The Theory of Tamil God Murugan

Murugu means beauty. If the beauty means Lord Muruga, he is the lord. Since Lord Muruga is the god of Tamils, murugan is called tamil god. Let us look at the principles of the great Tamil god Murugan. The principle of Lord Muruga is morality, charity should remain in this world. In this article, one can learn that to attain salvation, one should worship Lord Muruga and follow his righteous ness and attain salvation

Gapless points of dimerized quantum spin chains: analytical and numerical studies

We study the locations of the gapless points which occur for quantum spin chains of finite length (with a twisted boundary condition) at particular values of the nearest neighbor dimerization, as a function of the spin S and the number of sites. For strong dimerization and large values of S, a tunneling calculation reproduces the same results as those obtained from more involved field theoretic methods using the non-linear sigma-model approach. A different analytical calculation of the matrix element between the two Neel states gives a set of gapless points; for strong dimerization, these differ significantly from the tunneling values. Finally, the exact diagonalization method for a finite number of sites yields a set of gapless points which are in good agreement with the Neel state calculations for all values of the dimerization, but the agreement with the tunneling values is not very good even for large S. This raises questions about possible corrections to the tunneling results.Comment: Revtex4, 10 pages including 5 figure

Intra thyroid thyroglossal cyst: a rare presentation

Thyroglossal duct cyst is a congenital malformation occurring due to incomplete closure of the thyroglossal duct. The infrequency with which it is encountered in thyroid makes it a formidable diagnostic challenge. Authors report this case because of the rarity of intrathyroid location of thyroglossal cyst.

Studies on heterotrophic bacteria in the mangrove ecosystem near Cochin.

Mangroves are typical coastal vegetation of tropical and subtropical areas with a characteristic assemblage of varied fauna! communities drawn from the adjoining marine, estuarine and terrestrial habitats. The importance of mangrove ecosystem to coastal aquaculture and fisheries is fast gaining momentum as it has created a growing awareness among the scientific community throughout the world to study their ecological significance and benefits to mankind

HORTICULTURAL SECTOR IN INDIA: RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT

ABSTRACT Horticulture has become a key driver for economic development in many of the states in the country and it contributes 30.4 per cent to GDP of agriculture. Horticultural crops play a unique role in India's economy by improving the income of the rural people. Cultivation of these crops is labour intensive and as such they generate lot of employment opportunities for the rural population. Fruits and vegetables are rich source of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and carbohydrates etc. which are essential in human nutrition. Thus, cultivation of horticultural crops plays a vital role in the prosperity of a nation and is directly linked with the health and happiness of the people. Globally, India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables. It is the largest producer of mango, banana, coconut, cashew, papaya, pomegranate etc., in the world and the largest producer and exporter of spices. It ranks first in productivity of grapes, banana, cassava, peas, papaya etc., and the export growth of fresh fruits and vegetables in term of value is 13 per cent and of processed fruits and vegetables is 17.42 per cent in 2011-12. The focused attention on horticulture has paid dividend and resulted in increased production and export. The production of horticultural produce has increased 7-fold which ensured nutritional security and employment opportunities in the country

Course Manual - National Workshop on Effective Management of E-Resources in Research Libraries

The National Workshop on “Effective Management of EResources in Research Libraries" is the first of its kind organised by the Library & Documentation Centre of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi. Periodic trainings on newer technologies developed in the field of Library & Information Sciences help library professionals to enhance their professional competencies that will contribute largely to the output of the parent organization. Digital repositories are the need of the hour where the Institute can showcase the research findings. ICAR-CMFRI is a pioneer in developing Institute repository and the open access repository of the Institute "eprints@cmfri" now stands 1st among ICAR Institute repositories, 3rd among Indian repositories and 343rd among the world repositories. Topics of current relevance towards development and modernisation of research libraries are included in the Workshop which is expected to help the participants to understand the possibilities and ways of supporting the research activities of the parent Institution more effectively

Safety Guidelines for Drivers of CMFRI സി.എം.എഫ്.ആർ.ഐ. ഡ്രൈവർമാർക്കുള്ള സുരക്ഷാ മാർഗ്ഗനിർദ്ദേശങ്ങൾ

Safety Guidelines for Drivers of CMFRI സി.എം.എഫ്.ആർ.ഐ. ഡ്രൈവർമാർക്കുള്ള സുരക്ഷാ മാർഗ്ഗനിർദ്ദേശങ്ങ

GENETIC INVOLVEMENT OF INTERLEUKIN 4 FOR ASTHMA AND IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL PHYTOCHEMICAL SCAFFOLD THROUGH MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES

Objective: Interleukin 4, an important cytokine, has the major role in the immunomodulatory responses associated with asthma. The present study focused on the involvement of single nucleotide polymorphism variation (SNP) of interleukin 4 (IL4) in the development of disease, asthma and designing small molecules for the inhibition of IL4 through in silico strategy.Methods: Identification of disease causing SNP will be a wise approach towards the phenotype specific treatment. A human origin deleterious no synonymous SNP of IL4 were found out in the chromosome region 5q31-q33 (rs199929962) (T/C). Proteins of the corresponding nucleotide variation were identified and were subjected to characterization studies for selecting the most appropriate one for further mutational analysis and molecular docking studies.Results: Influence of microbes on SNP variation of IL4 gene leading to asthma was found to be insignificant by metagenomic studies. Gene responsive drugs were identified through environmental factor analysis. The drug candidates including corticosteroids were subjected to protein interaction studies by in silico means. The pharmacophoric feature derived from drug receptor interaction was utilized for virtual screening on a dataset of anti-inflammatory phytomolecules. The scaffolds of ellagic acid and quercetin were identified as potential nonsteroidal entities which can shield the asthmatic activities.Conclusion: Developing small molecules using these scaffolds taking interleukin 4 as a target will be an adequate solution for steroid resistant asthma

Cost of Ending Hunger – Consequences of Complacency, and Financial Needs for SDG2 Achievement

This study follows from an earlier assessment carried out by ZEF and FAO in 2020, which identified policy actions and investments needed to achieve SDG2 by 2030. The 2020 study used a marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) to identify a mix of best least-cost investment options with the highest potential for reduction in hunger and malnutrition over the decade of 2020 to 2030. In light of recent developments in food insecurity and related drivers, such as inflation and changed contexts, this study now recalculates the investment needs and reevaluates priority interventions to achieve the ambitious target of Zero Hunger. Two different analyses are provided: • “Urgency for 2030” – actions with short-term impactful investments: The study presents a short-term focused Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC) analysis, identifying interventions that can be feasibly invested in to achieve significant hunger reduction by 2030, i.e. mostly transfers. • “Realism with urgency” – investing for ending hunger by 2040 without further delay: The need to prioritize interventions with sustained longer-term impacts jointly with the short-term actions are identified, i.e. a MACC analysis that also considers investments requiring more time to take effect beyond 2030. Most of these interventions interact and complement each other. In order to gain an additional perspective, we use the MIRAGRODEP model to simulate the cost consequences of “lost years”

Private service provision contributes to widespread innovation adoption among smallholder farmers : Laser land levelling technology in northwestern India

This study investigates key institutional factors promoting the adoption of laser land levelling (LLL), a technology that has gained wide popularity among farmers in northwestern India despite being indivisible. The main objective is to evaluate the role of service providers, offering LLL on a rental basis to farmers, for technology dissemination among smallholders with fragmented plots. Plot-level data from 1,661 households across 84 villages in Punjab and western Uttar Pradesh in India were collected and used to analyse farmers’ LLL technology perceptions and adoption decisions. Regression models were developed to estimate the role of local service provision for LLL adoption while controlling for farm, household, and other contextual variables. The analysis pays particular attention to the heterogeneous effects of service provision on farmers with different farm and plot sizes. The data and estimates reveal that local access to a larger number of service providers is associated with higher rates of LLL adoption among farmers. The effect of service providers on adoption varies by farm and plot size: it is larger on smaller farms/plots. The findings suggest that a conducive institutional environment that accommodates the specific needs of different farm sizes can speed up innovation adoption. This finding makes a case for re-evaluating traditional agricultural technology scaling models to include individual service provision for broader and more inclusive adoption