Joint optimisation of regular and demand-responsive transit services

This study aims to jointly optimise regular and demand responsive transit (DRT) services, which can offer opportunities for leveraging on their respective advantages. An optimisation model with the objective of minimising the total travel time of passengers and the total fleet size is proposed. The terminal bus stops of regular bus lines, the service area of the DRT, and the fleet size of both regular and DRT are optimised simultaneously. A rule-based optimisation preparation step is added to the proposed model to obtain a reasonable design scheme and to reduce the computational load. The model is solved using a tailored boundary-start-based two-step heuristic algorithm. The performance of the mixed network is affected by the preference of the decision maker and the operation mode adopted for the DRT service. A reduction in the operational level of the DRT results in a considerable increase in the travel time of DRT passengers.Transport and Plannin

The Practice and Enlightenment of Architectural Renovation and Urban Renewal in the Netherlands

With the development of local urban renewal in the Netherlands, Dutch architects as Rem Koolhass, Francine Houben and Kees Kaan, etc. have showed rich practical experiences. As a result, the architectural renovation and urban renewal have presented a thriving scene. In this article, the types of urban renewal in the Netherlands are classified as three main categories: regional renewal, architectural heritage refurbishment, and adaptive reuse [1]. From the perspective of types to strategies, this study analyzes typical cases including the Westerpark West, Speelhuis theater, Timmerhuis and Villa Industria and so on, exploring the role of Dutch architects, the method of transformation and sustainable meaning of urban renewal. The research tries to summarize the Dutch mode and experiences, providing a new perspective and methodology for relevant transformation practices of urban renewal in China.History & Complexit

The Practice and Enlightenment of Architectural Renovation and Urban Renewal in the Netherlands

Since the development of architectural disciplines, Dutch architectural style and architects have played important role in the world. In the wave of local urban renewal in the Netherlands, Dutch architects represented by Rem Koolhass, Francine Houben, Winy Maas and Kees Kaan and etc. have shown rich practices and experiences, therefore, the architectural renovation and urban renewal have show prosperous scenarios. This paper focuses on the four types of architectural and urban transformation practices in the Netherlands, named as Regional renewal, architectural heritage refurbishment, adaptive reuse and industrial building renovation [1], and analyzes typical cases such as Westerpark West, Speelhuis theater, Timmerhuis and Villa Industria project. Exploring the role and spatial stance of Dutch architects, the research tries to sum up the Dutch modes and experiences, and provides a new perspective and method for similar transformation practices in urban renewal of contemporary China.History & Complexit

Why Factory: The spatial significance of Architectural Education Buildings

The educational space of Architecture faculty is used to cultivate architects. At the same time, it becomes the carrier of architectural ideas and teaching methods. The type of architecture and its spatial organization reflect the architectural education philosophy and attitude. Back in history, as early as the Renaissance, there had emerged study places for architects. After the industrial revolution and the modernist process, the types of architectural education sites are more diverse, and their main features are the spatial form of hybrid and box-in-box. This article preliminarily analyzes the evolutionary outline of architectural education buildings and interprets the spatial ideas in each period. The study focuses on the famous Dutch architectural school--BKCity of the Delft University of Technology, analyzing the teaching space logic of its distinctive Why Factory and exploring how the related space could stimulate the vitality of architectural education. By the analogy of some architectural schools, it also tries to compare the differences and characteristics of Chinese and Western architectural academies, finding out the spatial significance in architecture discipline, education method as well as sustainable application.History & Complexit

Unprotected Left-Turn Behavior Model Capturing Path Variations at Intersections

Path dispersion (the spatial distribution of vehicular paths) is an important feature of traffic flow inside intersections and differs from traffic flow running along traffic lanes at road segment, especially under conflicting movements. The path dispersion reflects the operational features of traffic flow and is related to driving behaviour, arrival flow patterns, layout design, and the traffic control and management scheme. This study aims to improve the understanding of the overall path dispersion of unprotected left-turns and the opposing through movement. A behavioural simulation model was established to represent the overall path dispersion. Human behaviours regarding vehicle trajectory planning with and without conflicting vehicles were modelled based on optimal control and integrated into the proposed discrete event simulation framework. The descriptive power and accuracy of the proposed simulation model were validated using empirical data. The effects of the spatial size of the intersection, crossing angle, and traffic volume on the path dispersion of the left-turn and through movement were explored based on numerical experiments. The results show that the proposed simulation model can represent the path dispersion of left-turn and opposing through movement well for both the calibrated intersections and newly added intersections without model parameter recalibration with an average error of 8.92%.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Transport and PlanningTransport and Plannin

Towards Design and Development of a BIM-based 3D Property Formation Process

With the increased interest and demand for 3D property, 3D property formation has shown increased significance. It is important to provide efficient, clear and unambiguous methods to form 3D property units, as well as register 3D property RRRs (rights, restrictions and responsibilities). The 3D property formation process should facilitate solutions to complicated problems within building projects (for example space above and below the ground) and provide secure and lasting rights in complex situations. Therefore, 3D property formation could use the same processes as for the formation of other property units, but adding specific rules and standards concerning the use of 3D models. Building Information Modelling (BIM) contains rich details of building characteristics such as structures, elements, spaces, schedules, etc. that can form the physical models of the 3D cadastre. The 3D property formation process requires that BIM data are exchanged between actors. To model this exchange, we utilize an open BIM process standard Information Delivery Manual (IDM). IDM helps to clarify the detailed property formation process, facilitates actors’ communication, harmonizes different product data models delivered and stored, identifies the results of that activity, as well as improves the management more efficiently and collaboratively. Level of Information Need (LOIN) is a framework that defines the extent and granularity of information, in order to prevent delivery of too much information. The LOIN specifies the granularity of information exchanged in terms of geometrical information, alphanumerical information and documentation, which should be used to specify the information delivery between actors. In this paper, we use LOIN as a basis to specify information requirements according to the 3D property formation purposes, and design a developed process of the Swedish 3D property formation in IDM. In the study, LOIN fulfills the requirements of forming 3D cadastral property in BIM models and harmonizes all involved actors in the whole process in IDM with a more common and standardized approach. The proposed methodology aims to facilitate a standardized and unambiguous digital 3D property formation process on a national level in order to improve and enhance the digital Swedish Cadastral and Land Administration Systems

A high resolution model of linear trend in mass variations from DMT-2: Added value of accounting for coloured noise in GRACE data

We present a high resolution model of the linear trend in the Earth’s mass variations based on DMT-2 (Delft Mass Transport model, release 2). DMT-2 was produced primarily from K-Band Ranging (KBR) data of the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE). It comprises a time series of monthly solutions complete to spherical harmonic degree 120. A novel feature in its production was the accurate computation and incorporation of stochastic properties of coloured noise when processing KBR data. The unconstrained DMT-2 monthly solutions are used to estimate the linear trend together with a bias, as well as annual and semi-annual sinusoidal terms. The linear term is further processed with an anisotropic Wiener filter, which uses full noise and signal covariance matrices. Given the fact that noise in an unconstrained model of the trend is reduced substantially as compared to monthly solutions, the Wiener filter associated with the trend is much less aggressive compared to a Wiener filter applied to monthly solutions. Consequently, the trend estimate shows an enhanced spatial resolution. It allows signals in relatively small water bodies, such as Aral sea and Ladoga lake, to be detected. Over the ice sheets, it allows for a clear identification of signals associated with some outlet glaciers or their groups. We compare the obtained trend estimate with the ones from the CSR-RL05 model using (i) the same approach based on monthly noise covariance matrices and (ii) a commonly-used approach based on the DDK-filtered monthly solutions. We use satellite altimetry data as independent control data. The comparison demonstrates a high spatial resolution of the DMT-2 linear trend. We link this to the usage of high-accuracy monthly noise covariance matrices, which is due to an accurate computation and incorporation of coloured noise when processing KBR data. A preliminary comparison of the linear trend based on DMT-2 with that computed from GSFC global mascons v01 reveals, among other, a high concentration of the signal along the coast for both models in areas like the ice sheets, Gulf of Alaska, and Iceland.Accepted Author ManuscriptPhysical and Space Geodes

Internet addiction of adolescents in China: Prevalence, predictors, and association with well-being

Internet addiction is a mental health problem that affects a significant number of people worldwide. Our study attempted to investigate the prevalence of Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents and to explore the predictors of Internet addiction and its association with well-being. A total of 10,988 adolescents from nine different cities in China were surveyed using the Diagnostic Questionnaire (DQ) for Internet addiction, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the Adolescent's Satisfaction with Life Scale. The mean age of the whole sample was 17.2 years (ranging from 13 to 23 years). The prevalence rate of Internet addiction among the surveyed adolescents was 7.5%, which was influenced by gender and grade (chi(2) = 74.027, p < 0.001; chi(2) = 7.162, p < 0.05). The breadth of extracurricular activities, the age when people used Internet for the first time, and whether people used Internet for the first time in Internet bar were significant predictors of Internet addiction (beta = -0.065, p < 0.001; beta = -0.101, p < 0.001; beta = 0.545, p < 0.001). Finally, our study found evidence demonstrating the link between Internet addiction and well-being. Increased symptoms of problematic use were associated with decreased self-esteem (F = 258.344, p < 0.001), satisfaction with life (F = 232.428, p < 0.001), and increased depression (F = 607.062, p < 0.001)