Strategi Kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah dalam Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru di Madrasah Aliyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin Lampung Selatan

The main objectives of this study are: 1) To find out the Madrasah Principal's Leadership Strategy in Increasing Teacher Professionalism at Madrasah Aliyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin 2) To find out the supporting and inhibiting factors in Improving Teacher Professionalism at Madrasah Aliyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin. This research method uses a qualitative approach, the method used in this research is using, Observation, Interview, Documentation. The results showed that the leadership strategy of the madrasa head in increasing teacher professionalism at Madrasah Aliyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin, namely: creating conducive situations and conditions in the work environment, increasing discipline for all educators, carrying out strict selection of teaching staff, providing welfare guarantees for, Evaluate each activity that has been implemented. Supporting factors namely; apply the principles of respect for educators who have work creativity and innovation, have sufficient budget for madrasah development, have adequate and supporting facilities and infrastructure, educators have high work enthusiasm and innovation in carrying out their duties. Inhibiting factors are: there are still many educators who have not been able to properly utilize the facilities and infrastructure owned by madrasas as media in learning, there are still som

PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK DI KELAS II SEKOLAH DASAR

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini secara umum untuk mendapatkan informasi yang akurat dan benar untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa melalui pembelajaran tematik di kelas II sekolah Dasar Negeri 27 Biyu Kabupaten Sanggau. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Terdapat peningkatan aktivitas belajar pada pengamatan awal yaitu 53,54%, meningkat menjadi 63,64% pada siklus I, dan pada siklus  II meningkat menjadi 83,84%. Selisih peningkatan dari pengamatan awal ke siklus I dengan persentase sebesar 10,10%, kemudian selisih peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II  dengan persentase sebesar 20,20%. Dengan demikian  dapat  dikatakan skor rata-rata aktivitas belajar siklus I  dikategorikan sedang, sementara  pada siklus II dikategorikan tinggi. Kata Kunci: Aktivitas Belajar, Pembelajaran Tematik Abstract: The general reseach purpuses to obtain accurate and correct information to enhance the students learning activities in II classroom 27 biyu districts Sanggau. The method used is descriptive method. There is increased activities at baseline 53,54% increased to 63,64% in the first cycle,  and the second cycle increased  83,84%. The different increased at baseline to cycle I with a percentage of 10,10%, then the different increased  of cycle I to cycle II with a percentage of  20,20%. Thi is can be said the average score learning acrivities categorized cycle I being considered, while in cycle II categorized  as high. Keyword: Activities Learning, Thematic Learning

PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN PERAWATAN LUKA PADA KLIEN POST SECTIO CAESAREA DI RSD LIUN KENDAGE TAHUNA

Sectio caesarea memiliki resiko yang mengancam nyawa, salah satunya resiko infeksi. Catatan medis menunjukan 15% kematian ibu nifas akibat infeksi. Jadi, perawatan luka yang salah dapat menyebabkan infeksi yang berujung pada kematian. Tujuan studi kasus ini untuk menggambarkan penerapan manajemen perawatan luka post sectio caesarea yang sesuai standar. Metode yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus yang dilakukan kepada tiga klien pot sectio caesarea selama 7 hari. Hasil: 2 dari 3 klien menunjukan penyembuhan luka yang baik pada hari ketujuh setelah diterapkan perawatan luka yang sesuai standar. Kesimpulan: Manajemen perawatan luka yang sesuai standar dan sikap positif klien dalam menunjang proses perawatan akan membantu proses penyembuhan luka dan menurunkan intensitas nyeri sehingga meningkatkan kemampuan mobilitas klien. Saran: perawat dapat meningkatkan perawatan luka dan penyuluhan kesehatan, agar dapat tercipta sikap positif pada klien untuk menunjang perawatan luka

THE PRODUCTION OF ALKYL POLYGLYCOSIDE (APG) SURFACTANT AND ITS APPLICATION IN LIQUID HAND SOAP

ABSTRACT  Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) is one of nonionic surfactant that is applied in some formulations such as personal care products, cosmetics,  textile bleachies and herbicides. APG’s production is carried out in two stages, i.e. butanolysis and transacetalization. These processes are then followed by neutralization, distillation, dissolution and bleaching. This research aims were to study the influence of fatty alcohol C10 (decanol) and C12 (dodekanol) and the activator material, and to characterize the APG. Beside that, the research studied about the characteristics of liquid hand soap with the APG as the raw material. The synthesized APG had characteristics as follow: bright-yellow to brown-black  in color, with percent of transmittance value range of 12.99-55.91%. The yield obtained was 37.44-46.88%. The abilities to reduce surface tension were 59.90-64.10%; the ability to reduce interfacial tension were 90.69-94.25%, and emulsion stability of 65.24-80.49% in 5 hours. Compared to commercial APG, the ability to reduce surface tension was 55.97%, the ability to reduce interfacial tension was 91.63%, and emulsion stability of 66.46-70.73%. The best APG formulation had HLB value of 8.498.  Liquid soap produced using APG which is obtained previously has cleaning power as good as 128 FTU turbidity, specific gravity of 1.024 g/ml, pH of 6.98 and free of microbial contamination. While commercial liquid hand soap had the following characteristics: cleaning power of 192 FTU turbidity, specific gravity of 1.027 g/ml, pH of 7.03, and free of microbial contamination. Organoleptic test on the aroma, colour, and impression after the use of liquid hand soap formulation showed that in general, panelists preferred the best formulation of liquid hand soap. While on foam and viscosity properties, panelists preferred the commercial hand wash liquid soap of brand “D”.   Keywords: fatty alcohol, liquid hand soap, APG  

THE PRODUCTION OF ALKYL POLYGLYCOSIDE (APG) SURFACTANT AND ITS APPLICATION IN LIQUID HAND SOAP

ABSTRACT  Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) is one of nonionic surfactant that is applied in some formulations such as personal care products, cosmetics,  textile bleachies and herbicides. APG’s production is carried out in two stages, i.e. butanolysis and transacetalization. These processes are then followed by neutralization, distillation, dissolution and bleaching. This research aims were to study the influence of fatty alcohol C10 (decanol) and C12 (dodekanol) and the activator material, and to characterize the APG. Beside that, the research studied about the characteristics of liquid hand soap with the APG as the raw material. The synthesized APG had characteristics as follow: bright-yellow to brown-black  in color, with percent of transmittance value range of 12.99-55.91%. The yield obtained was 37.44-46.88%. The abilities to reduce surface tension were 59.90-64.10%; the ability to reduce interfacial tension were 90.69-94.25%, and emulsion stability of 65.24-80.49% in 5 hours. Compared to commercial APG, the ability to reduce surface tension was 55.97%, the ability to reduce interfacial tension was 91.63%, and emulsion stability of 66.46-70.73%. The best APG formulation had HLB value of 8.498.  Liquid soap produced using APG which is obtained previously has cleaning power as good as 128 FTU turbidity, specific gravity of 1.024 g/ml, pH of 6.98 and free of microbial contamination. While commercial liquid hand soap had the following characteristics: cleaning power of 192 FTU turbidity, specific gravity of 1.027 g/ml, pH of 7.03, and free of microbial contamination. Organoleptic test on the aroma, colour, and impression after the use of liquid hand soap formulation showed that in general, panelists preferred the best formulation of liquid hand soap. While on foam and viscosity properties, panelists preferred the commercial hand wash liquid soap of brand “D”.   Keywords: fatty alcohol, liquid hand soap, APG  

APLIKASI ASAM STEARAT SEBAGAI COMPATIBILIZER PADA FILM KOMPOSIT TEPUNG UBI KAYU-LINEAR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE

Mixing of thermo plasticized cassava flour (TCL) with linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) is faced in polarity differences where TCL as a polar material while LLDPE is a nonpolar material. To get good compound, an additive substances called compatibilizer is needed to modify the polarityof respective component, i.e. stearic acid to give polar group on LLDPE molecules. The objective of this study was to investigate of the use of stearic acid as compatibilizer on TCL-LLDPE composite film. TCL was produced by adding 30 and 40% (w/w) of glycerin to cassava flour (CL). Composite films were formulated based on CL:LLDPE ratio 2:8 and 3:7. The stearic acid dosages used were 5 and 7% (w/w) of LLDPE. The influence of the flour, glycerin, and stearic acid dose on melt flow index, specific gravity, mechanical properties, seal strength, and film clarity were analyzed. The results show that higher composite melt flow index was obtained on composites that use higher stearic acid dosage. Higher composite specific gravity was obtained on composites that use higher CL. Higher CL ratio give composite film lower mechanical properties and seal strength. The best composite film properties was produced from 2:8 CL:LLDPE ratio, 40% glycerin, and 5% stearic acid. The best properties of the composite film are 5.62 MPa in MD tensile strength and 594.27% elongation.Keywords: cassava flour, composite film, stearic aci

APLIKASI ASAM STEARAT SEBAGAI COMPATIBILIZER PADA FILM KOMPOSIT TEPUNG UBI KAYU-LINEAR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE

Mixing of thermo plasticized cassava flour (TCL) with linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) is faced in polarity differences where TCL as a polar material while LLDPE is a nonpolar material. To get good compound, an additive substances called compatibilizer is needed to modify the polarityof respective component, i.e. stearic acid to give polar group on LLDPE molecules. The objective of this study was to investigate of the use of stearic acid as compatibilizer on TCL-LLDPE composite film. TCL was produced by adding 30 and 40% (w/w) of glycerin to cassava flour (CL). Composite films were formulated based on CL:LLDPE ratio 2:8 and 3:7. The stearic acid dosages used were 5 and 7% (w/w) of LLDPE. The influence of the flour, glycerin, and stearic acid dose on melt flow index, specific gravity, mechanical properties, seal strength, and film clarity were analyzed. The results show that higher composite melt flow index was obtained on composites that use higher stearic acid dosage. Higher composite specific gravity was obtained on composites that use higher CL. Higher CL ratio give composite film lower mechanical properties and seal strength. The best composite film properties was produced from 2:8 CL:LLDPE ratio, 40% glycerin, and 5% stearic acid. The best properties of the composite film are 5.62 MPa in MD tensile strength and 594.27% elongation.Keywords: cassava flour, composite film, stearic aci

PROCESS OPTIMIZATION FOR PRODUCTION OF ALKYL POLYGLYCOSIDES NONIONIC SURFACTANT USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

ABSTRACTDevelopment of the surfactant is strongly influenced by using material to produce alkyl polyglycosides (APG) surfactant, such as starch or glucose and dodecanol. The objectives of this study were to obtain optimization of process conditions for the APG production from  glucose and dodecanol using the response surface methodology and to characterize  the  APG. The independent variables used were  glucose-dodecanol mol ratio of 1:3 to 1:6  and acetalization temperature of 100-120oC. The optimum process conditions for the synthesis of APG from glucose was obtained at mole ratio of glucose to dodecanol of 1:4.7 and temperature of 111.4°C with the APG  emulsion stability of y 75%. The optimum process conditions were verified to strengthen the model equations obtained using response surface method. The results of verification were tested surface tension, interfacial tension, HLB, and confirmation of its structure. Surface tension and interfacial tension decreased indicated by  the increasing concentration of surfactant. HLB obtained was  the O/W emulsifier and as a solubilizing agent.Keywords: alkyl polyglycosides(APG), dodecanol, emulsion stabilit

PROCESS OPTIMIZATION FOR PRODUCTION OF ALKYL POLYGLYCOSIDES NONIONIC SURFACTANT USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

ABSTRACTDevelopment of the surfactant is strongly influenced by using material to produce alkyl polyglycosides (APG) surfactant, such as starch or glucose and dodecanol. The objectives of this study were to obtain optimization of process conditions for the APG production from  glucose and dodecanol using the response surface methodology and to characterize  the  APG. The independent variables used were  glucose-dodecanol mol ratio of 1:3 to 1:6  and acetalization temperature of 100-120oC. The optimum process conditions for the synthesis of APG from glucose was obtained at mole ratio of glucose to dodecanol of 1:4.7 and temperature of 111.4°C with the APG  emulsion stability of y 75%. The optimum process conditions were verified to strengthen the model equations obtained using response surface method. The results of verification were tested surface tension, interfacial tension, HLB, and confirmation of its structure. Surface tension and interfacial tension decreased indicated by  the increasing concentration of surfactant. HLB obtained was  the O/W emulsifier and as a solubilizing agent.Keywords: alkyl polyglycosides(APG), dodecanol, emulsion stabilit

Adsorpsi Surfaktan Nonionik Alkil Poliglikosida pada Antar muka Fluida-Fluida

Nonionic surfactants have been used extensively in various industrial applications such as cleaning, personal care, crop protection, paint and coating, textile finishing, emulsion stabilization, food and leather processing. In this study, we have studied the adsorption of three nonionic surfactants of alkyl polyglycoside, namely commercial APG from Cognis and APG produced from glucose as well as APG synthesized from sago starch, at fluid–fluid interfaces. The variation of surface and interfacial tension with the concentration of surfactant in the bulk was studied, and the data were fitted using a surface equation of state derived from the Langmuir isotherm. The agreement between ?(c) data and Langmuir isotherm model was very good.Keywords: adsorption, air/water interface, interfacial tension, surface tensio