Spectral Clustering and Vantage Point Indexing for Efficient Data Retrieval

Data mining is an essential process for identifying the patterns in large datasets through machine learning techniques and database systems. Clustering of high dimensional data is becoming very challenging process due to curse of dimensionality. In addition, space complexity and data retrieval performance was not improved. In order to overcome the limitation, Spectral Clustering Based VP Tree Indexing Technique is introduced. The technique clusters and indexes the densely populated high dimensional data points for effective data retrieval based on user query. A Normalized Spectral Clustering Algorithm is used to group similar high dimensional data points. After that, Vantage Point Tree is constructed for indexing the clustered data points with minimum space complexity. At last, indexed data gets retrieved based on user query using Vantage Point Tree based Data Retrieval Algorithm.  This in turn helps to improve true positive rate with minimum retrieval time. The performance is measured in terms of space complexity, true positive rate and data retrieval time with El Nino weather data sets from UCI Machine Learning Repository. An experimental result shows that the proposed technique is able to reduce the space complexity by 33% and also reduces the data retrieval time by 24% when compared to state-of-the-art-works

A study of intracardiac repair and effect of transannular patching on right ventricular function in adult tetralogy of fallot patients

INTRODUCTION : Tetralogy of fallot is the most common congenital cyanotic heart disease. Complete intracardiac repair of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is being performed since 1950s. It constitutes about 10% of all congenital heart diseases. Current surgical management of TOF involves total correction in a single stage in the first six months of life. There are also adults who underwent palliative shunts in the childhood but never underwent the corrective procedure. In addition, in our part of the country a considerable number patients with well balanced TOF defect and adequate pulmonary stenosis to protect the pulmonary vasculature, will reach adulthood without any surgical intervention. The first successful repair was performed by Lillehei and Varco in 1954 using controlled cross circulation. Kirklin reported the first repair using a pump oxygenator. Kirklin and others made important contributions to the surgical correction in the form of timing of operative repair, he indications for transannular patching to relieve Right Ventricular Outflow Tract(RVOT)obstruction and the use of grafts to reconstruct the RVOT. Today surgical repair beyond infancy is an exception rather the rule he poor natural history indicates that hemodynamic impairment in the survivors to adulthood may indicate the less severe spectrum of TOF Surgery after long standing cyanosis in these subgroup of cases has caused controversy although several recent studies show better long term outcomes following surgery in this subset. This study present a three year followup of adult patients undergoing total correction for TOF in our institution. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES : 1. To study the incidence and demography of Tetralogy of Fallot patients in the study population. 2. To study the symptomatology and mode of presentation. 3. To study the coexisting anamolies. 4. To study the efficacy of total correction in the TOF patients. 5. To study the effect of repair on the right ventricular function. 6. To study the clinical status of patients and analye the hemodynamic data in the postoperative period. 7. To document a couple of interesting cases with unusual presentations. MATERIAL AND METHODS : 42 patients were admitted between August 2007 and April 2010 with a diagnosis of TOF. Of them 39 underwent intracardiac repair with or without transannular patching in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Government General Hospital, Chennai. We made a prospective study to assess the outcome of surgical correction in the study population during the study period and also reviewed the patients demographics, clinical status, morphology of RVOT, the different techniques used in the repair. We made an assessment of postoperative improvement of symptomatology and exercise tolerance. We made a periodic assessment of ventricular function and development of pulmonary regurgitation and residual pulmonary stenosis by echocardiography. RESULTS : The early (hospital) mortality after repair of tetralogy of Fallot is currently 1–5% in most reported series (Groh, 1991; Castaneda, 1990; Gustafson et al., 1988;Karl et al., 1992). A review of 399 patients undergoing complete repair for tetralogy of Fallot (excluding repairs performed concomitant with or subsequent to unifocalization of MAPCAs) at the University of Michigan between January 1993 and November 2004 show an overall early hospital mortality rate for complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot as 3% (95% confidence interval 1.2–4.6%).Repair within the first year of life did not influence the early outcome, as had been reported in a number of earlier series. The neutralization of this risk factor is largely due to improved intraoperative techniques (particularly the avoidance of excessive right ventricular outflow tract muscle excision), cardiopulmonary bypass management and refinements in postoperative care.Among 814 patients undergoing complete repair at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, survivorship at 1 month and at 1, 5 and 20 years was 93%, 92%, 92%and 87%, respectively (Kirklin et al., 1989). Survival was slightly less than that for an age-, race- and gendermatched control population. In their analysis, the risk factors for late death were older age at repair, high peak right/left ventricular pressure immediately after repair (> 0.85) and the presence of a Potts shunt. The use of a trans-annular patch was not found to be a risk factor for premature late death. CONCLUSION : The management of adult tetralogy is a surgical challenge due to the chronic multisystem cellular hypoxia and compensatory polycythemia, which predispose theseatients to myocardial, neurologic, hematologic, and coagulation problems, as well as those related to the development of pulmonary collaterals .The hypertrophied and fibrotic right ventricular myocardium is prone to myocardial dysfunction and to ventricular arrhythmias. Transatrial repair is associated with a favorable outcome with lower mortality and morbidity. Patients have significant improvement in the quality of life and symptomatology. The need for reintervention remained very low and residual lesions requiring surgery like pulmonary valve replacement were not seen in the early followup. The major limitation in the study is the very brief period of observation. A longer followup as is done other comparable studies may throw light upon the long term effects of the surgical correction. It may be concluded that total single stage correction of TOF in adults may be undertaken with lower mortality, morbidity and significant improvement in functional status

Cataract surgery at Aravind Eye Hospitals: 1988–2008

In the 1980s, cataract was the major cause of blindness in India and was responsible for 80% of all blindness. This prompted the Indian government to launch a national cataract control programme, which succeeded in lowering the prevalence of blindness from 1.49% to 1.1%. In addition, by 2000, this programme had reduced the proportion of people blind due to cataract from 80% to 62%.Aravind Eye Hospitals contributed to a third of all cataract operations in the state of Tamil Nadu during the last two decades and played a major part in lowering the rate of blindness in that state. By 2000, the prevalence level of blindness was just 0.78%, compared to the national level of 1.11%

Priority based energy efficient hybrid cluster routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor network

A little change in the environment that goes unnoticed in an underwater communication network might lead to calamity. A little alteration in the environment must also be adequately analyzed in order to deal with a potential crisis. A priority-based routing protocol is required to ensure that the vital data perceived by the sensor about the environment changes. The priority-based routing system guarantees that vital data packets are delivered at a quicker pace to the destination or base station for further processing. In this work, we present a priority-based routing protocol based on the energy efficient hybrid cluster routing protocol (EEHRCP) algorithm. The suggested approach keeps two distinct queues for lower and higher priority data packets. In order to ensure that these packets get at their destination without any information loss and at a quicker rate, all of the crucial sensed data is passed through a higher priority queue. Test findings show that the suggested technique increases throughput, delivery percentage, and reduces latency for the crucial data packets

Comparative analysis of the genomic regions flanking Xa21 locus in indica and japonica ssp. of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract Comparative analysis of a 100 kb region flanking of major bacterial blight resistance gene Xa21 (3.57 kb) was performed in the two subspecies of rice Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare and Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica cv. 93-11 to understand the evolution and divergence of Xa21 locus. A total of 12 genes in japonica and 14 genes in indica were predicted and annotated in this region. Functional annotation revealed the presence of 4 genes and 8 genes in japonica and indica, respectively, which could be putatively associated with disease resistance in the 100 kb region of Xa21 locus. The study also revealed that 50% of japonica genes and 42.8% of indica genes in the genomic region of interest were transposable elements protein coding genes. Analysis of each predicted gene in this region revealed more or less similar GC content in both the subspecies. A total of 109 SSRs have been identified in the region of interest in both indica and japonica. The numbers of repeated motifs were observed to decrease with the increased number of nucleotides. Interestingly, most of the leucine rich repeat (LRR) gene products were predicted to be localized in the plasma membrane and the transposable element related protein coding genes were localized in the nucleus. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the majority of predicted genes with similar functions of both the subspecies were grouped together

Bioinformatics Based: in Silico Docking Analysis of Polyherbal Formulation for The Management of Parkinson’s Disease (Nadukku Vatham)

Background: The discipline of Siddha medicine, particularly herbal formulations, can benefit greatly from the use of molecular docking because it enables the molecular interactions of the formulation’s lead molecules with receptors to be understood, as well as the inference of the formulation's basic biochemical targets.  Aim: The goal of this study is to carry out an In-silico computational analysis of the phytochemicals found in Kuruver Kudineer (KK), a traditional Siddha remedy that is used for managing behavioral deficit in Parkinsons disease.  Methodology: The ligand structures were developed and optimized using Auto Dock Tools (Morris, Goodsell et al., 1998). Using Auto dock Vina, the compounds were all docked. The function of the target protein Monoamine Oxidase -A (PDB 2Z5X), which is involved in the breakdown of the neurotransmitters by MAO-A, will be inhibited by the creation of a hydrogen bond between phytocomponents and the target's core amino acids (Tyr 69, Ile 335, Tyr 407, and Tyr 444). In order to control the dopamine level, phytocomponents that inhibit the target enzyme MAO-A may be used as potential targets. Results: The compounds present in Kuruver Kudineer (KK) like Gingerenone-A, Betulinic acid, Zingiberene, Rutin, Geniposide and β-sitosterol showed maximum interactions with MAO –A when compared to that of Clorgyline. According to the outcomes of the computational investigation, the bio-active substances present in the Siddha formulation Kuruver Kudineer (KK) have significant affinity to the target MAO-A (PDB 2Z5X). Conclusions: From the results of the present study, it was concluded that the MAO – A reveal significant effect to managing the behavioral deficit and thereby considered an excellent drug choice for the clinical management of Parkinson’s disease (Nadukku vatham

Biodegradation and cytotoxicity of ciprofloxacin-loaded hydroxyapatite-polycaprolactone nanocomposite film for sustainable bone implants

Rajendran Nithya, Nachiappan Meenakshi Sundaram Department of Biomedical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India Introduction: In recent years there has been a steep increase in the number of orthopedic patients for many reasons. One major reason is osteomyelitis, caused by pyrogenic bacteria, with progressive infection of the bone or bone marrow and surrounding tissues. So antibiotics must be introduced during bone implantation to avoid prolonged infection.Aim: The objective of the study reported here was to prepare a composite film of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp) and polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer loaded with ciprofloxacin, a frequently used antibiotic agent for bone infections.Methods: Nanocrystalline HAp was synthesized by precipitation method using the precursor obtained from eggshell. The nanocomposite film (HAp-PCL-ciprofloxacin) was prepared by solvent evaporation. Drug-release and biodegradation studies were undertaken by immersing the composite film in phosphate-buffered saline solution, while a cytotoxicity test was performed using the fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3 and osteoblast cell line MG-63.Results: The pure PCL film had quite a low dissolution rate after an initial sharp weight loss, whereas the ciprofloxacin-loaded HAp-PCL nanocomposite film had a large weight loss due to its fast drug release. The composite film had higher water absorption than the pure PCL, and increasing the concentration of the HAp increased the water absorption. The in vitro cell-line study showed a good biocompatibility and bioactivity of the developed nanocomposite film.Conclusion: The prepared film will act as a sustainable bone implant in addition to controlled drug delivery. Keywords: osteomyelitis, antibiotics, nanocrystalline, cytotoxicity, fibroblast, in vitr

AN OVERVIEW ON THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF AGLAIA SPECIES

Medicinal plants have been identified and used throughout human history for treating various diseases. Plants belonging to genus Aglaia have been used in traditional system of medicine. The genus Aglaia is a member of Meliaceae family. The plants belonging to this genus have various biological activities including antipyretic, astringent, antidiarrheal, antidysenteric, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity and are also used in treating skin diseases and tumors. The phytochemistry and the various biological activities of Aglaia sp. such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and nanoparticle activity are discussed in this review paper