Emerging roles of desumoylating enzymes

AbstractPosttranslational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) controls diverse cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, nuclear transport, cell-cycle progression, DNA repair, and signal transduction pathway. Sumoylation is a highly dynamic process that is reversed by a family of Sentrin/SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs). Thus, desumoylation process must be important for regulation of the fate and function of SUMO-conjugated proteins as well as SUMOylation process. SENPs catalyze the removal of SUMO from SUMO-conjugated target proteins as well as the cleavage of SUMO from its precursor proteins. Since the first report of yeast desumoylating enzymes, many studies have revealed the structural and cellular biological properties of SENP family. This review focuses on the specificity of the SENPs' catalytic activities with regard to SUMO isoforms and their emerging roles as cellular regulators

A Transformation-Based Learning Method on Generating Korean Standard Pronunciation

PACLIC 21 / Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea / November 1-3, 200

Kants transzendentale Konzeption der Subjektivität und Beweis der Zweiten Analogie der Erfahrung in der Kritik der reinen Vernunft

Die vorliegende Arbeit ist eine Studie über Kants Beweis der Zweiten Analogie der Erfahrung in der „Kritik der reinen Kritik“ und geht der Frage nach, ob es Kant tatsächlich gelungen ist, die Geltung der Zweiten Analogie, die für ihn eine kritische Revision vom Satz des zureichenden Grundes darstellt, nachzuweisen. Bei der Untersuchung dieser Frage muss nun das Hauptziel der transzendentalen Analytik beachtet werden, das darin besteht, eine Theorie der transzendentalen Subjektivität zu ergründen. Dieser Theorie zufolge soll der Verstand vermittelst der Kategorien der Ursprung der Erfahrung sein und der Natur, als dem Inbegriff aller Erscheinungen, Gesetze a priori vorschreiben. Diese Theorie gipfelt dann im Hinblick auf die Architektonik der transzendentalen Analytik in den Analogien der Erfahrung, insbesondere in der Zweiten Analogie. Daher soll sie letztlich mit dem Beweis der Zweiten Analogie gerechtfertigt und bekräftigt werden. Um dies zu zeigen, gliedert sich die Dissertation in drei Teile: Der erste Teil erörtert Kants methodologischen Gedanken über die Metaphysik um die erste Hälfte der 1760er Jahre und zeigt, dass eine Begründung vom Satz des zureichenden Grundes in diesem methodologischen Rahmen nicht einzusehen ist. Der zweite Teil wird der transzendentalen Deduktion gewidmet und zeigt, wie Kant seine Theorie der transzendentalen Subjektivität zu ergründen versuchte. Zudem wird auch noch der systematische Standort des Schematismus in der transzendentalen Analytik bestimmt. Der letzte Teil dieser Arbeit geht dann auf Kants Beweis der Zweiten Analogie ein. Zunächst wird herausgestellt, wie wichtig ein Nachweis der dynamischen Kontinuität der Zeit für eine systematische Vorstellung der Grundsätze des reinen Verstandes ist. Daraufhin wird gezeigt, dass diese dynamische Kontinuität der Zeit im Rahmen der von Kant in der transzendentalen Deduktion ergründeten transzendentalen Subjektivität nicht nachgewiesen werden kann. So kann man in Zweifel ziehen, ob es Kant gelungen ist, seine Theorie der transzendentalen Subjektivität zu rechtfertigen

Anti-anxiety effect of methanol extract of Pericarpium zanthoxyli using a strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor model

Purpose: To determine if the methanol extract of Pericarpium zanthoxyli exerts anti-anxiety effects and also to explore any probable anti-anxiety mechanism in vivo.Methods: The staircase test, elevated plus maze test, rota-rod treadmill test and convulsions induced by strychnine and picrotoxin on mice were tested to identify potential mechanism of anti-anxiety activity of the plant extract.Results: The plant extract (10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced rearing numbers in the staircase test while it increased the time spent in the open arms as well as the number of entries to the open arms in the elevated plus maze test, suggesting that it has significant anti-anxiety activity. Furthermore, the extract inhibited strychnine-induced convulsion. However, it had little effect on picrotoxin-induced convulsion, suggesting that its anti-anxiety activity may be linked to strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor and not GABA receptor.Conclusion: These results suggest that the Pericarpium zanthoxyli extract may be beneficial for the control of anxiety.Keywords: Anti-anxiety, Pericarpium zanthoxyli, Glycine Receptor, GABA Recepto

Cherry Angiomas on the Scalp

Cherry angiomas are a common cutaneous vascular proliferation which manifests as single or multiple spots and occurs predominantly on the upper trunk and arms. They typically appear as round-to-oval, bright, red, dome-shaped papules and pinpoint macules measuring up to several millimeters in diameter. The histopathologic findings of a cherry angioma are consistent with a true capillary hemangioma, which is formed by numerous, newly developed capillaries with narrow lumens and prominent endothelial cells arranged in a lobular fashion in the papillary dermis. Herein, we report a case of multiple cherry angiomas on the scalp, an uncommon location for cherry angiomas

PCT-CycleGAN: Paired Complementary Temporal Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks for Radar-Based Precipitation Nowcasting

The precipitation nowcasting methods have been elaborated over the centuries because rain has a crucial impact on human life. Not only quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) models and convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM), but also various sophisticated methods such as the latest MetNet-2 are emerging. In this paper, we propose a paired complementary temporal cycle-consistent adversarial networks (PCT-CycleGAN) for radar-based precipitation nowcasting, inspired by cycle-consistent adversarial networks (CycleGAN), which shows strong performance in image-to-image translation. PCT-CycleGAN generates temporal causality using two generator networks with forward and backward temporal dynamics in paired complementary cycles. Each generator network learns a huge number of one-to-one mappings about time-dependent radar-based precipitation data to approximate a mapping function representing the temporal dynamics in each direction. To create robust temporal causality between paired complementary cycles, novel connection loss is proposed. And torrential loss to cover exceptional heavy rain events is also proposed. The generator network learning forward temporal dynamics in PCT-CycleGAN generates radar-based precipitation data 10 minutes from the current time. Also, it provides a reliable prediction of up to 2 hours with iterative forecasting. The superiority of PCT-CycleGAN is demonstrated through qualitative and quantitative comparisons with several previous methods.Comment: CIKM 202

Carcinoma Mixed within Milk of Calcium in a Breast: a Case Report

Milk of calcium located in the breast is typically a benign entity. However, carcinoma may incidentally arise adjacent to or even within milk of calcium. Consequently, the characteristics of all observed calcific particles should be carefully analyzed. In this study, we report a case of carcinoma presented as malignant microcalcifications mixed within milk of calcium in a breast