863 research outputs found
Mutual regulation between deubiquitinase CYLD and retroviral oncoprotein Tax
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Oncoprotein Tax, encoded by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV1), persistently induces NF-κB activation, which contributes to HTLV1-mediated T-cell transformation. Recent studies suggest that the signaling function of Tax requires its ubiquitination, although how the Tax ubiquitination is regulated remains unclear.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We show here that the deubiquitinase CYLD physically interacts with Tax and negatively regulates the ubiquitination of this viral protein. This function of CYLD is associated with inhibition of Tax-mediated activation of IKK although not that of Tak1. Interestingly, CYLD undergoes constitutive phosphorylation in HTLV1-transformed T cells, a mechanism known to inactivate the catalytic activity of CYLD. Consistently, a phospho-mimetic CYLD mutant fails to inhibit Tax ubiquitination.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings suggest that CYLD negatively regulates the signaling function of Tax through inhibition of Tax ubiquitination. Conversely, induction of CYLD phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism by which HTLV1 overrides the inhibitory function of CYLD, leading to the persistent activation of NF-κB.</p
Dream the Impossible: Outlier Imagination with Diffusion Models
Utilizing auxiliary outlier datasets to regularize the machine learning model
has demonstrated promise for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection and safe
prediction. Due to the labor intensity in data collection and cleaning,
automating outlier data generation has been a long-desired alternative. Despite
the appeal, generating photo-realistic outliers in the high dimensional pixel
space has been an open challenge for the field. To tackle the problem, this
paper proposes a new framework DREAM-OOD, which enables imagining
photo-realistic outliers by way of diffusion models, provided with only the
in-distribution (ID) data and classes. Specifically, DREAM-OOD learns a
text-conditioned latent space based on ID data, and then samples outliers in
the low-likelihood region via the latent, which can be decoded into images by
the diffusion model. Different from prior works, DREAM-OOD enables visualizing
and understanding the imagined outliers, directly in the pixel space. We
conduct comprehensive quantitative and qualitative studies to understand the
efficacy of DREAM-OOD, and show that training with the samples generated by
DREAM-OOD can benefit OOD detection performance. Code is publicly available at
https://github.com/deeplearning-wisc/dream-ood.Comment: NeurIPS 202
Industrial Anomaly Detection with Domain Shift: A Real-world Dataset and Masked Multi-scale Reconstruction
Industrial anomaly detection (IAD) is crucial for automating industrial
quality inspection. The diversity of the datasets is the foundation for
developing comprehensive IAD algorithms. Existing IAD datasets focus on the
diversity of data categories, overlooking the diversity of domains within the
same data category. In this paper, to bridge this gap, we propose the
Aero-engine Blade Anomaly Detection (AeBAD) dataset, consisting of two
sub-datasets: the single-blade dataset and the video anomaly detection dataset
of blades. Compared to existing datasets, AeBAD has the following two
characteristics: 1.) The target samples are not aligned and at different
scales. 2.) There is a domain shift between the distribution of normal samples
in the test set and the training set, where the domain shifts are mainly caused
by the changes in illumination and view. Based on this dataset, we observe that
current state-of-the-art (SOTA) IAD methods exhibit limitations when the domain
of normal samples in the test set undergoes a shift. To address this issue, we
propose a novel method called masked multi-scale reconstruction (MMR), which
enhances the model's capacity to deduce causality among patches in normal
samples by a masked reconstruction task. MMR achieves superior performance
compared to SOTA methods on the AeBAD dataset. Furthermore, MMR achieves
competitive performance with SOTA methods to detect the anomalies of different
types on the MVTec AD dataset. Code and dataset are available at
https://github.com/zhangzilongc/MMR.Comment: submit to Computers in Industr
NLP-based detection of systematic anomalies among the narratives of consumer complaints
We develop an NLP-based procedure for detecting systematic nonmeritorious
consumer complaints, simply called systematic anomalies, among complaint
narratives. While classification algorithms are used to detect pronounced
anomalies, in the case of smaller and frequent systematic anomalies, the
algorithms may falter due to a variety of reasons, including technical ones as
well as natural limitations of human analysts. Therefore, as the next step
after classification, we convert the complaint narratives into quantitative
data, which are then analyzed using an algorithm for detecting systematic
anomalies. We illustrate the entire procedure using complaint narratives from
the Consumer Complaint Database of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
Filter-informed Spectral Graph Wavelet Networks for Multiscale Feature Extraction and Intelligent Fault Diagnosis
Intelligent fault diagnosis has been increasingly improved with the evolution
of deep learning (DL) approaches. Recently, the emerging graph neural networks
(GNNs) have also been introduced in the field of fault diagnosis with the goal
to make better use of the inductive bias of the interdependencies between the
different sensor measurements. However, there are some limitations with these
GNN-based fault diagnosis methods. First, they lack the ability to realize
multiscale feature extraction due to the fixed receptive field of GNNs.
Secondly, they eventually encounter the over-smoothing problem with increase of
model depth. Lastly, the extracted features of these GNNs are hard to
understand owing to the black-box nature of GNNs. To address these issues, a
filter-informed spectral graph wavelet network (SGWN) is proposed in this
paper. In SGWN, the spectral graph wavelet convolutional (SGWConv) layer is
established upon the spectral graph wavelet transform, which can decompose a
graph signal into scaling function coefficients and spectral graph wavelet
coefficients. With the help of SGWConv, SGWN is able to prevent the
over-smoothing problem caused by long-range low-pass filtering, by
simultaneously extracting low-pass and band-pass features. Furthermore, to
speed up the computation of SGWN, the scaling kernel function and graph wavelet
kernel function in SGWConv are approximated by the Chebyshev polynomials. The
effectiveness of the proposed SGWN is evaluated on the collected solenoid valve
dataset and aero-engine intershaft bearing dataset. The experimental results
show that SGWN can outperform the comparative methods in both diagnostic
accuracy and the ability to prevent over-smoothing. Moreover, its extracted
features are also interpretable with domain knowledge
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