Biointensive integrated management of Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Brassica spp.

Field experiment was conducted at Regional Research station, Samargopalpur, Rohtak (Haryana) during Rabi season of the year 2015-2016 to evaluate bioefficacy of various treatments against mustard aphid, Lipaphis-erysimi on Indian mustard. Treatments were: T1–Verticillium lecanii @ 108 CS/ml, T2–Beauveria bassiana @ 108 CS/ml, T3 - Neem seed kernel extract @ 5%, T4 - Neem seed methanol extract @ 5%, T5 - V. lecanii @ 108 CS/ml + Clipping of infested twigs, T6 - B. bassiana @ 108 CS/ml + Clipping of infested twigs, T7 - NSKE @ 5% + Clipping of infested twigs, T8 - V. lecanii @ 108 CS/ml + NSKE @ 5%, T9 - B. bassiana @ 108 CS/ml + NSKE @ 5%, T10 - Dime-thoate 30EC @ 250 ml/acre. Dimethoate was found to be most effective in reducing the aphid population (95.03 %) followed by V. lecanii @ 108 CS/ml + NSKE @ 5% (88.52 %), NSKE @ 5% + Clipping of infested twigs (87.77 %) and B. bassiana @ 108 CS/ml + NSKE @5% (86.91 %) after ten days of spray. The highest seed yield was recorded in treatment dimethoate 30EC (1702 kg/ha) followed by V.lecanii @ 108 CS/ml +NSKE @ 5% (1635 kg/ha), NSKE @ 5% + Clipping of infested twigs (1626 kg/ha) and B.bassiana @ 108 CS/ml + NSKE @ 5% (1617 kg/ha). Dimethoate was found to be highly cost effective with highest cost benefit ratio (1:14.92) followed by NSKE @ 5% + clipping of infested twigs (1:13.81) and NSKE @ 5% (1:11.41)

Parents Attitude to Inclusion of Visually Handicapped Children

Visual impairment or low vision is a severe reduction in vision that cannot be corrected with standard glasses or contact lenses and reduces a person’s ability to function at certain or all tasks. Children who are visually impaired must rely upon their remaining senses for gaining knowledge of the world around them. Lack of sight has a major influence on gaining actual knowledge of objection world, which can then be had by touch experience only. The lack of sight causes a detachment from the physical and to some extent from the social environment. Attitude is a vital ingredient for the success or failure of children with visual impairment in their optimum development. parents as educational decision makers; parents as parents; parents as teachers and parents as advocates. Since the parent's attitude is so important, it is essential that the home and school work closely together, especially for children with disabilities. The study was conducted in Lucknow city by selecting the total 60 parents the data was coded, tabulated and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVE to find differences Parents attitude to inclusion  of visually handicapped children . Study Period was 2014 – 2015.This research presents the current status of inclusive education in India with a focus on children with visual impairment in Lucknow. From the findings of the study it can be concluded that the non significant was found Parents attitude to inclusion of visually handicapped children in Lucknow city. Key Words: Parents attitude, inclusion, visually Handicapped Childre

Bio-intensive integrated management strategy for mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Among the various treatments evaluated for their bio-efficacy against mustard aphid on Indian mustard during 2011-12 and 2012-13 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, the spray of Dimethoate 30 EC @ 1 ml/l followed by Verticillium lecanii @ 108 CS/ml was proved to be the best treatment with pooled mean aphid population of 4.5, 3.25 and 1.65 aphids/plant as against 22.0, 24.0 and 26.0 aphids/plant in the control after 3, 7 and 10 days of treatment, respectively. The pooled mean seed yield was also maximum (1485.0 kg/ha) in this treatment as compared to control (1305.0 kg/ha).The treatment was found on par with spray of dimethoate @ 1 ml/l followed by Coccinella septempunctata @ 5,000 beetles/ha with pooled mean aphid population of 5.0, 4.0 and 2.0 aphids/plant after 3, 7 and 10 days of treatment, respectively and pooled mean seed yield of (1470.0 kg/ha). But the cost benefit ratio was maximum (7.25) in treatment dimethoate followed by C. septempunctata and NSKE @ 5% followed by C. septempunctata @ 5,000 beetles/ha (6.68). Thus, entomopathogenic fungi like V. lecanii or NSKE along with release of C. septempunctata can be used as alternative measure to manage mustard aphid instead of solely relying on insecticides

A Critical Study Of Right To Equality Under Indian Constitution With Judicial Decision

For writing this research paper null hypothecation are taken and critical approach and study done. In this present scenario Right to Equality under Indian Constitution are given Art. 14 to 18.Every person is equal under Indian Constitution and he should be treated equally and non-discrimination on the basis of religion, caste, race, place of birth. But state government can make special provision for women and children, scheduled caste, scheduled tribes and backward classes. In Indian constitution there is some provision for upliftment for Scheduled tribe, scheduled caste, backward classes, women and children so there is flexibility in Right to Equality provision. This is very important articles of Indian Constitution

Effectiveness of different plant extracts against Galleria mellonella larvae in laboratory

The present investigation was undertaken to study the effectiveness of different plant extracts against Galleria mellonella larvae in laboratory. Acetone prepared extracts of leaves, stem, seed, root, husk of thirteen medicinal and healthy plants were used to examine their effects on the mortality of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella larvae in laboratory.  Results revealed that only six plant extracts prepared with leaves and stem cause mortality of wax moth. Larval mortality was highest (93.33%) with husk prepared extract of P. psyllium followed by leaf prepared extract of H. sativum (80%), Raphanus sativus (73.33%), Linum usitatissimum (66.66%) Cucurbita moschata (46.66%) and Vicia sativa (46.66%). The larval mortality with stem/root/seed prepared extract was recorded highest in Hordeum sativum (73.33%) followed by Raphanus sativus (80%), Cucurbita moschata (60%)  Linum usitatissimum (53.33%) and Vicia sativa (40%) and found significant difference with the control (0.00%). There was no mortality of larvae was found in control and other remaining plant extract. Irrespective of the different plants, highest per cent mortality (52.22%) of wax moth larvae by stem/seed/ root prepared extract followed by leaf extract (48.66). Therefore, the plant extract of different plants were found effective against Galleria mellonella larvae

A toxicological review of Dhatura

Dhatura is mentioned under the group of Sthavara Vanaspatic Visha, in different Ayurvedic text books it is also referred as deliriant poison. Dhatura is a genus of nine species of flowering plants which are poisonous in nature. On scrutinizing, the seeds and flowers of Dhatura plant contain alkaloids such as Scopolamine, Hyoscyamine and atropine which are highly toxic but found therapeutically essential as well. The poisonous substance (alkaloids) possess anticholinergic effects such as tachycardia, hyperthermia, mydriases etc., which can be resolve by administration of physostigmine as an antidote. Medico legally it has been found that the drug is being used as stupefying agent mixed in Prasad by the robbers for robbery, kidnapping, and also as homicidal as well as suicidal

Role of Magnesium Supplementation in Children with West Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract Objectives West syndrome is a severe epileptic encephalopathy of young age. It is characterized by a clinico-electrical triad of infantile epileptic spasms, regression or arrest of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia. In the last two decades, the large progress in the development of newer antiepileptic drugs has allowed us to have a vast choice of treatment options to control spasms, although they often fail to do so. Thus, there is a need to explore other treatment options. Materials & Methods Subjects in this open-labelled randomized control trial were included newly diagnosed children of age between 3 months and 5 years of both genders. A total of 52 children were recruited and randomized into two groups: an intervention group (n=30) and a non-intervention group (n=22). Magnesium sulphate was provided for the intervention group but not for the non-intervention one. Both groups received the rest of the treatments, including adrenocorticotropic hormone and antiepileptic drugs. The follow-up period was three months, at the end of which a per-protocol analysis was performed. Results There was no significant difference in seizure control and neurodevelopmental outcome between both groups, but electroencephalogram significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control. Also, the clinical response was better in patients with normal initial serum magnesium levels in the intervention group (p=0.003) than in other patients. Conclusion Magnesium supplementation may be helpful in children with West syndrom

Case Study: Unlocking resemblance between tuberculosis and cancer

Tuberculosis (TB) has often been found to mimic malignancy in clinical and radiological features, and therefore it is well known as a diagnostic chameleon. Although the differences between pulmonary TB and lung cancer have been highlighted by several reports, TB often gets misdiagnosed as lung cancer and vice versa. It is therefore vital to discern the imaging results specific to pulmonary TB and its diverse forms to distinguish it from lung cancer. In the present study, a 72-year old female (HIV-negative, non-smoker), complaining of persistent cough, low chest pain, pain around kidneys and significant weight loss up to 8 kg in 4 months, was advised to undergo X-ray examination along with CT scan. The CT scan results showed manifestation of ill-defined lesions along the right main bronchus with partial atelectasis and multiple scattered centrilobular nodules in the right upper lobe. There was also a well-defined lesion at the left adrenal gland. Also, several sub-centimetre mediastinal nodes were found. The preliminary assessment by the doctor indicated lung cancer, and therefore PET scan was advised for further confirmation, also to detect any metastasis of malignancy if lung cancer is confirmed. PET scan results ruled out lung cancer; afterwards, the TB test (AFB smear) was recommended by the doctor. The final reports of the test results confirmed tuberculosis. However, this is not the only case where tuberculosis has been found to mimic lung cancer; there have been several case studies reporting misdiagnosis of TB. A correct diagnosis could only be achieved through high-imaging techniques or invasive examination. The present case expanded the clinical knowledge in the diagnosis of TB and also invigorated clinicians to consider pulmonary TB in the differential diagnosis and treatment. The study also accentuates the importance of 18FFDG-PET to differentiate TB from lung cancer

Primary ovarian pregnancy a rare clinical entity: a case report

Ovarian pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. It constitutes <3% of all ectopic pregnancies with an incidence ranging from 1:6000 to 1:40000 pregnancies. There has been an increase in the incidence of ovarian pregnancies due to better diagnostic modalities such as transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) and serum beta-HCG estimation. Though it is usually misdiagnosed as ruptured tubal pregnancy, ruptured haemorrhagic cyst, ruptured corpus luteal cyst, therefore, awareness of this rare condition is important in reducing the associated risk. Hence, we report a case with ectopic ovarian pregnancy managed by conservative surgery at MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala. Ovarian ectopic pregnancy can be managed by conservative surgeries

Factors associated with unmet need of family planning in Bihar, India: a spatial and multilevel analysis

Background: Many women in low and middle-income countries would like to limit or delay their pregnancy, but they do not enough access to consistent use of modern contraceptive methods. The concept of unmet need for family planning is focus to reproductive health policies, as it endures serious implications for the women, the child, family and the whole society. The aims of the study are to assess the spatial dimensions of extent of unmet need for family planning and also identify association between individual, household, community and district level covariates with the level of unmet need for family planning among married women of reproductive age group in Bihar, India.Methods: The study uses data from fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4). To meet the objective the analysis included descriptive, spatial visualization, spatial autocorrelation and multilevel logistic model. In the first step of analysis the multivariate analysis was used to know the levels of unmet need for family planning by selected background characteristics.Results: This study indicating that nearly one in five or more women experiences unmet need for family planning suggests that the problem remains of considerable magnitude and that action is needed to fill the gap in contraceptive use, which is currently estimated at a lowest 24 percent. Apart from providing a current estimate of unmet need, our study identified a number of relevant socioeconomic and demographic factors likely to shape the probability that a women experiences unmet need. It is observed across individual level, community/psu level and district level.Conclusions: Considering this fact, family planning program in Bihar should also focus on eliminating misconceptions and fear about contraception through proper counselling of couples and information, education and communication activities in the community and try to improve the quality of advice and care services related to family planning