Study of compliance to prescribed lighting standards in hospitals of Delhi NCR, India

Background: An adequate level of lighting is essential for clinical, diagnostic and other processes in hospitals. This study has been conceptualised to assess the existing lighting standards in Indian hospitals. Carefully designed lighting can transform the appearance of a space, making it attractive, welcoming and either restful or stimulating depending on the effect created. It can enhance the architectural appearance of the space and contribute to orientation and way finding.Methods: Select hospitals of Delhi NCR were visited and the existing level of luminance in various areas of the hospital were recorded and analysed against prescribed National and International standards. The existing lighting standards in different areas of the hospital were assessed against the prescribed Indian standards given under National Lighting Code 2010 of India (2) and IS 4347: Code of practice for hospital lighting in India.Results: There has been a gap in the existing and prescribed lighting standards in all the hospitals considered in this study. This study revealed that none of the Hospital was having 100% compliance to the prescribed lighting standards. The best compliance was with hospital ‘A’ (56.5%), which is a private Corporate Hospital and worst with hospital ‘E’ (8.7%), a govt. hospital. The areas where compliance was  highest was OT complex (100%)  and  circulation areas (60% ) while service areas have least compliance rate (20%), with only hospital ‘A’ having 50% compliance and others having 0% compliance. As far as wards are concerned, 80% of the Hospitals adhere to the   prescribed lighting standards for general lighting and lighting at nursing station, but none of the hospitals adhere to the prescribed lighting standards for patient examination, reading lights for patients and night lighting. At the entrance 100% hospitals adhere to the prescribed lighting standards. The major reason cited by the concerned hospital authorities was the unawareness on the prescribed lighting levels and standards.Conclusions: Major conclusions drawn from this study are there are identified gaps in the existing lighting standards in the Hospitals and the recommended lighting levels and standards. Compliance to lighting standards in Indian Hospitals range from 8.7% to 56.7%, with majority of the hospitals in the range of 26% to 35%.There is as urgent need to sensitise the environment regarding recommended lighting standards.

Identifying and ranking of strategies to implement green supply chain management in Indian manufacturing industry using Analytical Hierarchy Process

Purpose – The study aims to identify and rank the major strategies that help achieve successful implementation of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) in Indian manufacturing industry. Design/methodology/approach – Strategies to implement GSCM have been identified thorough extensive literature review and then experts’ opinion is sought for categorizing them into four representative dimensions which are then ranked using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Findings – The study categorizes the GSCM implementation strategies into four dimensions - Non members of supply chain, downward stream supply chain Members, Organizational members of supply chain and upward stream supply chain members. These dimensions are found to play an important role in greening the supply chains enabling the practicing firms achieve enhanced operational performances. Research limitations/implications- AHP is used for ranking the GSCM implementation strategies in Indian manufacturing scenario. The pair-wise comparisons are made on the basis of the opinion of the experts drawn from academia and industry. As is natural, opinions of experts may not always be free from bias or prejudices. Moreover, the study relied more on the GSCM practices literature in developed nations as only limited literature related to the undertaken work in the Indian context was available. Practical implications – This paper may play important role in understanding various strategies and ranking them in order of importance. This facilitates firms prioritize different actions for achieving high GSCM performances in Indian manufacturing industry. Strategic implementation of green supply chain management will help Indian manufacturing enterprises enjoy cost and efficiency benefits. Originality/value – GSCM is a relatively new topic for majority of Indian manufacturing industries. This work is likely to help GSCM practitioners select suitable strategies in consonance with the government regulations and customers’ requirementsPeer Reviewe

Intelligent Wireless Sensor Network using Low Space free space optical communication sensor networks

The free space optical communication sensor networks (FSOSN) have shown impending, for very low power, energy aware applications. They aptitude increasing node functionality, lower energy consumption, lower cost and smaller sizes. However, the new wireless sensor network architecture yields new challenges. FSO can be explained by the means to the transmission of modulated visible or infrared (IR) beams through the atmosphere to obtain broadband communications over distances of several kilometers. The main constraint of FSO is the requirement that a direct line-of-sight (LOS) path exist between two parties the sender and a receiver. However FSO networks offer several unique advantages over RF networks. The fact that include by FSO that it avoids interference with existing RF communications infrastructure is competitively deployed since there is no government licensing of scarce spectrum required, is not susceptible to ?jamming? attacks, and provides a convenient bridge between the sensor network and the nearest optical fiber. The main aim of this research is to develop a low power free space optical communication based intelligent wireless sensor network on 8-bit microcontroller which enables integration of existing devices easily using off the shelf components

Fixed point Results with Soft G- Metrc spaces

In the present paper, we prove fixed point results of mapping defined on soft G-metric space. Keywords: - Soft set, soft G-metric space, fixed point. Mathematics Subject Classification: - 47H10, 54H25

Fixed Point Results in Fuzzy F Menger Metric Space

In this paper we prove fixed point theorems in Fuzzy F menger space with non compatible condition and rational expression. AMS Classification: 47H10, 54H25. Key Words: Fuzzy F Menger Space, Non-Compatible Mappings, Common Fixed Points, Discontinuity, R-weak commutative of type (Ag)

Determination of heavy metal pollution index of ground water of village Wallipur in Ludhiana district

The objective of the study was to reveal the seasonal variations in the groundwater quality with respect to heavy metals contamination near Buddha Nullah in Ludhiana district. To get the extent of trace metals contamination, groundwater samples from tube wells were randomly collected from 16 different points on both sides along the course of Buddha Nullah from areas of Bhamian Kalan, Khasi Kalan and Wallipur Kalan villages of Ludhiana district during first fortnight of June (Pre-monsoon), first fortnight of November (Post-monsoon) and first fortnight of January (Winter season) during the year 2013-14. The concentrations of toxic and heavy metals such as metalloids B, As, Pb; alkaline earth metals Mg, Ca; alkali metals Na, K; transition metals Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd and nonmetal S were determined. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) was calculated. Most of the parameters were found within permissible limit of BIS, 2004. The average values of concentration of Ca, Cr, Mn, As and Pb for pre-monsoon season was higher than average concentration of post-monsoon and winter season. Overall HPI calculated based on the mean concentration of the heavy metals was found to be 18.11, 15.32 and 16.10 for pre-monsoon, post-monsoon and winter season, respectively, which was below the critical pollution index value of 100. The study recommended proper treatment to the sewage water which is being discharged into the Buddha Nullah

Pasting Characteristics of Stored Wheat in Hermetic Bags and Conventional Methods

This study was performed in India to observe the effect of type of structure on pasting characteristics of stored wheat. Wheat of WH-711 variety was stored in hermetic bag and two conventional grain storage structures viz. steel bin and gunny bag piles which are usually employed in India. Pasting characteristics of wheat flour were measured in the Rapid Visco-Analyzer (RVA). The results revealed the significant influence of type of structure on pasting properties of stored wheat. Highest values of peak, trough, setback and final viscosity were observed in steel bins storage and minimum were in the gunny bag storage. Peak, trough, and final viscosity were found to be increased with the advancement of storage time in all structures. Setback and breakdown viscosity decreased with time. Breakdown and maximum setback viscosity were found minimum in hermetic bag storage, gave equal final viscosity as steel bins. Gelatinization temperature and peak time of all structures were same and remained constant. A small increase in the value of pasting temperature was observed in all the structures but maximum increase (about 1.5˚C) was recorded in gunny bags and minimum (0.8˚C) in hermetic storage than initial values

A rare case of angioleiomyoma of the knee: a case report

We report a case of an angioleiomyoma occurring in a 40-year-old Kenyan female. The patient presented with recurrent pain and a soft tissue swelling at the posteromedial aspect of her right knee. Angioleiomyomas are benign soft tissue tumours, which occur most commonly in the skin of the lower extremities in middle-aged females. They very rarely occur in the knee and are treated curatively with resection. A brief literature review is included