A Multicultural/Multimodal/Multisystems (MULTI-CMS) Approach for Immigrant Families: Structural Equation Modeling of Adolescent Perception of Conflict with Parents

The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.Moon, Sung Seek, Ph.D., University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia - "A Multicultural/Multimodal/Multisystems Approach for Immigrant Families: Structural Equation Modeling of Adolescent Perceptions of Conflict with Parents"The Ohio State University College of Social Wor

PREVENTING SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG ADOLESCENTS: EVALUATION OF AN INTEGRATED MODEL COMBINING LIFE SKILLS TRANING AND PARENT TRANING

This study examines the effectiveness of an integrated model combining Life Skills Training (LST) for students and Love and Logic Training (LLT) for parents. 310 middle school students and 49 parents were participated in the study. A paired sample t-test was computed to compare pre and post-test scores for each participant. An independent sample t-test was used to determine if statistical differences exist between the treatment and control groups. Alcohol use and resistance to alcohol use among both treatment and control groups were significantly changed after the intervention in a positive way. No significant change in substance use was found in both groups. When it comes to comparison between treatment and control groups, a significant difference was found only in resistance to alcohol use, meaning participants in treatment group showed significantly higher level of resistance to alcohol use than control group after the intervention. Implications of these results for practice and training were discussed

Melatonin receptor 1 B polymorphisms associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Backgrounds</p> <p>Two SNPs in <it>melatonin receptor 1B </it>gene, <it>rs10830963 </it>and <it>rs1387153 </it>showed significant associations with fasting plasma glucose levels and the risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in previous studies. Since T2DM and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) share similar characteristics, we suspected that the two genetic polymorphisms in <it>MTNR1B </it>may be associated with GDM, and conducted association studies between the polymorphisms and the disease. Furthermore, we also examined genetic effects of the two polymorphisms with various diabetes-related phenotypes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 1,918 subjects (928 GDM patients and 990 controls) were used for the study. Two <it>MTNR1B </it>polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan assay. The allele distributions of SNPs were evaluated by <it>x</it>²models calculating odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and corresponding <it>P </it>values. Multiple regressions were used for association analyses of GDM-related traits. Finally, conditional analyses were also performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found significant associations between the two genetic variants and GDM, <it>rs10830963</it>, with a corrected <it>P </it>value of 0.0001, and <it>rs1387153</it>, with the corrected <it>P </it>value of 0.0008. In addition, we also found that the two SNPs were associated with various phenotypes such as homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function and fasting glucose levels. Further conditional analyses results suggested that <it>rs10830963 </it>might be more likely functional in case/control analysis, although not clear in GDM-related phenotype analyses.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There have been studies that found associations between genetic variants of other genes and GDM, this is the first study that found significant associations between SNPs of <it>MTNR1B </it>and GDM. The genetic effects of two SNPs identified in this study would be helpful in understanding the insight of GDM and other diabetes-related disorders.</p

Lactational coumestrol exposure increases ovarian apoptosis in adult rats

This study is the first to examine the increased apoptosis in the adult rat ovary after lactational exposure to coumestrol (COU), a potent phytoestrogen. Lactating dams were gavaged at doses of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg COU during the lactation period and the reproductive effects of female pups were investigated in young adults. Rats were sacrificed at postnatal days (PND) 81–84. Ovarian weights were reduced significantly at 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg COU. The reduction in the ovarian weight occurred in parallel with an increase in the apoptosis at PND 135–140. A marked dose-dependent increase in the expressions of active caspase-3 and -7 was observed in ovarian granulosa cells. Immunostaining for active caspase-3 and the TUNEL staining of apoptotic cells were also increased in ovaries exposed to COU in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest new sights into the effect of lactational exposure to COU on the female reproductive health

TANF status, ethnicity, and early school success

This article presents a secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten (ECLS-K), conducted by the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). The ECLS-K data are from a national sample of children who began kindergarten during 1998/9. The article reviews literature about the relationships among poverty, ethnicity, and early success in school, analyses three-year longitudinal data by student ethnicity and TANF status, and provides a discussion of policy implications. The findings suggest that, although many children from non-English-speaking backgrounds catch up with peers during the first three years of school, TANF status remains a good predictor of overall achievement in the third grade.TANF Poverty School achievement ECLS-K

Typologies of Peer Victimization, Depression, and Alcohol Use among High School Youth in the United States: Measuring Gender Differences

Using the data from 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, our study explored gender differences in the typologies of peer victimization and alcohol use mediated by depression among adolescents. Results showed a significant association between peer victimization types with depression and alcohol use among both male and female students. Results also showed stark gender differences in school victimization, cyber-bullying victimization, sexual-dating violence, and depression on alcohol use. Findings provide implications for policies and programs that examine various forms of peer victimization, mental health, and alcohol use through a gendered lens, critical to acknowledging gendered differences in victimization and behavior of adolescents

Mask wearing and self-harming thoughts among international students in the United States during COVID-19: The moderating role of discrimination

This study examined associations among discrimination, mask-wearing behavior, and self-harming thoughts among international students in the United States during COVID-19. : Undergraduate and graduate international students enrolled in universities during the 2020 summer semester participated in the online survey ( = 103). : Perceived discrimination, mask-wearing behavior, and self-harming thoughts during COVID-19 were assessed by self-reports. Multivariable logistic regressions examined the association among discrimination, mask-wearing behavior, and self-harming thoughts and explored the potential moderation effect of discrimination on the association between mask-wearing and self-harming thoughts. : 18.6% of participants reported self-harming thoughts. Increased discrimination was significantly associated with increased odds of self-harming thoughts. Discrimination significantly moderated the association between mask wearing and self-harming thoughts. : The findings highlight the importance of increased availability of culturally appropriate mental health services for international students and the need for increased advocacy to decrease discrimination against international students in the current societal context