527 research outputs found
Non-segmented negative sense RNA viruses as vectors for vaccine development
This article intends to cover two aspects of non-segmented negative sense RNA viruses. In the initial section, the strategy employed by these viruses to replicate their genomes is discussed. This would help in understanding the later section in which the use of these viruses as vaccine vectors has been discussed. For the description of the replication strategy which encompasses virus genome transcription and genome replication carried out by the same RNA dependent RNA polymerase complex, a member of the prototype rhabdovirus family-Chandipura virus has been chosen as an example to illustrate the complex nature of the two processes and their regulation. In the discussion on these viruses serving as vectors for carrying vaccine antigen genes, emphasis has been laid on describing the progress made in using the attenuated viruses as vectors and a description of the systems in which the efficiency of immune responses has been tested
Supersymmetric Electromagnetic Waves on Giants and Dual-Giants
We set up the BPS equations for a D3-brane moving in AdS_5 \times S^5 which
preserves two supercharges and with all bosonic fields turned on in the
world-volume theory. By solving these, we find generalizations of Mikhailov
giants and wobbling dual-giants that include electromagnetic waves propagating
on their world-volume. For these giants (dual-giants) we show that the BPS
field strength is the real part of the pull-back of a holomorphic 2-form in the
ambient space C^3 (C^{1,2}) onto the world-volume.Comment: 18 page
Finite-element heat-transfer computations for parallel surfaces with uniform or non-uniform emitting.
Radiation heat transfer has very many applications in building physics. In such studies, one has to deal with radiant energy exchanges between surfaces of different orientation and aspects. Two principal cases that may be cited here are exchanges between (i) surfaces that share a common edge and are at an angle to each other, and (ii) surfaces that are parallel to each other. Examples that may be cited here are walls of buildings and also ceiling and floor areas. In a previous work, the authors presented a generalised, numerical-oriented solution for analysing radiant exchange that belongs to case (i) cited above. In the present article, a generalised treatment for case (ii) is presented. A software tool is also provided for analysing the radiant exchange for surfaces that are parallel to each other and have uniform or non-uniform reflectivity, incident irradiation and/or emission. As a demonstration of the applicability of the present work, calculation of incident reflected irradiation on the walls of urban street canyons with varied orientation and non-uniform reflectivity is presented. Finally, the application of the presently developed tools for enhancing building design has been highlighted
Fusion Nuclear Data activities at FNL, IPR
This paper briefly describes the current fusion nuclear data activities at Fusion Neutronics Laboratory, Institute for Plasma Research. It consist of infrastructure development for the cross-section measurements of structural materials with an accelerator based 14 MeV neutron generator and theoretical study of the cross-section using advanced nuclear reaction modular codes EMPIRE and TALYS. It will also cover the proposed surrogate experiment to measure 55Fe (n, p) 55Mn using BARC-TIFR Pelletron facility at Mumbai
Preliminary investigations on the pit curing of fish in India
Among the methods adopted for the curing of fish in India the practice of
pit curing common in certain parts of the Madras State and the neighbouring
region of Travancore is of considerable interest for several reasons.
Broadly speaking the method consists in burying the fish after salting in
mat lined pits for varying periods ranging from a few days to a fortnight
or more before marketing in a partially dried condition without any further
washing or drying. The products possess a distinct flavour and taste much
appreciated by some sections of the public in the eastern parts of Madras
State. However the process is mainly adopted by private curers outside
the Government curing yards and the quality of the commercial samples
leaves much to be desired due to their unwholesome appearance and commonly
observed infestation with maggots (Krishna Pillai et ah, 1956). Since
pit curing forms one of the main methods of curing around Mandapam,
it was considered desirable to undertake a comprehensive investigation of
the local practices relating to this cure and the keeping quality of the products.
A knowledge of the biochemical changes occurring during maturation
under semi-anaerobic conditions which constitute the basis of this cure
is necessary for obtaining a better product by this method
Studies on the preservation of fish by pickling
Pickling with salt, vinegar, sugars and spices forms a traditional method
of food preservation and is also widely employed for fish curing. A great
variety of fishery products prepared with vinegar and spices enjoy wide
popularity in Germany and other north European countries. Pickling is
also practised in the East in countries like China, Japan and the Philippines
(Jarvis, 1950). Although pickled products are of a semi-perishable nature
since the concentrations of salt and vinegar employed are limited by considerations
of palatability, they possess a greater appeal to consumers than
salted and dried fish. Moreover these methods are better suited for curing
fatty fish which are susceptible to rancidity in other salting methods. Apart
from a few spiced and pickled products like PADDA and MOLLEI prepared
on a domestic scale from Seer fish, Colombo Cure of the West Coast forms
the chief commercial method in India which employs principles of pickling.
Mackerels, Seer and non-fatty sardines are treated by this process and Malpe
in South Kanara exports considerable quantities of Colombo cured fish to
Ceylon (Nicholson, 1930). Malabar tamarind or ' Goruka Puli', the dried
fleshy pod of Garcinia cambogea is used as an adjunct to salt in order to
obtain the desired acidity. Though Goruka Puli is specially brought from
Ceylon for this purpose, inferior varieties like ' Koda Puli' are also used
on a smaller scale. The objectives of the present investigation were to study
the chemical aspects of the pickling methods with a view to improve the
existing practices and to explore the possibilities for a wider application
of pickling methods to smaller varieties of fish like sardines which are mainly
sundried at present. Studies on the preparation of high quality spiced
and pickled products on the lines of foreign recipes like ' Marinated Herring
' and ' Russian Sardine' were also undertaken in an effort to develop
new products for our fishing industry
Open-String Actions and Noncommutativity Beyond the Large-B Limit
In the limit of large, constant B-field (the ``Seiberg-Witten limit''), the
derivative expansion for open-superstring effective actions is naturally
expressed in terms of the symmetric products *n. Here, we investigate
corrections around the large-B limit, for Chern-Simons couplings on the brane
and to quadratic order in gauge fields. We perform a boundary-state computation
in the commutative theory, and compare it with the corresponding computation on
the noncommutative side. These results are then used to examine the possible
role of Wilson lines beyond the Seiberg-Witten limit. To quadratic order in
fields, the entire tree-level amplitude is described by a metric-dependent
deformation of the *2 product, which can be interpreted in terms of a deformed
(non-associative) version of the Moyal * product.Comment: 30 pages, harvma
Studies on Neutron, Photon (Bremsstrahlung) and Proton Induced Fission of Actinides and Pre-Actinides
We present the yields of various fission products determined in the reactor neutron, 3.7-18.1 MeV quasi-mono energetic neutron, 8-80 MeV bremsstrahlung and 20-45 MeV proton induced fission of 232Th and 238u using radiochemical and off-line beta or gamma ray counting. The yields of the fission products in the bremsstrahlung induced fission natPb and 209Bi with 50-70 MeV and 2.5 GeV based on off-line gamma ray spectrometric technique were also presented. From the yields of fission products, the mass chains yields were obtained using charge distribution correction. From the mass yield distribution, the peak-to-valley (P/V) ratio was obtained. The role of excitation energy on the peak-to-valley ratio and fine structure such as effect of shell closure proximity and even-odd effect of mass yield distribution were examined. The higher yields of the fission products around A=133-134, 138-140 and 143-144 and their complementary products explained from the nuclear structure effect and role of standard I and II mode of asymmetric fission. In the neutron, photon (bremsstrahlung) and proton induced fission, the asymmetric mass distribution for actinides (Th, u) and symmetric distribution for pre-actinides (Pb, Bi) were explained from different type of potential fission barrier
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