Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in some endemically afflicted villages of district Doda, Jammu and Kashmir, India

A cross-sectional study was conducted among the residents of three villages of Doda district, J&K. A total of 391 individuals (202 males and 189 females) were examined from 60 households by house to house survey for recording the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis by using Dean’s Index (1942) along with WHO health assessment form (1997b) and Community fluorosis Index. Of the total studied population 299 (76.47%) have found to be affected with various grades of dental fluorosis with moderate (33.5%) level of fluorosis to be the most frequent category observed. Prevalence of dental fluorosis was more in males (86.61%) than females (63.49%). No significant relation (P>0.05) between prevalence of dental fluorosis to the socioeconomic status was found. Community fluorosis Index was found to be 2.05 which denotes “marked” category of public health significance. High prevalence and high community fluorosis Index suggest that fluorosis is a major public health problem in the area

Impedance-Based Miniaturized Biosensor for Ultrasensitive and Fast Prostate-Specific Antigen Detection

This paper reports the successful fabrication of an impedance-based miniaturized biosensor and its application for ultrasensitive Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) detection in standard and real human plasma solution, spiked with different PSA concentrations. The sensor was fabricated using photolithographic techniques, while monoclonal antibodies specific to human PSA were used as primary capture antibodies. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed as a detection technique. The sensor exhibited a detection limit of 1 pg/ml for PSA with minimal nonspecific binding (NSB). This detection limit is an order of magnitude lower than commercial PSA ELISA assays available on the market. The sensor can be easily modified into an array for the detection of other biomolecules of interest, enabling accurate, ultrasensitive, and inexpensive point-of-care sensing technologies

Recent Advances in Enhancement Strategies for Electrochemical ELISA-Based Immunoassays for Cancer Biomarker Detection

Electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based immunoassays for cancer biomarker detection have recently attracted much interest owing to their higher sensitivity, amplification of signal, ease of handling, potential for automation and combination with miniaturized analytical systems, low cost and comparative simplicity for mass production. Their developments have considerably improved the sensitivity required for detection of low concentrations of cancer biomarkers present in bodily fluids in the early stages of the disease. Recently, various attempts have been made in their development and several methods and processes have been described for their development, amplification strategies and testing. The present review mainly focuses on the development of ELISA-based electrochemical immunosensors that may be utilized for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring. Various fabrication methods and signal enhancement strategies utilized during the last few years for the development of ELISA-based electrochemical immunosensors are described

Epitope Based Vaccine Designing- A mini review

A vaccine is an antigen derived from pathogen. In its crudest form vaccine contains either attenuated pathogen, or an antigen molecule as in case of subunit vaccine,&nbsp; yet what interacts with immune system are few amino acids in the form of epitopes [1]. The idea to form a vaccine from selective few epitopes has emerged as a more logical approach owing to the fact that the conventional approaches are slow and selection of antigen is more or less random. In the last 5 years a lot of new vaccine candidates have been proposed which are based on B Cell Epitopes (BCE) and T Cell Epitopes (TCE) [2]. This approach of rapid identification of immuno epitopes is centered on computational predictions, which utilize advance algorithms and increasing epitope data base. Epitope prediction is one of the most important corner stone of in-silico vaccine designing, however it depends on antigen identification, and most crucially epitope selection for an effective immune response.&nbsp;</p

Effect of Long Protocol versus Short Protocol of Metformin Therapy in Pregnancy Outcomes in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - A Comparative Study

Abstract Background: Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) often have insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia and may therefore be at an increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GD

Recent advances in cholesterol biosenso

Biosensors have recently gained much attention in the field of health care for the management of various important analytes in a biological system. The area achieved tremendous progress from the time when the first Clark electrode for measurement of glucose was realized. Advances in the biosensor design are appearing at a high rate as these devices play increasingly important roles in our daily lives. The increasing incidences of cardiovascular diseases and cardiac arrest are major cause of death of humans world over. One of the most important reasons is hypercholesterolemia, i.e. increased concentration of cholesterol in blood. Hence estimation of cholesterol level in blood is important in clinical applications. This re view aims to highlight the recent advances in materials and techniques for cholesterol biosensor design and construction

Case Report Facial Asymmetry in a Crying Newborn: A Comparison of Two Cases and Review of Literature

Facial asymmetry in a crying newborn can be due to a variety of different causes. Neonatal asymmetric crying facies (NACF) is a specific phenotype, which is often underrecognized. It is defined as asymmetry of the mouth and lips with grimacing or smiling, but a symmetric appearance at rest. NACF needs to be differentiated from complete facial palsy in a newborn, which can occur due to traumatic or developmental etiologies. Developmental causes can be present in isolation or may be a part of a recognized syndrome. While asymmetric lower lip depression may be seen in both conditions, complete facial palsy is also associated with upper and mid face deformities. We present a case of NACF and compare it to a case of facial palsy due to perinatal trauma. The purpose of this case series is to clarify some of the confusing nomenclatures and highlight the differences in the physical exam findings, diagnosis, and eventual prognosis of these cases

Facial Asymmetry in a Crying Newborn: A Comparison of Two Cases and Review of Literature

Facial asymmetry in a crying newborn can be due to a variety of different causes. Neonatal asymmetric crying facies (NACF) is a specific phenotype, which is often underrecognized. It is defined as asymmetry of the mouth and lips with grimacing or smiling, but a symmetric appearance at rest. NACF needs to be differentiated from complete facial palsy in a newborn, which can occur due to traumatic or developmental etiologies. Developmental causes can be present in isolation or may be a part of a recognized syndrome. While asymmetric lower lip depression may be seen in both conditions, complete facial palsy is also associated with upper and mid face deformities. We present a case of NACF and compare it to a case of facial palsy due to perinatal trauma. The purpose of this case series is to clarify some of the confusing nomenclatures and highlight the differences in the physical exam findings, diagnosis, and eventual prognosis of these cases