VAT rate change and its impact on liquidity

In today\u27s globalized world which is characterized by very quick changes, the need for cash is greater than ever before. The company\u27s liquidity has become one of the most important categories in business. Tax changes that occur in the Republic of Croatia practically from one tax period to another have an impact on the overall business including its liquidity. Therefore, it has become increasingly important for businesses to maintain an adequate level of liquidity and to continuously analyse and monitor it through certain financial ratios. The paper demonstrates a potential impact of the general VAT rate change on liquidity. Companies are divided into two groups. The first group consists of companies that in the years after tax rate changes continue with normal business activity. The second group comprises companies that have been faced with business discontinuity in the years following the change. Possible differences between the liquidity ratios of the companies that have gone bankrupt and companies that have not gone bankrupt after the general VAT rate increase from 22% to 23% are explored. In compliance with the time scope of tax change that occur in one tax accounting period, liquidity is also analysed in the year preceding the year in which the VAT rate was changed

Factors that Affect Classroom Participation

The goal of this study was to identify the factors that affect the levels of classroom participation among sophomore business students at RIT Croatia in Zagreb. While previous studies conducted were mainly quantitative in nature, this study involved in-depth interviews with ten students, gaining further insight on what impacts their participation levels. It was discovered that logistics, student traits, classroom climate, and the professor impact the level of participation within the classroom. Participation levels were identified to be higher in classroom environments that were smaller in size, provided students with support, respect, constructive feedback, and involved theory being related to real-life situations. Implications for educational institutions are discussed

DETECTING OPTIMAL FINANCIAL AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE: THE CASE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SME) IN REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

One of the most frequent buzzwords nowadays in the economic science is word »optimum« or its adjective »optimal«. In most cases it includes the maximization of certain variables, but in the case of financial and capital structure it refers to the most favourable ratio of debt and capital. In order to determine the most suitable range of financial (capital) structure it must be associated with company's success. The question that arises is – how to measure success of a company? There are many ways – most common is definitely profitability. But nowadays profitability in many cases cannot be reliable indicator of company's success because there are many ways to embellish »bottom line« without substantial upturns. There is notable number of cases in which profitable companies go bankrupt. That is the reason why business continuity was used as a measure of company's success in this paper. Relation between financial (capital) structure and opening bankruptcy proceeding will be analyzed to determine which companies according to their affinities in financing are more likely to go bankrupt. Also, financial (capital) structure movement in years before bankruptcy occured and difference between financial (capital) structure of companies which belong to manufacturing and retail and wholesale activity will be analyzed. Sample consists of small and medium enterprises which operated in Republic of Croatia. They are divided in two subsamples – first subsample includes companies which have opened bankruptcy proceeding and second subsample includes companies which haven't opened bankruptcy proceeding and continued their business activity. Financial data was gathered from Croatian Financial Agency official website and data about bankruptcy proceedings was collected from Croatian Official Gazzette

The influence of growth location and harvest time on phenolic compounds in mastic tree leaves (Pistacia lentiscus L.)

Tršlja je vazdazelena biljka, karakteristična za mediteransko područje, a smatra se bogatim izvorom fenolnih spojeva. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti utjecaj lokacije uzgoja i termina berbe na koncentraciju ukupnih fenolnih spojeva lista tršlje. Uzorci su brani sa 4 lokacije s područja Hrvatske u 2 termina berbe. Za provođenje ekstrakcije korištena je vodena otopina etanola, a maseni udjeli ukupnih flavonoida, hidroksicimetnih kiselina i flavonola određeni su spektrofotometrijskim metodama. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, najviše koncentracije ukupnih flavonoida, hidroksicimetnih kiselina i flavonola zabilježene su na Korčuli u prvom terminu berbe (8,71 mg/g uzorka, 9,85 mg/g uzorka i 9,13 mg/g uzorka). U drugom terminu berbe, na Korčuli je određena najniža koncentracija ukupnih flavonoida, hidroksicimetnih kiselina i flavonola (3,96 mg/g uzorka, 5,05 mg/g uzorka, 4,58 mg/g uzorka), dok je najviša koncentracija ukupnih flavonoida zabilježena na Hvaru (8,62 mg/g uzorka). Najviše koncentracije ukupnih hidroksicimetnih kiselina i flavonola u drugom terminu berbe određene su na Barbarigi (7,73 mg/g uzorka, 8,27 mg/g uzorka).Mastic tree is an evergreen plant, characteristic in the Mediterranean area and is considered as a rich source of phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the growth location and harvest time on the concentration of the total phenolic compounds in mastic tree leaves. Samples are collected from 4 locations in Croatia in 2 harvest periods. Aqueous ethanol solution was used for extraction, while mass concentrations of total flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols were determined by spectrophotometric methods. According to the results, in the first harvest period, the highest concentration of total flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols were found on Korčula (8,71 mg/g sample, 9,85 mg/g sample and 9,13 mg/g sample). In the second harvest period, the lowest concentrations of total flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols (3,96 mg/g sample, 5,05 mg/g sample, 4,58 mg/g sample) were determined at Korčula, while the highest concentration of total flavonoids was found on Hvar (8,62 mg/g sample). The highest concentrations of total hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols in the second harvest period were determined at Barbariga (7,73 mg/g sample, 8,27 mg/g sample)

The influence of growth location and harvest time on phenolic compounds in mastic tree leaves (Pistacia lentiscus L.)

Tršlja je vazdazelena biljka, karakteristična za mediteransko područje, a smatra se bogatim izvorom fenolnih spojeva. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti utjecaj lokacije uzgoja i termina berbe na koncentraciju ukupnih fenolnih spojeva lista tršlje. Uzorci su brani sa 4 lokacije s područja Hrvatske u 2 termina berbe. Za provođenje ekstrakcije korištena je vodena otopina etanola, a maseni udjeli ukupnih flavonoida, hidroksicimetnih kiselina i flavonola određeni su spektrofotometrijskim metodama. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, najviše koncentracije ukupnih flavonoida, hidroksicimetnih kiselina i flavonola zabilježene su na Korčuli u prvom terminu berbe (8,71 mg/g uzorka, 9,85 mg/g uzorka i 9,13 mg/g uzorka). U drugom terminu berbe, na Korčuli je određena najniža koncentracija ukupnih flavonoida, hidroksicimetnih kiselina i flavonola (3,96 mg/g uzorka, 5,05 mg/g uzorka, 4,58 mg/g uzorka), dok je najviša koncentracija ukupnih flavonoida zabilježena na Hvaru (8,62 mg/g uzorka). Najviše koncentracije ukupnih hidroksicimetnih kiselina i flavonola u drugom terminu berbe određene su na Barbarigi (7,73 mg/g uzorka, 8,27 mg/g uzorka).Mastic tree is an evergreen plant, characteristic in the Mediterranean area and is considered as a rich source of phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the growth location and harvest time on the concentration of the total phenolic compounds in mastic tree leaves. Samples are collected from 4 locations in Croatia in 2 harvest periods. Aqueous ethanol solution was used for extraction, while mass concentrations of total flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols were determined by spectrophotometric methods. According to the results, in the first harvest period, the highest concentration of total flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols were found on Korčula (8,71 mg/g sample, 9,85 mg/g sample and 9,13 mg/g sample). In the second harvest period, the lowest concentrations of total flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols (3,96 mg/g sample, 5,05 mg/g sample, 4,58 mg/g sample) were determined at Korčula, while the highest concentration of total flavonoids was found on Hvar (8,62 mg/g sample). The highest concentrations of total hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols in the second harvest period were determined at Barbariga (7,73 mg/g sample, 8,27 mg/g sample)

ГРУПНО ИЗВРШУВАЊЕ НА КРИВИЧНИТЕ ДЕЛА КАЈ ДЕЦАТА ВО РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА ЗА ПЕРИОДОТ ОД 2005- 2015 ГОДИНА

Association of people in processes of fulfilling their common goals is a characteristic of every area of human‟s social life. The fact that together people can achieve a greater effect is the main motive why association is used in criminal sphere. But, we should never forget how dangerous "concursus delinquentium" is. Co - offending is not only a special form of committing a crime, but also a special crime phenomenon (collective crime) which is much more dangerous than crimes committed by a single perpetrator. Collective crime is an accumulation of criminal energy, as a result of which a conscious and intentional association emerges. In criminal law‟s theory a crime committed by few persons changes the level of social danger, because co- offending deepens the problem of crimes. One of the most common phenomenological signs of criminality among children is group commission of crime offences, which means the participation of two or more children when engaging in criminal action. This feature is emphasized among this type of perpetrators because of the sense of insecurity as an integral element of personality, then the need of support for committing the crime and the motive to be seen by others as a manifestation of his power and strength, feigned fearlessness etc. From the overall research conducted in order to empirically verify the hypotheses set out in the dissertation, in the stated period it is concluded that children engage in criminal activities by forming groups of several perpetrators (usually two), the groups are spontaneously formed in order to commit a crime and it disbands after its exposure and initiation of criminal procedure. So far there haven‟t been registered many gangs with elements of strong hierarchical organization and leadership in the groups, but it should never be a mitigating circumstance, and this complex issue should always draw the interest of the authorities. On the contrary, all of this clearly indicates children‟s criminal association and forming groups for criminal offending. Therefore it is necessary to take appropriate measures based on scientific grounds for prevention and suppression of this socially unacceptable and dangerous organizing of young people

LIFE IN A BACKPACK: EU’S ASYLUM POLICIES AND ITS IMPACT ON MACEDONIAN ASYLUM LEGISLATION

Starting the Arab spring in 2010 and going through the latest and ongoing Syrian conflict and crises, Balkans and Macedonian railways have been and are a place where many human destinies cross their paths walking to the Member States of the European Union. On the other side, Macedonia is struggling with an influx of refugees, finding itself in a status quo position, even looking as it does not know how to solve the situation. Migrants were killed on railways every day not being able to use any kind of public transportation; their smuggling became a normal business for organized crime groups; Macedonian citizens started to earn money on refugees’ misfortune. The paper using the comparative method and document analysis, gives an overview of the EU’s legislation in the area, its improvement and current impact on things, all of it concluded with the Macedonian legal solutions regarding asylum and authors’ recommendations. Key words: asylum; European Union; Macedonia; migration; refugee