TOURISM COOPERATION AND PEACE - AN EXAMPLE FROM THE DIVIDED NATION OF KOREA

At the end of 1996, international tourist arrivals reached 600 million, generating US $423 billion. By the year 2020 tourist arrivals will reach to 1.6 million (WTO, 1997). Despite the strength of global tourist demand, many destinations especially in the third world, are facing fluctuations in tourist arrivals, due to unsafe political conditions. Richter (1992, p.36) points at the fifth critical element 'S'-security, in addition to four favourable 'S's' (sun,sea, sand, sax) which are often seen as the core of developing a nation's tourist appeal. This paper addresses a number of key issues related to tourism cooperation and peace, using the case study of the divided nation between South Korea and North Korea. The research and analysis of this case includes both theory and facts. The theoretical concepts are of two kinds: theories on division and political boundary and theories on peace and tourism. The purpose of this paper is to expose the current economic condition of the tourism industry in South and North Korea, and the suggested options for tourism cooperation

Convergence of an iterative algorithm for systems of variational inequalities and nonexpansive mappings with applications

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the problem of convergence of an iterative algorithm for a system of generalized variational inequalities and a nonexpansive mapping. Strong convergence theorems are established in the framework of real Banach spaces

The diluted atropine for inhibition of myopia progression in Korean children

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of three different concentrations of diluted atropine for the control of myopia in Korean children, and to assess the risk factors associated with rapid myopia progression. METHODS: A total of 285 children, with refractive errors within the range of -6 diopters (D) between 5 and 14 years of age were included. After using 0.01%, or 0.025%, or 0.05% atropine, for about 1y, changes in refraction, axial lengths and frequency of adverse events were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the risk factors associated with rapid myopia progression. RESULTS: The changes in the mean spherical equivalent values were -0.134 D/mo in the before atropine group, -0.070 D/mo in the 0.01% atropine group, -0.047 D/mo in the 0.025% atropine group, and -0.019 D/mo in the 0.05% atropine group, with significant differences between the groups (P<0.001). The axial elongation was 0.046 mm/mo, 0.037 mm/mo, 0.025 mm/mo, and 0.019 mm/mo respectively, with significant differences between the groups (P=0.003). The incidence of photophobia and near vision difficulty was not different among the three atropine groups (P=0.425 and P=0.356, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that only highly myopic parents were a significant predictive factor of rapid myopia progression in Korean children (odds ratio, 8.155; 95% confidence interval, 3.626-18.342; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Treatment with 0.01%, 0.025% and 0.05% atropine solution inhibits myopia progression in Korean children in a dose-dependent manner. Children with highly myopic parents preferentially shows a rapid myopia progression rate

Strong convergence of shrinking projection methods for quasi-ϕ-nonexpansive mappings and equilibrium problems

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to consider the convergence of a shrinking projection method for a finite family of quasi-ϕ-nonexpansive mappings and an equilibrium problem. Strong convergence theorems are established in a uniformly smooth and strictly convex Banach space which also enjoys the Kadec–Klee property

Faculty Recital: Sun-Young Gemma Shin, Baroque Violin, Martha Stiehl, Harpsichord/Organ

Kemp Recital Hall October 15, 2017 Sunday Evening 7:00p.m

AAD-2004, a potent spin trapping molecule and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 inhibitor, shows safety and efficacy in a mouse model of ALS

While free radicals and inflammation constitute major routes of neuronal injury occurring in neurodegenerative diseases, neither antioxidants nor nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have shown significant efficacy in human clinical trials. To explore the possibility that concurrent blockade of free radicals and PGE2-mediated inflammation might constitute a safe and effective therapeutic approach to certain neurodegenerative diseases, we have developed 2-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-ethylaminobezoic acid (AAD-2004) as a derivative of aspirin. AAD-2004 completely removed free radicals at 50 nM as a potent spin trapping molecule and inhibited microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) with an IC50 of 230 nM. Oral administration of AAD-2004 blocked free radical formation, PGE2 formation, and microglial activation in the spinal motor neurons of SOD1G93A mice. As a consequence, AAD-2004 reduced autophagosome formation, axonopathy, and motor neuron degeneration, improving motor function and increasing life span. In these assays, AAD-2004 was superior to ibuprofen or riluzole. Gastric bleeding was not induced by AAD-2004 even at a dose 400-fold higher than that required to obtain maximal therapeutic efficacy in SOD1G93A mice. Targeting both mPGES-1 and free radicals may be a promising approach to reduce neurodegeneration in ALS and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases