3,356 research outputs found
As relaçÔes diplomĂĄticas entre a Coreia do Sul e o JapĂŁo: o caso das âMulheres de Confortoâ da Coreia
Dissertação de Mestrado em RelaçÔes InternacionaisO conceito de Direitos Humanos ganhou força lentamente, e foi apenas com o fim da
Segunda Guerra Mundial e a criação da ONU, que conseguiu ser reconhecido pela
comunidade internacional. Todavia, o processo da aceitação e aplicação dos Direitos
Humanos nos casos reais sempre enfrentou dificuldades, devido, em parte, ao perĂodo em
foram criados, mas principalmente devido à sua complexidade e à linha ténue que define
aquilo que Ă© ou nĂŁo considerado um Direito a ser defendido, criando assim, diferentes vozes
na decisão de quais as violaçÔes passadas que podem ser julgadas nos dias de hoje, como o
caso das âMulheres de confortoâ.
O presente trabalho de dissertação tem por objectivo, compreender, analisar e
apresentar possĂveis soluçÔes para o caso das âMulheres de Confortoâ, que ocorreu no perĂodo
da invasĂŁo japonesa Ă penĂnsula da Coreia, a fim de perceber o motivo pelo qual as
negociaçÔes sobre o caso das `Mulheres de Confortoâ sĂŁo um fracasso diplomĂĄtico e social
para a RepĂșblica da Coreia e para o JapĂŁo, analisando de que forma esta questĂŁo afectou e
pode continuar a afectar a relação diplomĂĄtica e polĂtica de cada paĂs.
Em termos da diplomacia, a relação entre a Coreia do Sul e o JapĂŁo tĂȘm melhorado
progressivamente, tendo existido um esforço para recuperar o espĂrito de vizinhança,
colaborando na ideia de desenvolvimento conjunto do continente asiĂĄtico. Todavia, devido Ă
frequente mudança do governo e das polĂticas de cada paĂs, tĂȘm existido sempre oscilaçÔes
ou desentendimentos, no que diz respeito aos assuntos histĂłricos.
O governo actual do JapĂŁo, liderado por Abe Shinzo, nĂŁo quer entrar mais uma vez
em negociaçÔes com a Coreia do Sul, relativamente a este tema, enquanto do outro lado, o
novo presidente da RepĂșblica da Coreia, Jae In Moon, nĂŁo aceita o Ășltimo acordo feito pela
presidente destituĂda, Geun Hye Park, declarando que a decisĂŁo nĂŁo teve em conta as
opiniĂ”es das vĂtimas sobreviventes. Neste contexto, com esta dissertação pretende-se
responder-se Ă s questĂ”es: Em que direito reconhecido internacionalmente Ă© possĂvel basear-se,
para reclamar as indemnizaçÔes por parte da Coreia? Quais são as responsabilidades que as
vĂtimas sobreviventes pretendem que o governo japonĂȘs assuma? Quais sĂŁo os prĂłximos
passos que cada governo pode optar a fim de chegar a um Ășltimo consenso?The concept of Human Rights has regained strength at a slow pace, and it was only
with the end of the Second World War and especially with the establishment of the United
Nations, that these Human Right started becoming known and recognised by the world
community. Nevertheless, applying Human Rights in real cases has always faced difficulties,
not just because of the the specific time period they were created, but also and mainly, due to
their complexity and how blurry the line is, which defines what can or cannot be considered
as a Human Right. This ended up creating, at the same time, different voices and opinions in
deciding which past violations could be judged nowadays, such as the case of the âComfort
Womenâ.
The aim of this thesis work is to comprehend, analyse and present possible solutions
for the case of the âComfort Womenâ, which took place during the period of japanese
invasion of the korean peninsula, in order to understand the reason why the negotiations
concerning the âComfort Womenâ problem were a diplomatic and social failure for the
Republic of Korea and Japan, by analysing how this issue affected and may continue to affect
the diplomatic and political relationship of each country in the future.
In terms of diplomacy, the relations between South Korea and the Japan has been
gradually improving, with more and more efforts to recover a spirit of neighbourliness and by
cooperating in the idea of a joint development of the Asian Continent. However, due to the
frequent change of government and political agenda of each country, there have constantly
been oscillations and misunderstandings, as far as historical events are concerned.
The current japanese government, lead by Abe Shinzo, has manifested that there will
be no more negotiations with South Korea concerning this particular matter, while on the
other side, the new president of the Republic of Korea, Jae In Moon, refuses to accept the last
agreement signed by the ousted president Guen Hye Park, declaring that the decision did not
take into account the opinions of the surviving victims. In such a context, the intention of this
thesis is to answer the following questions: In which internationally recognised right can
Koreaâs claim to these compensations be possibly based? What are the responsibilities that
the surviving victims intend for japanese government to assume? Which are the next steps
that each government could take in order to reach a final agreement?N/
The projective cover of tableau-cyclic indecomposable -modules
Let be a composition of and a permutation in
. This paper concerns the projective covers of
-modules , and
, which categorify the dual immaculate
quasisymmetric function, the extended Schur function, and the quasisymmetric
Schur function when is the identity, respectively. First, we show that
the projective cover of is the projective indecomposable
module due to Norton, and and the -twist
of the canonical submodule of
for 's satisfying suitable
conditions appear as -homomorphic images of .
Second, we introduce a combinatorial model for the -twist of
and derive a series of surjections starting from
to the -twist of
. Finally, we construct the projective
cover of every indecomposable direct summand of
. As a byproduct, we give a characterization of
triples such that the projective cover of
is indecomposable.Comment: 41 page
Homological properties of 0-Hecke modules for dual immaculate quasisymmetric functions
Let be a nonnegative integer. For each composition of , Berg
introduced a cyclic indecomposable -module
with a dual immaculate quasisymmetric function as the
image of the quasisymmetric characteristic. In this paper, we study
's from the homological viewpoint. To be precise, we
construct a minimal projective presentation of and a
minimal injective presentation of as well. Using them, we
compute and , where is
the simple -module attached to a composition of . We also
compute when
and , where represents the lexicographic
order on compositions.Comment: 44 pages, to be published in Forum of Math: Sigm
Vav1 inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption
Vav1 is a Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells. In this study, we investigated the potential role of Vav1 in osteoclast (OC) differentiation by comparing the ability of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) obtained from Vav1-deficient (Vav1â/â) and wild-type (WT) mice to differentiate into mature OCs upon stimulation with macrophage colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear kappa B ligand in vitro. Our results suggested that Vav1 deficiency promoted the differentiation of BMMCs into OCs, as indicated by the increased expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, cathepsin K, and calcitonin receptor. Therefore, Vav1 may play a negative role in OC differentiation. This hypothesis was supported by the observation of more OCs in the femurs of Vav1â/â mice than in WT mice. Furthermore, the bone status of Vav1â/â mice was analyzed in situ and the femurs of Vav1â/â mice appeared abnormal, with poor bone density and fewer number of trabeculae. In addition, Vav1-deficient OCs showed stronger adhesion to vitronectin, an αvÎČ3 integrin ligand important in bone resorption. Thus, Vav1 may inhibit OC differentiation and protect against bone resorption
In-situ fabrication of cobalt-doped SrFe2As2 thin films by using pulsed laser deposition with excimer laser
The remarkably high superconducting transition temperature and upper critical
field of iron(Fe)-based layered superconductors, despite ferromagnetic material
base, open the prospect for superconducting electronics. However, success in
superconducting electronics has been limited because of difficulties in
fabricating high-quality thin films. We report the growth of high-quality
c-axis-oriented cobalt(Co)-doped SrFe2As2 thin films with bulk
superconductivity by using an in-situ pulsed laser deposition technique with a
248-nm-wavelength KrF excimer laser and an arsenic(As)-rich phase target. The
temperature and field dependences of the magnetization showing strong
diamagnetism and transport critical current density with superior Jc-H
performance are reported. These results provide necessary information for
practical applications of Fe-based superconductors.Comment: 8 pages, 3figures. to be published at Appl. Phys. Let
Influencing factors of early childhood teachersâ disaster preparedness
BackgroundThe risk of disasters and infectious diseases continues to persist in modern times. Children are a vulnerable group in disaster prevention and management due to their limited ability to cope on their own. Hence, the role and disaster preparedness capacity of early childhood teachers (ECTs) is vital for childrenâs protection.ObjectivesThis study aims to explore how ECTs can improve their personal resilience to adapt to and overcome disasters as part of early childhood education and care (ECEC). To this end, this study examined the effects of ECTsâ self-efficacy, resilience, disaster awareness, COVID-19 stress, and work-related stress on their disaster preparedness.ResultsAccording to the outcomes of disaster preparedness of ECTs based on their general and job characteristics, full-time employees and principals scored significantly higher in work-related disaster preparedness (WrDP) compared to part-time workers and general and assistant teachers, respectively. Resilience and WrDP were identified as influencing factors of general disaster preparedness (GdP), with an explanatory power of 26.4%. GdP and self-efficacy were identified as influencing factors of WrDP, with an explanatory power of 25.7%.DiscussionAccording to the findings, ECTsâ self-efficacy and GdP must be improved, followed by developing strategies to strengthen their resilience and WrDP. Doing so would ensure the safety and disaster preparedness of ECTs and infants who have low self-care capacity
Transcription Factor Sp1 Is Involved in Expressional Regulation of Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor in Cancer Cells
Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) was first known as a virus receptor. Recently, it is also known to have tumor suppressive activity such as inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. It is important to understand how CAR expression can be regulated in cancers. Based on an existence of putative Sp1 binding site within CAR promoter, we investigated whether indeed Sp1 is involved in the regulation of CAR expression. We observed that deletion or mutation of Sp1 binding motif (â503/â498) prominently impaired the Sp1 binding affinity and activity of CAR promoter. Histone deacetylase inhibitor (TSA) treatment enhanced recruitment of Sp1 to the CAR promoter in ChIP assay. Meanwhile, Sp1 binding inhibitor suppressed the recruitment. Exogenous expression of wild-type Sp1 increased CAR expression in CAR-negative cells; meanwhile, dominant negative Sp1 decreased the CAR expression in CAR-positive cells. These results indicate that Sp1 is involved in regulation of CAR expression
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