68 research outputs found
Sterodin®, novi imunostimulator: neka toksikološka i farmakološka vrednovanja in vivo i interakcija lijek-lipid in vitro
Sterodin is a novel non-specific immunostimulating drug produced by combination of bile lipids and bacterial metabolites. In the present study, we investigated some of its (i) toxicological and (ii) pharmacological properties in vivo, and (iii) drug-lipid interaction (lipid peroxidation) in vitro. We also evaluated the possible (iv) Sterodin-induced lipid peroxidation as well as the effect of ascorbic acid on this peroxidation. We found LD50 of Sterodin to be 31.50 mL kg-1 body mass. In male albino mice, Sterodin increased the total white blood cells and neutrophils count by 59 and 26 %, respectively, on the 6th day compared to day 0 after injection and stimulated phagocytic activity in vivo. We used goat liver as lipid source in drug-lipid interaction studies in vitro. Our experiments show that Sterodin induces lipid peroxidation, which was prevented by ascorbic acidSterodin® je novi nespecifični imunostimulator koji sadrži žučne lipide i bakterijske metabolite. U radu su opisana neka njegova toksikološka i farmakološka svojstva in vivo, te interakcija lijek-lipid in vitro. Nadalje, proučavana je moguća peroksidacija lipida inducirana Sterodinom® te učinak askorbinske kiseline na tu peroksidaciju. LD50 Sterodina bio je 0,63 mL u mužjacima albino miševa mase 20 g (31,50 mL kg-1 tjelesne mase). U istim životinjama Sterodin® je povećao ukupan broj leukocita i neutrofila (59 odnosno 26 % mjereno 6 dana nakon injekcije Sterodina®) i stimulirao aktivnost fagocita in vivo. U ispitivanjima interakcije lijek-lipid in vitro korištena je jetra koze kao izvor lipida. Rezultati ukazuju da Sterodin® inducira peroksidaciju lipida, koja se može spriječiti askorbinskom kiselinom
Glutamic acid as anticancer agent: An overview
AbstractThe objective of the article is to highlight various roles of glutamic acid like endogenic anticancer agent, conjugates to anticancer agents, and derivatives of glutamic acid as possible anticancer agents. Besides these emphases are given especially for two endogenous derivatives of glutamic acid such as glutamine and glutamate. Glutamine is a derivative of glutamic acid and is formed in the body from glutamic acid and ammonia in an energy requiring reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthase. It also possesses anticancer activity. So the transportation and metabolism of glutamine are also discussed for better understanding the role of glutamic acid. Glutamates are the carboxylate anions and salts of glutamic acid. Here the roles of various enzymes required for the metabolism of glutamates are also discussed
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Strength of Gamma Rhythm Depends on Normalization
Neuronal assemblies often exhibit stimulus-induced rhythmic activity in the gamma range (30–80 Hz), whose magnitude depends on the attentional load. This has led to the suggestion that gamma rhythms form dynamic communication channels across cortical areas processing the features of behaviorally relevant stimuli. Recently, attention has been linked to a normalization mechanism, in which the response of a neuron is suppressed (normalized) by the overall activity of a large pool of neighboring neurons. In this model, attention increases the excitatory drive received by the neuron, which in turn also increases the strength of normalization, thereby changing the balance of excitation and inhibition. Recent studies have shown that gamma power also depends on such excitatory–inhibitory interactions. Could modulation in gamma power during an attention task be a reflection of the changes in the underlying excitation–inhibition interactions? By manipulating the normalization strength independent of attentional load in macaque monkeys, we show that gamma power increases with increasing normalization, even when the attentional load is fixed. Further, manipulations of attention that increase normalization increase gamma power, even when they decrease the firing rate. Thus, gamma rhythms could be a reflection of changes in the relative strengths of excitation and normalization rather than playing a functional role in communication or control
Stochastic Resonance in Underdamped, Bistable Systems
We carry out a detailed numerical investigation of stochastic resonance in
underdamped systems in the non-perturbative regime. We point out that an
important distinction between stochastic resonance in overdamped and
underdamped systems lies in the lack of dependence of the amplitude of the
noise-averaged trajectory on the noise strength, in the latter case. We provide
qualitative explanations for the observed behavior and show that signatures
such as the initial decay and long-time oscillatory behaviour of the temporal
correlation function and peaks in the noise and phase averaged power spectral
density, clearly indicate the manifestation of resonant behaviour in noisy,
underdamped bistable systems in the weak to moderate noise regime.Comment: Revtex; (10+8)pp including 8 figure
Design, docking, synthesis and anticancer activity of some novel 2-(4-methylbenzenesulphonamido)pentanedioic acid amide derivatives
In the present work few novel 2-(4-methylbenzenesulphonamido)pentanedioic acid amide derivatives and the basic compound 2-(4-methylphenylsulfon-amido)pentanedioic acid have been designed, synthesized, characterized and screened for their possible antineoplastic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The modified drugs were docked against the protein histone deacetylase the energy value obtained was o-iodoanilide (-10.370504) and m-iodoanilide (-10.218276) of the titled compound. The in vitro activity was performed against five human cell lines like human breast cancer (MCF-7), leukemia (K-562), ova-rian cancer (OVACAR-3), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and Human kidney carcinoma (A-498). The in vivo activity was performed in female Swiss albino mice against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC). Among the synthesized compounds, o-iodoanilide, m-iodoanilide and p-iodoanilide derivatives of 2-(4-methyl benzene sulphonyl)-pentanedioic acid amides showed encouraging activity in both the in vitro and in vivo compared to other compounds
Resonant Production of Topological Defects
We describe a novel phenomenon in which vortices are produced due to resonant
oscillations of a scalar field which is driven by a periodically varying
temperature T, with T remaining much below the critical temperature .
Also, in a rapid heating of a localized region to a temperature {\it below}
, far separated vortex and antivortex can form. We compare our results
with recent models of defect production during reheating after inflation. We
also discuss possible experimental tests of our predictions of topological
defect production {\it without} ever going through a phase transition.Comment: Revtex, 13 pages including 5 postscript figure
Forming a Single, Large, DCC Domain in a Heavy-Ion Collision
We demonstrate the possibility of forming a single, large domain of
disoriented chiral condensate (DCC) in a heavy-ion collision. In our scenario,
rapid initial heating of the parton system provides a driving force for the
chiral field, moving it away from the true vacuum and forcing it to go to the
opposite point on the vacuum manifold. This converts the entire hot region into
a single DCC domain. Subsequent rolling down of the chiral field to its true
vacuum will then lead to emission of a large number of (approximately) coherent
pions. The requirement of suppression of thermal fluctuations to maintain the
(approximate) coherence of such a large DCC domain, favors three dimensional
expansion of the plasma over the longitudinal expansion even at very early
stages of evolution. This also constrains the maximum temperature of the system
to lie within a window. We roughly estimate this window to be about 200 - 400
MeV. These results lead us to predict that extremely high energy collisions of
{\it very small nuclei} (possibly hadrons) are better suited for observing
signatures of a large DCC. Another possibility is to focus on {\it peripheral}
collisions of heavy nuclei.Comment: RevTex, 22 pages, including 5 figures. Considerably expanded version
with results of improved numerical calculation
Stochastic Production Of Kink-Antikink Pairs In The Presence Of An Oscillating Background
We numerically investigate the production of kink-antikink pairs in a
dimensional field theory subject to white noise and periodic driving.
The twin effects of noise and periodic driving acting in conjunction lead to
considerable enhancement in the kink density compared to the thermal
equilibrium value, for low dissipation coefficients and for a specific range of
frequencies of the oscillating background. The dependence of the kink-density
on the temperature of the heat bath, the amplitude of the oscillating
background and value of the dissipation coefficient is also investigated. An
interesting feature of our result is that kink-antikink production occurs even
though the system always remains in the broken symmetry phase.Comment: Revtex, 21 pages including 7 figures; more references adde
Nonequilibrium Evolution of Correlation Functions: A Canonical Approach
We study nonequilibrium evolution in a self-interacting quantum field theory
invariant under space translation only by using a canonical approach based on
the recently developed Liouville-von Neumann formalism. The method is first
used to obtain the correlation functions both in and beyond the Hartree
approximation, for the quantum mechanical analog of the model. The
technique involves representing the Hamiltonian in a Fock basis of annihilation
and creation operators. By separating it into a solvable Gaussian part
involving quadratic terms and a perturbation of quartic terms, it is possible
to find the improved vacuum state to any desired order. The correlation
functions for the field theory are then investigated in the Hartree
approximation and those beyond the Hartree approximation are obtained by
finding the improved vacuum state corrected up to . These
correlation functions take into account next-to-leading and
next-to-next-to-leading order effects in the coupling constant. We also use the
Heisenberg formalism to obtain the time evolution equations for the equal-time,
connected correlation functions beyond the leading order. These equations are
derived by including the connected 4-point functions in the hierarchy. The
resulting coupled set of equations form a part of infinite hierarchy of coupled
equations relating the various connected n-point functions. The connection with
other approaches based on the path integral formalism is established and the
physical implications of the set of equations are discussed with particular
emphasis on thermalization.Comment: Revtex, 32 pages; substantial new material dealing with
non-equilibrium evolution beyond Hartree approx. based on the LvN formalism,
has been adde
Different Origins of Gamma Rhythm and High-Gamma Activity in Macaque Visual Cortex
High-gamma (80–200 Hz) activity can be dissociated from gamma rhythms in
the monkey cortex, and appears largely to reflect spiking activity in the
vicinity of the electrode
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