3,765 research outputs found
A role of ygfZ in the Escherichia coli response to plumbagin challenge
Plumbagin is found in many herbal plants and inhibits the growth of various bacteria. Escherichia coli strains are relatively resistant to this drug. The mechanism of resistance is not clear. Previous findings showed that plumbagin treatment triggered up-regulation of many genes in E. coli including ahpC, mdaB, nfnB, nfo, sodA, yggX and ygfZ. By analyzing minimal inhibition concentration and inhibition zones of plumbagin in various gene-disruption mutants, ygfZ and sodA were found critical for the bacteria to resist plumbagin toxicity. We also found that the roles of YgfZ and SodA in detoxifying plumbagin are independent of each other. This is because of the fact that ectopically expressed SodA reduced the superoxide stress but not restore the resistance of bacteria when encountering plumbagin at the absence of ygfZ. On the other hand, an ectopically expressed YgfZ was unable to complement and failed to rescue the plumbagin resistance when sodA was perturbed. Furthermore, mutagenesis analysis showed that residue Cys228 within YgfZ fingerprint region was critical for the resistance of E. coli to plumbagin. By solvent extraction and HPLC analysis to follow the fate of the chemical, it was found that plumbagin vanished apparently from the culture of YgfZ-expressing E. coli. A less toxic form, methylated plumbagin, which may represent one of the YgfZ-dependent metabolites, was found in the culture supernatant of the wild type E. coli but not in the ΔygfZ mutant. Our results showed that the presence of ygfZ is not only critical for the E coli resistance to plumbagin but also facilitates the plumbagin degradation
Fe–Fe bonding in the rhombic Fe 4 cores of the Zintl clusters [Fe 4 E 18 ] 4− (E = Sn and Pb) †
We report here the synthesis and characterization of two endohedral Zintl-ion clusters, [Fe4Sn18]4− and [Fe4Pb18]4−, which contain rhombic Fe4 cores. The Fe–Fe bond lengths are all below 2.5 Å, distinctly shorter than in the corresponding Cu clusters, indicating the presence of Fe–Fe bonding. Subtle differences in the structure of the Fe4 core between the two clusters suggest that the change in tetrel element causes a change in electronic ground state, with a very short Fe–Fe bond length of 2.328 Å present across the diagonal of the rhombus in the lead case
Aligned copper nanorod arrays for highly efficient generation of intense ultra-broadband THz pulses
We demonstrate an intense broadband terahertz (THz) source based on the interaction of relativistic-intensity femtosecond lasers with aligned copper nanorod array targets. For copper nanorod targets with a length of 5 μm, a maximum 13.8 times enhancement in the THz pulse energy (in ≤20 THz spectral range) is measured as compared to that with a thick plane copper target under the same laser conditions. A further increase in the nanorod length leads to a decrease in the THz pulse energy at medium frequencies (≤20 THz) and increase of the electromagnetic pulse energy in the high-frequency range (from 20–200 THz). For the latter, we measure a maximum energy enhancement of 28 times for the nanorod targets with a length of 60 μm. Particle-in-cell simulations reveal that THz pulses are mostly generated by coherent transition radiation of laser produced hot electrons, which are efficiently enhanced with the use of nanorod targets. Good agreement is found between the simulation and experimental results
Partial Wave Analysis of
A partial wave analysis of in
decay is presented using a sample of 14 million
events accumulated by the BES II detector. The data are fitted to
the sum of relativistic covariant tensor amplitudes for intermediate resonant
decay modes. From the fit, significant contributions to decays from
the channels , , ,
, , , and are found. Flavor-SU(3)-violating
asymmetry is observed. Values obtained for the masses and
widths of the resonances , , , and
are presented.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, and 4 table
Search for psi(3770)\ra\rho\pi at the BESII detector at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider
Non- decay \psppto \rhopi is searched for using a data sample of
taken at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV by the
BESII detector at the BEPC. No \rhopi signal is observed, and the upper limit
of the cross section is measured to be \sigma(\EETO \rhopi)<6.0 pb at 90% C.
L. Considering the interference between the continuum amplitude and the \pspp
resonance amplitude, the branching fraction of \pspp decays to is
determined to be \BR(\pspp\ra\rho\pi)\in(6.0\times10^{-6}, 2.4\times10^{-3})
at 90% C. L. This is in agreement with the prediction of the - and -wave
mixing scheme of the charmonium states for solving the ``\rhopi puzzle''
between \jpsi and \psp decays.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure
Measurement of the Inclusive Charm Cross Section at 4.03 GeV and 4.14 GeV
The cross section for charmed meson production at and 4.14
GeV has been measured with the Beijing Spectrometer. The measurement was made
using 22.3 of data collected at 4.03 GeV and 1.5
of data collected at 4.14 GeV. Inclusive observed cross sections for
the production of charged and neutral D mesons and momentum spectra are
presented. Observed cross sections were radiatively corrected to obtain tree
level cross sections. Measurements of the total hadronic cross section are
obtained from the charmed meson cross section and an extrapolation of results
from below the charm threshold.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures. The top level tex file is paper.tex. It builds
the paper from other tex files in this .tar and the .eps file
A Unified Approach to the Classical Statistical Analysis of Small Signals
We give a classical confidence belt construction which unifies the treatment
of upper confidence limits for null results and two-sided confidence intervals
for non-null results. The unified treatment solves a problem (apparently not
previously recognized) that the choice of upper limit or two-sided intervals
leads to intervals which are not confidence intervals if the choice is based on
the data. We apply the construction to two related problems which have recently
been a battle-ground between classical and Bayesian statistics: Poisson
processes with background, and Gaussian errors with a bounded physical region.
In contrast with the usual classical construction for upper limits, our
construction avoids unphysical confidence intervals. In contrast with some
popular Bayesian intervals, our intervals eliminate conservatism (frequentist
coverage greater than the stated confidence) in the Gaussian case and reduce it
to a level dictated by discreteness in the Poisson case. We generalize the
method in order to apply it to analysis of experiments searching for neutrino
oscillations. We show that this technique both gives correct coverage and is
powerful, while other classical techniques that have been used by neutrino
oscillation search experiments fail one or both of these criteria.Comment: 40 pages, 15 figures. Changes 15-Dec-99 to agree more closely with
published version. A few small changes, plus the two substantive changes we
made in proof back in 1998: 1) The definition of "sensitivity" in Sec. V(C).
It was inconsistent with our actual definition in Sec. VI. 2) "Note added in
proof" at end of the Conclusio
Measurement of the cross section for e^+e^- -> ppbar at center-of-mass energies from 2.0 to 3.07 GeV
Cross sections for e^+e^- -> ppbar have been measured at 10 center-of-mass
energies from 2.0 to 3.07 GeV by the BESII experiment at the BEPC, and proton
electromagnetic form factors in the time-like region have been determined.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Measurements of the continuum and values in annihilation in the energy region between 3.650 and 3.872 GeV
We report measurents of the continuum near the center-of-mass
energy of 3.70 GeV, the and the values in annihilation at 68 energy points in the energy
region between 3.650 and 3.872 GeV with the BES-II detector at the BEPC
Collodier. We obtain the for the continuum light hadron
(containing u, d and s quarks) production near the threshold to be
.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
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