium was not detected in nearby groundwater wells. The groundwater, soil and storm water runoff data clearly demonstrated that the EZBase™ does not pose hazards to the environment, and demonstrated that the environmental fate of analytes in the byproduct is very similar to the other commonly used products in similar applications. A variety of potential risk-based reuse scenarios were proposed to the state environmental regulatory agency on the basis of human health and ecological considerations, including soil stabilization in environmental remediation applications, road bed and road surface projects, commercial/industrial site paving projects, and road right-of-way application. Toxicological, risk and engineering questions were satisfactorily addressed and approvals were granted for reuse of EZBase™ on a broad scale

Less-than-lethal "Flashbang" Diversionary Device Less-than-lethal "Flashbang" Diversionary Device

Abstract Diversionary devices such as flashbang grenades are used in a wide variety of military and law-enforcement operations. They function to distract and/or incapacitate adversaries in scenarios ranging from hostage rescue to covert strategic paralysis operations. There are a number of disadvantages associated with currently available diversionary devices. Serious injuries and fatalities have resulted from their use both operationally and in training. Because safety is of paramount importance, desired improvements to these devices include protection against inadvertent initiation, the elimination of the production of high-velocity fragments, less damaging decibel output and increased light output. Sandia National Laboratories has developed a next-generation diversionary flash-bang device that will provide the end user with these enhanced safety features.

Ohio History 2012

https://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/10130/OH-v119-thumb.jpgOHIO HISTORY Contents for Volume 119, 2012 Streetcar Politics and Reform Government in Cleveland, 1880–1909 Robert Bionaz ...... 5 Cleveland’s Iron Ore Merchants and the Lake Superior Iron Ore Trade, 1855–1900 Terry S. Reynolds ...... 30 The Role of the Business Press in the Commercial Life of Cincinnati, 1831–1912 Bradford W. Scharlott ...... 61 The Flexibility of Freedom: Slavery and Servitude in Early Ohio James J. Gigantino II ......&nbsp;89 “Industry, Enterprize and Energy”: Caleb Atwater and the Meaning of Ohio Shawn Selby ...... 101 &nbsp; Book Reviews 119 </ul

Ohio History 2014

https://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/10128/OH-v121-thumb.jpgOHIO HISTORY Contents for Volume 121, 2014 Time Not Ripe: Black Women’s Quest for Citizenship and the Battle for Full Inclusion at Ohio State University Tyran Kai Steward ...... 4 “The Most Free of the Free States”: Politics, Slavery, Race, and Regional Identity in Early Ohio, 1790–1820 John Craig Hammond ...... 35 James A. Shedd to Dr. David Jordon: A Documentary Perspective on the Dayton Mob of 1841 Hans C. Rasmussen ...... 58 The Ohio Constitution of 1803, Jefferson’s Danbury Letter, and Religion in Education David Scott ...... 73 Memories of Work and the Definition of Community: The Making of Italian Americans in the Mahoning Valley Donna M. DeBlasio and Martha I. Pallante ...... 89 Germans, Jubilee Singers, and Axe Men: James A. Garfield and the Original Front-Porch Campaign for the Presidency Jeffrey Normand Bourdon ...... 112 &nbsp; Book Reviews ......&nbsp;130 On the cover: Niles Fire Brick workers, ca. 1896.</p

Community Structures of Fecal Bacteria in Cattle from Different Animal Feeding Operations▿†

The fecal microbiome of cattle plays a critical role not only in animal health and productivity but also in food safety, pathogen shedding, and the performance of fecal pollution detection methods. Unfortunately, most published molecular surveys fail to provide adequate detail about variability in the community structures of fecal bacteria within and across cattle populations. Using massively parallel pyrosequencing of a hypervariable region of the rRNA coding region, we profiled the fecal microbial communities of cattle from six different feeding operations where cattle were subjected to consistent management practices for a minimum of 90 days. We obtained a total of 633,877 high-quality sequences from the fecal samples of 30 adult beef cattle (5 individuals per operation). Sequence-based clustering and taxonomic analyses indicate less variability within a population than between populations. Overall, bacterial community composition correlated significantly with fecal starch concentrations, largely reflected in changes in the Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes populations. In addition, network analysis demonstrated that annotated sequences clustered by management practice and fecal starch concentration, suggesting that the structures of bovine fecal bacterial communities can be dramatically different in different animal feeding operations, even at the phylum and family taxonomic levels, and that the feeding operation is a more important determinant of the cattle microbiome than is the geographic location of the feedlot