A simple innovative Chennai handshake technique for reducing anterior dislocation of shoulder joint: a community study of 60 cases

Background: Anterior shoulder dislocation is one of the commonest dislocation of our body. We here by introduce a simple, safe, successful and easily reproducible “Chennai Handshake Technique” to relocate anterior dislocation of shoulder joint.Methods: This method was performed by a single surgeon on sixty cases (51 males, 9 females) of anterior shoulder dislocation with a mean age of 38 years (18 to 58 years) between 2008 to 2013 in tertiary care center. Among sixty patients, there were 12 cases (20%) of fresh dislocation and 48 cases (80%) of recurrent dislocation. It comprises of holding the hand in a classical double shake position and then giving a gentle longitudinal traction (stage I) followed with slow abduction and external rotation of arm (stage II), thus reducing the shoulder dislocation. Vertical oscillation may be a part of stage II in some cases before the external rotation.Results: The index time of patient presenting to the casualty ranged from one hour to 18hrs with a mean of 4.45 hrs. The reduction time ranged  from 1 to 16 min with a mean of  5.6 min. 17 dislocations (28.3%) were reduced  during stage I. 41 dislocations (68.3%) were reduced during stage II. 5 dislocations (12.1%) needed vertical oscillation during stage II. we failed in two cases (3.3%).Conclusions: No need of assistant, no need of anesthesia, no complications makes this technique, a more look back one

Face Recognition Using Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform

We propose a novel face recognition using Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT), which is used to extract features from face images. The Complex Wavelet Transform is a tool that uses a dual tree of wavelet filters to find the real and imaginary parts of complex wavelet coefficients. The DT-CWT is, however, less redundant and computationally efficient. CWT is a relatively recent enhancement to the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). We show that it is a well-suited basis for this problem as it is directionally selective, smoothly shift invariant, optimally decimated at coarse scales and invertible (no loss of information). Our face recognition scheme is fast because of the decimated nature of the DTCWT. Dual Tree methods are based on image at different resolution. Normalization is done to reduce dimensionality which will reduce memory problem and computation time. Here Principal Component Analysis which is a linear dimensionality reduction technique, that attempt to represent data in lower dimensions, is used to perform the face recognition. PCA is applied that deals with the decomposition of the training set into the Eigenvectors called Eigen faces. Various discrimination analyzes such as, Euclidean, L1, L2 and Cosine similarity are used for the recognition of face images.Botho Universit

Formulation of Sodium Alginate Nanospheres Containing Amphotericin B for the Treatment of Systemic Candidiasis

Purpose: The aim of this work was to formulate sodium alginate nanospheres of amphotericin B by controlled gellification method and to evaluate the role of the nanospheres as a "passive carrier" in targeted antifungal therapy. Methods: Sodium alginate nanospheres of amphotericin B were prepared by controlled gellification method, and the particle size analysis was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. The carrier capacity of sodium alginate was evaluated in terms of drug to polymer ratio. In vitro release study was carried out on all drug loaded nanospheres by the dialysis method. Release kinetics of drug from different drug loaded nanospheres was also determined. The in vivo antifungal efficacy of nanospheres bound drug vis-à-vis the free drug was evaluated in candidiasis- induced mice models. Results: Preparation of nanospheres through controlled gellification method yielded particles with a size range of 419.6 ± 0.28 nm. Studies on drug to polymer ratio showed a linear relationship between concentration of drug and drug loading capacity. In vitro release kinetic study revealed that the release of drug from the nanospheres followed Fickian diffusion. In vivo studies showed that the nanospherebound drug produced a higher antifungal efficacy than the free drug. Conclusion: The formulated sodium alginate nanospheres containing amphotericin B was found to have better antifungal activity when compared to the free drug and also yielded sustained in vitro release

Identification of microsatellite markers linked to drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through bulked line analysis

Identification of donor parents and markers for traits conferring drought tolerance eventually hastens the breeding for drought tolerance in rice. The extent of variation for water stress indicators, physio-morphological and plant production traits were assessed by evaluating 36 rice genotypes under water stress condition. Significant variation was observed for these traits and thirteen drought tolerant and susceptible genotypes were selected and grouped as tolerant and susceptible bulks based on physio-morphological and biochemical characterization. Genomic DNA was isolated from these rice accessions and pooled, respectively into drought tolerant and susceptible bulks. Bulked line analysis was carried to identify microsatellite markers linked to drought tolerance in rice. Out of 200 SSR primers screened RM 1092; RM 129 and RM157B were polymorphic between the bulks and also co-segregated among the individual genotypes constituting the respective bulks. The genomic regions flanked by these markers have been identified to be associated with various drought tolerance traits in rice and can be useful for marker assisted selection for drought resistance improvement in rice. The genotypes identified as drought tolerant can be used us donars in drought improvement breeding programmes

Software-Defined Networking: An Evolving Network Architecture—Programmability and Security Perspective

Software-defined networking is an evolving network architecture beheading the traditional network architecture focusing its disadvantages in a limited perspective. A couple of decades before, programming and networking were viewed as different domains which today with the lights of SDN bridging themselves together. This is to overcome the existing challenges faced by the networking domain and an attempt to propose cost-efficient effective and feasible solutions. Changes to the existing network architecture are inevitable considering the volume of connected devices and the data being held together. SDN introduces a decoupled architecture and brings customization within the network making it easy to configure, manage, and troubleshoot. This paper focuses on the evolving network architecture, the software-defined networking. Unlike a generic view on the evolving network, which makes work as a review, this work addresses various perspectives of the architecture leaving it an intermediate work in between the review of the literature and implementation, contributing towards factors like the design, programmability, security, security behaviors, and security lapses. This paper also analyses various weak points of the architecture and evolves the attack vectors in each plane leaving a conclusion to further progress towards identifying the impacts of the attacks and proposing mitigation strategies

Phenanthroimidazole Derivative as an Easily Accessible Emitter for Non-Doped Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

We report a versatile approach to harvest electroluminescence from a nondoped light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) using an easily accessible phenanthroimidazole derivative. The authors investigated two different types, (i) ionic and (ii) neutral phenanthroimidazole derivatives by modifying our previously reported LEC emitter. Sky-blue electroluminescence was achieved by applying these modified emitter in LEC devices. In comparison to the parent molecule, a highly contrasting performance was exhibited by all the modified emitters except the neutral butyl derivative (nbpypn). By employing an ionic molecule (ihpypn) in a fully solution-processed typical LEC device structure, a peak brightness of 711 cd/m² was observed at a current efficiency of 0.18 cd/A. Our champion device (ihpypn-LEC) presented a 5-fold increase in maximum brightness at a ten times higher current density than its parent molecule. These peak brightness values are among the best comparing to those reported for LECs with the corresponding emission colors. Even though the neutral molecules did not show any high electroluminescence, their current efficiency at maximum brightness has improved 20 times when compared to its parent molecule utilized device. The study reveals that substituents on imidazole nitrogen has a critical impact on its performance in the LEC devices. This result is even more encouraging, considering that our molecular design can be applied to the majority of the imidazole derivatives and may open-up a plausible way of enriching the library of emitters for LECs with efficient and easily obtainable small organic molecules

Green Electroluminescence from Charged Phenothiazine Derivative

A novel charged green-emitting organic small molecule, PPP, was synthesized and characterized by thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescence investigations. The theoretical properties of PPP were confirmed by means of computational studies. PPP exhibits a good thermal decomposition temperature of 355 °C. The compound PPP shows positive solvatochromism upon increasing the solvent polarity due to the more polarized excited state arising from the intramolecular charge transfer in the excited state. Solid-state emission of PPP was slightly red-shifted compared to that of its solution emission spectrum, showing the reduced intermolecular interaction in the solid state. Solution-processed LEC devices were fabricated using PPP as a neat light-emitting layer. The fabricated single-component light-emitting electrochemical cell devices exhibited green electroluminescence centered at 530 nm with the CIE coordinates of (0.32, 0.58). Electroluminescent devices operated at very low turn-on voltages reveal a maximum luminance of 499 cd/m². These promising results are highly desirable for the development of low-cost lighting devices