Film boiling on vertical surfaces in turbulent regime

Film boiling on vertical surfaces in turbulent regime using cryogenic fluid

A Stable Non-BPS Configuration From Intersecting Branes and Antibranes

We describe a tachyon-free stable non-BPS brane configuration in type IIA string theory. The configuration is an elliptic model involving rotated NS5 branes, D4 branes and anti-D4 branes, and is dual to a fractional brane-antibrane pair placed at a conifold singularity. This configuration exhibits an interesting behaviour as we vary the radius of the compact direction. Below a critical radius the D4 and anti-D4 branes are aligned, but as the radius increases above the critical value the potential between them develops a minimum away from zero. This signals a phase transition to a configuration with finitely separated branes

Film condensation in a horizontal rectangular duct

Condensation heat transfer in an annular flow regime with and without interfacial waves was experimentally investigated. The study included measurements of heat transfer rate with condensation of vapor flowing inside a horizontal rectangular duct and experiments on the initiation of interfacial waves in condensation, and adiabatic air-liquid flow. An analytical model for the condensation was developed to predict condensate film thickness and heat transfer coefficients. Some conclusions drawn from the study are that the condensate film thickness was very thin (less than 0.6 mm). The average heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing the inlet vapor velocity. The local heat transfer coefficient decreased with the axial distance of the condensing surface, with the largest change at the leading edge of the test section. The interfacial shear stress, which consisted of the momentum shear stress and the adiabatic shear stress, appeared to have a significant effect on the heat transfer coefficients. In the experiment, the condensate flow along the condensing surface experienced a smooth flow, a two-dimensional wavy flow, and a three-dimensional wavy flow. In the condensation experiment, the local wave length decreased with the axial distance of the condensing surface and the average wave length decreased with increasing inlet vapor velocity, while the wave speed increased with increasing vapor velocity. The heat transfer measurements are reliable. And, the ultrasonic technique was effective for measuring the condensate film thickness when the surface was smooth or had waves of small amplitude

Film condensation in a horizontal rectangular duct

Condensation heat transfer in a horizontal rectangular duct was experimentally and analytically investigated. To prevent the dripping of condensate on the film, the experiment was conducted inside a horizontal rectangular duct with vapor condensing only on the bottom cooled plate of the duct. R-113 and FC-72 (Fluorinert Electronic Fluid developed by the 3M Company) were used as the condensing fluids. The experimental program included measurements of film thickness, local and average heat transfer coefficients, wave length, wave speed, and a study of wave initiation. The measured film thickness was used to obtain the local heat transfer coefficient. The wave initiation was studied both with condensation and with an adiabatic air-liquid flow. The test sections used in both experiments were identical

IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF INHIBITOR AND SUBSTRATE BINDING SITE OF SERRAPEPTIDASE FROM SERRATIA MARCESCENS MTCC 8708

Objective: Serrapeptidase is a therapeutic enzyme broadly used as an anti-inflammatory drug to treat inflammatory diseases like arthritis, bronchitis, fibrocystic breast disease and sinusitis. The objective of present study is in silco analyzes of the substrate and inhibitor binding sites of serratiopeptidase, expressed from a cloned gene.Methods: The gene encoding Serrapeptidase was amplified from genomic DNA of Serratia marcescens MTCC 8707, an isolated from the flowers of summer squash plants. The gene was sequenced, the nucleotide sequence of 1464 nucleotides was submitted to Gen Bank nucleotide database and accession number GI: KP869847 obtained. The develop amino acid sequence was used to predict 3D structure using different bioinformatics tools and software's Further, CABS-dock and Swiss Dock, the docking servers were used for enzyme-substrate/inhibitor binding site analysis. The inflammatory mediators, bradykinin, and substance-P were used as substrates, whereas, EDTA and Lisinopril were used as an inhibitor for serrapeptidase. UCSF Chimera program was used for interactive visualization and analysis of docked results.Results: The docking studies show substrates bradykinin and substance-P bind near zinc binding site with minimum RMSD value and the inhibitors EDTA and lisinopril showed favorable interaction at zinc binding site of serrapeptidase with minimum free energy.Conclusion: The result of docking studies confirm that the substrate or inhibitor binds near zinc binding domain (HEXXH.) and the peptide bond of the substrate can be effectively cleaved by serrapeptidase.Keywords: Serrapeptidase, Anti-inflammation, Arthritis, Molecular docking, Drug discovery, Protein-peptide interaction, Bradykinin, Substance-

Simultaneous Determination of Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate and Metformin Hydrochloride in Tablets by a Validated UPLC Method

A novel approach was used to develop and validate a rapid, specific, accurate and precise reverse phase ultra performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate and Metformin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Aquity UPLC BEH C8 100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm, column using a buffer consisting of 10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2 mM hexane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt (pH adjusted to 5.50 with diluted phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile as organic solvent in a gradient program. The flow rate was 0.2 mL min−1 and the detection wavelength was 210 nm. The limit of detection (LOD) for Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate and Metformin hydrochloride was 0.2 and 0.06 μg mL−1, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate and Metformin hydrochloride was 0.7 and 0.2 μg mL−1, respectively. This method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and robustness. The method was also found to be stability-indicating

Performance and Total Tract Digestibility Responses of Probiotic, Xylanase and Phytase in the Diets of Grower Pigs

A basal diet was evaluated in 24 male pigs (15.8 kg ±1.07) divided into four groups at random which was fed to all the animals adlibitum. The experiment was carried out in two phases. In phase one, group one (T1) was the control without any feed additive, T1 was added (per quintal) with (g) 100, 120 & 80; 0.305, 0.366 & 0.244 and 12, 14.4 & 9.6 of probiotic (Sacchyromycescerevisiae), xylanase and phytase enzymes, to make T2, T3 and T4 diets, respectively. Initial, final and total weights (kg) in both the phases of the experiment were not significant. Number of days taken to reach the target weight (35 kg) was lower (P<0.05) in T3 and T2 for phases 1 and 2, respectively. Average daily feed intake (kg) and average daily gain (g) were lower and higher in T3 and T2 in phases 1 and 2, respectively and were not significant. The trend was similar for total feed intake (kg), feed conversion ratio and cost of feed per kg production (Rs). The total feed intake in phase one was lower (P<0.05) in T3 than others. The digestibility of organic matter, crude fibre, ether extract and nitrogen-free extract among groups were not significantly different, but the digestibility of crude fibre (CF) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) tended to be more in T3. Crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) digestibility were significantly higher (P<0.05) in T3. It was concluded that the synergism between xylanase, phytase and probiotic enhanced the performance of pigs with a considerable influence on age of the animals and production economy

Role of Herbal Residues in Pathogen Inhibition and VFA Production by in Vitro Studies in Pigs

A basal diet was added with six herbal residues viz- Bacopa monnieri Withania sominifera, Garcinia cambogia, Gingeber officinale, Emblica officinalis, Curcuma longa to make six dietary treatments (T1-T6),respectively to evaluate volatile fatty acid production and their ability to inhibit pathogen growth in a CRD model. It was observed that the lowest (

On the rare occurrence of Elagatis bipinnulata off Kakinada coast.

Elagatis bipinnulata commonly called rainbow runners of the family Carangidae is a fish species found usually at or near the surface over reefs or sometimes far offshore in the Indian waters. They are caught occasionaly by hooks and line and gill nets