Eliminasi Logam Berat Kadmium Dalam Air Limbah Menggunakan Tanaman Air

Aquatic plants (Eichornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia cucullata)were grown in a nutrient solution in the presence of Cd ion (0,2 mg/L). Analysiswere performed to established whether there was a removal of Cd in solutionand there was accumulation of Cd in the roots and shoots of the plants.Analysis of Cd concentrations in water was performed everyday and at the endof the experiment the shoot and root of the plants was harvested. The resultsshowed that Cd concentrations in all solutions declined until tenth day.Eichornia crassipes could remove Cd in solution completely by six days. WhilePistia stratiotes and Salvinia cucullata of Cd removal rate were 93,5 % and 77,4%, respectively. Root to shoot concentration ratio of Cd was 36 for Eichorniacrassipes and 10 for Pistia stratiotes

Pemanasan Global Dan Keanekaragaman Hayati

Global warming will have a negative impact on biodiversity. In contrast,the increase of population in the world has an effect to the need ofbiological resources for food, industry, medicine, etc. Human activitiesin several sectors, such as energy, forestry, agriculture, husbandry,and waste create a greenhouse effect. Greenhouse effects are due to arise of greenhouse gases, such as CO2 (carbon dioxide), CH4 (methane),N2O (nitrogen dioxide), PFCS (perfluorocarbon), HFCS (hydrofluoro-carbon), SF6 (sulfurhexafluoride), and H 2O (water vapor). Studiessuggest that climate change may also cause the melting of polar ice-caps, rising sea levels, and a shift of season. Global climate changewiil also have a wide range of effects on human health, including a riskof infectious disease epidemics. Therefore, climate change is a seriouslythreat for the world and it is necessary to have a global agreement tocombat the threat. In 2005, Kyoto Protocol was agreed and The CleanDevelopment Mechanism (CDM) is a the Kyoto Protocol's mechanismaimed at helping industrialized countries meet their greenhouse gasreduction targets. The CDM is also meant to help developing countriesachieve sustainable development, including facilitating the transfer and/or development of low-emission technologies. Long term collectiveefforts are needed to combat and adapt with adverse effects of globalwarming, especially for the extinction of biological diversity

Fitoremediasi Tanah Tercemar Minyak Bumi Menggunakan Empat Jenis Rumput

Penelitian fitoremediasi tanah tercemar minyak bumi menggunakan empat jenis rumput - rumputan yang terdiri dari Eleusine indica, Paspalum notatum, Setaria splendida, dan Stenotaphrum secundatum telah dilakukan. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas rumput-rumputan tersebut sebagai tanaman fitoremediasi dalam mengurangi kadar total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) pada tanah tercemar minyak bumi. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan vegetative tanaman rumput yang terdiri dari biomasa kering, tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, dan panjang akar setelah 4 bulan tanam. Selain itu juga dilakukan analisis kadar TPH pada tanah yang telah ditanami rumput-rumputan selama 4; 9; dan 12 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat jenis tanaman rumput yang diteliti adalah efektif untuk digunakan sebagai tanaman fitoremediasi tanah tercemar minyak bumi. Persen penurunan TPH tertinggi diperoleh dari rumput Paspalum notatum (38,81%), kemudian Eleusine indica (38,69%), Setaria splendida (36,34%), dan Stenotaphrum secundatum (29,32%)

Effectiveness of the Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) Peel Extract as the Colorant, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial on Beef Sausage

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel extracts addition on beef sausages. Red dragon fruit peel extracts were obtained by maceration using solvent at pH 5. Phytochemical characteristics, total phenols, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of the peel extracts were observed. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were associated with high phytochemical compounds and total phenols contained in the extracts. Red dragon fruit peel extracts with various percentages (0%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) were added on beef sausages, and their physicochemical characteristics, nutrients, antioxidant activity, and microbiological profile were analyzed. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan\u27s multiple range test. Results showed that the addition of red dragon fruit peel extracts significantly reduced texture values, but increased intensity of luminosity, intensity of red color, and intensity of yellow color (P<0.05) beef sausages. It could be concluded that red dragon fruit peel extract containing phytochemical compounds was effective as an antibacterial agent and natural antioxidant. The addition of red dragon fruit peel extracts was effective in increasing the antioxidant activity and decreasing TBARS values. The addition of red dragon fruit peel extract did not affect the reddish colorization of beef sausages, but it was capable of increasing the yellowish colorization on beef sausage

Stress Indicator, Carcass Composition, and Meat Cholesterol of Kampung-Broiler Crossbred Chicken Treated by Different Stocking Density

This study aimed to investigate the effect of stocking density on stress indicator, carcass composition, and meat cholesterol content of kampung–broiler crossbred chicken. Anamount of 90 DOCs of crossbred kampung-broiler (KB) were placed into 9 plots sized 1x1 m2 in semi closed house that consist of 3 stocking densities 8, 10 and 12 birds m-2 and respectively 3 replicates. The chickens were fed commercial broiler feed. Approximately ± 30% roosters slaughtered for analysis of malondialdehyde, carcass quality, and meat cholesterol. Malondialdehyde, carcass composition, and meat cholesterol was completely randomized designed with different stocking densities treatments and three replicates. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and had previously been tested for requirement of variance test assumption. Data of temperature humidity index (THI) was descriptively explained. The results showed that the effect of different stocking densities on stress indicator reflected by THI value and MDA content, carcass composition (percentage of carcass and abdominal fat weight), and cholesterol level were not significant. The different of stocking densities (8, 10 and 12 birds m-2) did not affect the stress indicators reflected by THI and MDA level, carcass composition and meat cholesterol level. Kampung-broiler crossbred chicken could develop at 8, 10 or 12 birds m-2 densities since the lower of abdominal fat and meat cholesterol were resulte

Identification of Poymorphism and Association Analyses of FMO3 Gene Related with Carcass and Meat Quality in Cihateup Duck

The aim of this study was to identifypolymorphism and association of the FMO3 gene related to carcass and meat quality in Indonesian Cihateup ducks. A total of sixty Indonesian Cihateup ducks were used in this study. Tissues from breast muscleswas used for genomic DNA. Association analysis showed that the SNP g.849A>G was highly significantly associated (P<0.01) with live weight (LW), carcass weight (CW), breast muscle weight (BMW), pH, cooking loss, drip loss (DL), lightness (L*) and redness (a*), TBARS and TMA. Compared to the GG genotype, the AG genotype exhibited greater levels (P < 0.05) LW, CW, pH, a*, TBARS and TMA but not DL and L*. These results will improve the understanding of the functions of the FMO3 gene in carcass and meat quality within the liver and will shed light on FMO3 as a candidate gene in the selection of ducks with good carcass and meat quality trait

Seleksi Lima Jenis Rumput Untuk Fitoremediasi Tanah Tercemar Minyak Bumi

Phytoremediation is a promising green technology for cleaning up petroleum contaminated soil. The potential of this technology in tropical regions such as Indonesia is very high due to favorable climatic conditions for plant growth and encourage the activity of soil microbes capable of degrading oil. This study aimed to identify five types of grass plants namely Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria humidicola, Eleusin indica, Paspalum notatum and Setaria splendida, which were grown in petroleum contaminated soil with Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) level of 3.42%. The most important, they are hopefully as the type of grass able to reduce the high petroleum contamination. The results showed that the grass Paspalum notatum was the best candidate for phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soil, having 43.3%decreased of TPH level after twelve month planting